1,721,052 research outputs found
Behavioral Economics: limitazioni cognitive, preferenze sociali e comportamento economico
No full textAs far as recent developments in economic theory are concerned, «Behavioral Economics» consti- tutes one of the most promising frontiers in the last ten years, as the Nobel Prize for Economics recently won by the social psychologist Daniel Kahneman and the prestigious John Bates Clark Medal granted to the young economist Matthew Rabin testify. It is then worth asking the following questions: what is, exactly, Behavioral Economics? What are the reasons behind its recent success? This survey aims at pro- viding a first answer, both directly and indirectly, to such questions, by illustrating the main contribu- tions developed within such ambitious research program. Behavioral Economics aims at increasing the explanatory and predictive power of economic analysis through an increase in the degree of realism of the assumptions at the basis of economic models, i.e. by means of a greater and greater integration between economics and psychology (but also between economics and social sciences such as, for example, cultural anthropology). While standard economics assumes that agents are driven by well-defined and stable pref- erences and act rationally, psychology reveals that it is often the case that such assumptions cannot be taken as an adequate and satisfactory description of human behavior. In this light, Behavioral Econom- ics focuses on markets where some (if not all) economic agents involved make choices which appear to substantially deviate from traditional economic predictions. In this survey we focus on the following two fields of studies within Behavioral Economics: a first field deals with the main cognitive limitations af- fecting economic behavior (Sections 2 and 3), whereas a second one is related to the role of the so called «social preferences» (Section 4). Both areas aim at incorporating the major results obtained both experi- mentally and empirically into formal economic analysis. Within the first area, it is assumed, analogously to neoclassical models, that agents act according to the self-interest hypothesis, but also that «rational» be- havior is affected by several cognitive limitations (in line with classical contributions on bounded rational- ity; see, in particular, Simon 1978; 1979; 1992). By contrast, the second area departs from the neoclassical approach by introducing modifications at motivational level. Unlike traditional analyses, social preferences studies focus, at both theoretical and experimental level, on interaction scenarios where players act not on classic selfish preferences but on different types of social preferences. In other words, it is still assumed that individual behavior is rational, but also that various forms of non-selfish rationality get into the pic- ture. In particular, behavioral choices by individual agents (as well as their objective functions) can be (either positively or negatively) affected by other players’ preferences, intentions, material outcomes and/or behaviors
The Impact of Life Experiences on Risk Taking
Full text linkIntroduction to the Special Issue of the Journal of Economic Psychology on "The Impact of Life Experiences on Risk Taking" (Guest Editors: Peter Ayton; Gennaro Bernile; Alessandro Bucciol; Luca Zarri)
Model of Misalignment Tolerant Inductive Power Transfer System for EV Charging
No full textThis paper presents a study on the behaviour of the currents in a 1-D resonator array of inductive power transfer (IPT) systems that can be used for electric vehicle (EV) charging. The resonator array is used to ease misalignment issues between the receiver and the transmitter and to improve the transmission distance. Besides, IPT systems with resonator arrays may offer the possibility of dynamic charging. The analysis is performed assuming a generic position of the receiver over a 1-D array. A theoretical model - tolerant to the misalignment of the receiver - has been developed and experimentally verified. The model is used to determine the currents in the system. The obtained results highlight significant stresses on the circuit components that must be considered in the design stage of the apparatus, especially when a large power is transferred, such as in the case of EV charging
Torque Pulsation Reduction in Three-Phase Doubly Fed Induction Machine for Wireless Energy Transfer Applications
No full textRotary assembly platforms are commonly used in the packaging industry. One of the problems that the designers have faced is how to transfer the power to the auxiliary actuators mounted on the rotating disk. This paper solves the problem above by adopting a direct drive three-phase wound-rotor induction machine that can independently control the rotor torque and the power flow delivered to the rotor loads. For this result, high-frequency harmonics are added to the air-gap magnetic field. In addition, the minimization of the torque pulsation of the machine is considered. Experimental results confirm the feasibility of the proposed solution
Il bilancio delle cooperative sociali: quale valenza e quale evoluzione
No full textIl contributo analizza l'evoluzione dell'interpretazione del bilancio sociale nelle cooperative sociali, da strumento di comunicazione solo esterna a strumento di governo e di controllo intern
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
A Two-sector model of economic growth with social capital accumulation
Full text linkIn this paper we analyze a two-sector growth model in which the utility function is not additively separablein consumption and “quality leisure time”. Differently from the main body of theoretical literature onquality leisure, we assume that the “productivity” of leisure is not determined by the stock of humancapital but instead by the quality of social environment, which in turn depends on the joint action ofthe economy-wide average leisure and of the stock of social capital. In this context we show that thetime evolution of social capital may exhibit an inverted-U shaped path, according to which the stock ofsocial capital, initially increasing, becomes definitively decreasing. This result is consistent with severalempirical studies about the time evolution of social capital in industrialized economies (see e.g. Robert Putnam, 1995, 2000). Furthermore, we show that the inverted-U shaped evolution of the stock of socialcapital can be observed only if the balanced growth path is locally indeterminate
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