1,721,303 research outputs found
Vulnérabilité et risque lors des crues extrêmes : la crue du Rhône de 2003 dans le secteur Arles - Tarascon
No full textVulnerability and risk during extreme floods: the 2003 Rhône flood in Arles - Tarascon area.
Early December 2003, the south east part of France was affected by several intense rainfall events which have almost covered the full Rhône catchment. The rainfalls have generated exceptional floods in all Mediterranean rivers and have exposed populations to extreme inundations. Between December 2nd and 5th, the Rhône discharge recorded at Beaucaire has reached 11500m3/ s. This flood has induced heavy damages especially in the Arles – Tarascon area. The break and the collapse of two underneath accesses below the railway track established in 1845 have generated the flooding of the Trébon area. Waters have reached Arles and affected all north area of the city. The affected area composed with residential and industrial activities consists in a domain which has never been flooded in such extend within the past. The creation of the access structures and their default during the flood have affected the protection purpose of several structures including the railway track. The inundation of Arles – Tarascon area was created by the failure of the access structures which have been realized without following the design hypothesis defined since 1858. This event demonstrates the difficulty to maintain the consistency and the use of design rules regarding exceptional events. In addition, the experience faced by 10000 persons underlines the necessity to develop a risk culture in all sectors potentially concerned by flooding including behind protection works.Début décembre 2003, le grand quart sud-est de la France a été touché par plusieurs épisodes pluvieux intenses qui ont affecté une très large surface du bassin versant du Rhône. Ces précipitations ont générés des crues de caractères exceptionnels pour les fleuves méditerranéens des Bouches-du-Rhône à l’Hérault et ont exposé les populations à de graves inondations. Entre le 2 et le 5 décembre 2003, le Rhône a connu une crue exceptionnelle estimée à 11500m3/ s à Beaucaire. Cet événement a causé des dégâts très importants en particulier dans le secteur de Tarascon et Arles qui a subi les dommages les plus importants. Dans ce secteur, l’inondation a été provoquée par la défaillance des trémies de deux passages souterrains situés sous le remblai de la voie ferrée construite en 1845. Les volumes se sont répandus dans la plaine du Trébon, en direction d’Arles et de Tarascon. Le secteur touché par l’inondation correspond à un domaine urbain et industriel qui n’avait historiquement jamais connu de phénomène d’une telle cette ampleur. La réalisation des passages souterrains et la défaillance de leur protection ont remis en cause la fonction de plusieurs ouvrages de protection. L’inondation du secteur Arles – Tarascon a été causée par la défaillance trémies dont la conception n’a pas respecté les hypothèses de dimensionnement habituellement utilisées depuis 1858. Cet évènement démontre la difficulté de maintenir et d’assurer dans le temps le respect des règles de dimensionnements. De même, cette inondation subie par plus de 10000 personnes impose d’intégrer une information à propos de ce type d’évènement dans les secteurs protégés par des ouvrages.Gourbesville Philippe, Laborde Jean-Pierre, Batica Jelena. Vulnérabilité et risque lors des crues extrêmes : la crue du Rhône de 2003 dans le secteur Arles - Tarascon. In: Evénements extrêmes fluviaux et maritimes. Leurs variabilités spatiales et chronologiques dans l'ouest de l’Europe. 34èmes journées de l’hydraulique Paris, 1 et 2 février 2012. 2012
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Has social modernisation a future ? Adventures and misadventures of the French Act of 17 January 2002 on social modernisation
No full textInternational audienceThis paper traces the implementation of labour market reforms in France, with particular reference to the Social Modernisation Act approved by the centre-left government in January 2002. Whereas the new centre-right government elected in June 2002 has ‘softened’ earlier legislative provisions for the 35-hour week, case law has actually extended redundancy provisions. Significant parts of the Social Modernisation Act have been suspended by a sort of Sleeping Beauty measure for an 18-month period, and the Government’s intention is for the social parties to negotiate the terms of new legislation, in spite of the employers’ apparent reluctance to engage in such negotiations. Against this backdrop, the author outlines a possible scenario for the future of collective bargaining
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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