503 research outputs found
The first-line antidiabetic drug Metformin improves the impaired cognitive flexibility in a female mouse model of Rett syndrome.
No full textLong-term treatment with the antidiabetic drug metformin ameliorates cognitive flexibility deficits in a female mouse model of Rett syndrome.
No full textGenes and sex hormones interaction in neurodevelopmental disorders
No full textThe prevalence, age of onset and symptomatology of many neurodevelopmental disorders strongly differ between genders. This review examines sex biases in human neurodevelopmental disorders and in validated animal models. A focus is made on disorders of well-established genetic origin, such as Rett syndrome, CDKL5-associated disorders, Fragile X and Down syndrome. Autism is also addressed, given its paradigmatic role as a sex-biased neurodevelopmental disorder. Reviewed literature confirms that a complex interaction between genetic factors and sex hormones may underlie the differential susceptibility of genders and may impact the severity of symptoms in most of the analyzed neurodevelopmental disorders. Even though further studies addressing the advantages and disadvantages conferred by biological sex in this class of disorders are needed to disentangle the underlying mechanisms, present findings suggest that modulation of sex steroid-related pathways may represent an innovative approach for these diseases. Much effort is now expected to unravel the potential therapeutic efficacy of drugs targeting sex hormones-related signaling pathways in neurodevelopmental disorders of well-established genetic origin
Methyl‐CpG binding protein 2 dysfunction provides stress vulnerability with sex‐ and zygosity‐dependent outcomes
No full textStress vulnerability is a critical factor for the development of trauma-related disorders; however, its biological underpinnings are not clear. We demonstrated that dysfunctions in the X-linked epigenetic factor methyl-CpG binding protein 2 (MeCP2) provide trauma vulnerability in male mice. Given the prominent role of sex in stress outcomes, we explored the effects of MeCP2 hypofunctionality in females. Female mice carrying truncated MeCP2 (heterozygous and homozygous) and wild type controls (wt) were tested for fear memory. Stress-induced corticosterone release and brain expression of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulatory genes were also evaluated in wt and mutant mice of both sexes. Although heterozygous females displayed a normal stress-related behavioural profile, homozygous mice showed enhanced memory recall for the threatening context compared to wt, thus recapitulating the phenotype previously evidenced in hemizygous males. Interestingly, MeCP2 truncation abolished the sex differences in stress-induced corticosterone release, which was found increased in mutant males, whereas blunted in mutant females in a zygosity-independent manner. Although heterozygous mice did not differ from controls, homozygous females and hemizygous males showed increased hypotalamic Crh and Avp mRNAs and a differentially altered expression of Fkbp5 in cortical areas. Present results demonstrate that in female mice carrying truncated MeCP2, altered stress responsivity is driven by homozygosity, whereas heterozygosity does not lead to maladaptive stress outcomes. MeCP2 dysfunctions thus provide stress vulnerability in mice with sex- and zygosity-dependent outcomes
Letter by Niccoli et al regarding article, "intracoronary versus intravenous administration of abciximab in patients with st-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention with thrombus aspiration: the comparison of intracoronary versus intravenous abciximab administration during emergency reperfusion of st-segment elevation myocardial infarction (CICERO) trial"
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Di Meola, Claudio / Gerdes, Joachim / Tonelli, Livia (Hrsg.) (2019), Germanistische Linguistik und DaF-Didaktik. (= Sprache lehren – Sprachen lernen, Band 8). Berlin: Frank & Timme. 240 Seiten. ISBN 978-3-7329-0463-1.
No full textVeneziani a Costantinopoli. Qualche considerazione sulla circolazione di opere d’arte nel Mediterraneo nel XIV secolo
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