1,358,202 research outputs found
4th industrial revolution in solid waste management sector
No full textDevelopment and growth of society entails growth of demand in resources. Current system determining the life lifecycle of products from raw materials to wastes proved to be inefficient in a long-term perspective. Sustainable development is not achievable, as present paradigm neither able to equally provide exponentially growing population with goods, nor manage waste generated from production of those goods. Taking into account, how inefficiency of resource management affects ecological situation, it becomes apparent that there is an inevitable need in taking action. Certain modern technologies like Big Data, IoT or Artificial Neural Networks have great potential to change the situation for better. Integrated usage of such technologies is considered as new industrial revolution. Fourth industrial revolution might be the lifebuoy for humanity sinking in the ocean of its own waste.
This paper is aimed to emphasize the importance of fourth industrial revolution and particularly its implementation in solid waste management. Key components of fourth industrial revolution will be studied by focusing on their technology and range of application. Also, case studies with applications of those technologies in different areas of solid waste management sector will be reviewed, to evaluate benefits from implementing fourth industrial revolution
A New Sensitive Detection Scheme for Helium Nanodroplet Isolation Spectroscopy: Application to Benzene
No full textA new method is presented for recording excitation spectra of molecules embedded in helium nanodroplets. The method relies on the complete evaporation of the droplets following excitation of an dissolved molecule and the subsequent detection of the remaining unsolvated molecule by mass spectrometry. The technique has been successfully applied to record the S1 1B2u ← S0 1A1g transition in benzene. The transition frequencies determined by this new method, beam depletion spectroscopy and REMPI spectroscopy have been found to differ slightly from each other. It is argued that these differences in transition frequency are related to the different droplet sizes probed by the spectroscopic techniques.LCP
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Guardians of the Irbis, Our Beloved Snow Leopard
No full textThis Viewpoint traces the scientific and cultural contribution of Oleg and Irina Loginov to the protection of the snow leopard (Panthera uncia), a rare species showing the fragile balance of Kazakhstan’s mountain ecosystems. Their lifelong work demonstrates how conservation can be both a scientific and artistic mission, expressed through education, photography, and literature. By integrating field observation, creative expression, and community awareness, the Loginovs have brought together ecological research and public understanding. Conservation of a rare cat species means safeguarding a shared heritage of biodiversity, memory, and national identity
CMV-, EBV-, and HHV-6-DNAemia after liver transplantation
No full textViral infections caused by herpesviruses are common complications after organ transplantation and they are associated with substantial morbidity and even mortality. Herpesviruses remain in a latent state in a host after primary infection and may reactivate later. CMV infection is the most important viral infection after liver transplantation. Less is known about the significance of human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6). EBV is believed to play a major role in the development of post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders (PTLD).
The aim of this study was to investigate the CMV-, EBV- and HHV-6 DNAemia after liver transplantation by frequent monitoring of adult liver transplant patients. The presence of CMV, EBV and HHV-6 DNA were demonstrated by in situ hybridization assays and by real-time PCR methods from peripheral blood specimens. CMV and HHV-6 antigens were demonstrated by antigenemia assays and compared to the viral DNAemia. The response to antiviral therapy was also investigated.
CMV-DNAemia appeared earlier than CMV pp65-antigenemia after liver transplantation. CMV infections were treated with ganciclovir. However, most of the treated patients demonstrated persistence of CMV-DNA for up to several months. Continuous CMV-DNA expression of peripheral blood leukocytes showed that the virus is not eliminated by ganciclovir and recurrences can be expected during several months after liver transplantation.
HHV-6 DNAemia / antigenemia was common and occurred usually within the first three months after liver transplantation together with CMV. The HHV-6 DNA expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells correlated well with HHV-6 antigenemia. Antiviral treatment significantly decreased the number of HHV-6 DNA positive cells, demonstrating the response to ganciclovir treatment.
Clinically silent EBV reactivations with low viral loads were relatively common after liver transplantation. These EBV-DNAemias usually appeared within the first three months after liver transplantation together with betaherpesviruses (CMV, HHV-6, HHV-7). One patient developed high EBV viral loads and developed PTLD. These results indicate that frequent monitoring of EBV-DNA levels can be useful to detect liver transplant patients at risk of developing PTLD.Herpesvirusinfektiot aiheuttavat merkittäviä komplikaatioita ja jopa kuolleisuutta elinsiirtopotilailla. Herpesviruksille tyypillinen piirre on, että ne jäävät primaari-infektion jälkeen elimistöön piilevinä ja reaktivoituvat myöhemmin. Sytomegalovirus (CMV) infektio on kliinisesti tärkein maksansiirron jälkeen esiintyvä virusinfektio. Vähemmän tiedetään human herpesvirus-6:n (HHV-6) uusintainfektioista ja niiden merkityksestä elinsiirtojen jälkeen. Epstein-Barrin virus (EBV) voi aiheuttaa siirron jälkeisen lymfoproliferatiivisen tilan (PTLD).
Tämän väitöskirjatutkimuksen tarkoituksena oli tutkia CMV-, EBV- ja HHV-6- DNA:n esiintymistä potilaan perifeerisessä veressä maksansiirron jälkeen. Tutkimuksen aineisto koostui aikuisista maksansiirtopotilaista, joita monitoroitiin säännöllisesti näiden virusten suhteen. CMV-, HHV-6- ja EBV- DNA osoitettiin in situ hybridisaatio-tekniikoiden ja reaaliaikaisten PCR-menetelmien avulla. CMV- ja HHV-6- antigeenit osoitettiin immunohistokemiallisin värjäyksin veren soluista ja antigenemiaa verrattiin viruksen DNAemiaan. Samalla tutkittiin myös viruslääkityksen tehoa.
CMV DNA:n todettiin ilmaantuvan selvästi ennen CMV- pp65 antigeenia. Maksansiirtopotilaiden CMV infektiot hoidettiin gansikloviirillä. Kuitenkin useimmilla hoidetuilla potilailla CMV DNA:ta esiintyi perifeerisen veren soluissa jopa useita kuukausia. Jatkuva CMV-DNA ekspressio osoittaa, ettei virusta kyetä kokonaan eliminoimaan viruslääkkeellä ja näin uusintainfektiot ovat mahdollisia ensimmäisten kuukausien aikana maksansiirron jälkeen.
HHV-6-DNA:ta /antigenemiaa esiintyi yleisesti maksansiirtopotilailla ensimmäisen kolmen kuukauden aikana maksansiirron jälkeen ja usein samanaikaisesti CMV infektion kanssa. Kun HHV-6 DNA osoitettiin maksansiirtopotilaiden perifeerisen veren mononukleaarisista soluista in situ-hybridisaation avulla, todettiin sen korreloivan hyvin HHV-6 antigenemiaan. Gansikloviiri hoidon todettiin laskevan merkitsevästi HHV-6 DNA-positiivisten solujen määrää näiden potilaiden veressä. Gansikloviiri hoidolla on täten mahdollisesti tehoa myös HHV-6 infektioon.
EBV reaktivaatiot olivat melko yleisiä maksansiirron jälkeen. Nämä olivat EBV-DNAemia tasoltaan matalia ja esiintyivät yleensä ensimmäisen kolmen kuukauden aikana maksansiirron jälkeen yhdessä muiden herpesvirusten kanssa (CMV, HHV-6 ja HHV-7). Yhdellä potilaalla todettiin maksansiirron jälkeen korkeatasoinen EBV-DNAemia ja hänelle kehittyi PTLD. Säännöllinen EBV-DNA tasojen seuranta auttaa havaitsemaan ne potilaat, joille on vaarana kehittyä PTLD.ei saavutettav
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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