324,614 research outputs found
In vitro and in vivo toxicity evaluation of plant virus nanocarriers
No full textThe use of biological self-assembling materials, plant virus nanoparticles in particular, appears very intriguing as it allows a great choice of symmetries and dimensions, easy chemical and biological engineering of both surface and/or internal cavity as well as safe and rapid production in plants. In this perspective, we present an initial evaluation of the safety profile of two structurally different plant viruses produced in Nicotiana benthamiana L. plants: the filamentous Potato virus X and the icosahedral Tomato bushy stunt virus. In vitro haemolysis assay was used to test the cytotoxic effects, which could arise by pVNPs interaction with cellular membranes, while early embryo assay was used to evaluate toxicity and teratogenicity in vivo. Data indicates that these structurally robust particles, still able to infect plants after incubation in serum up to 24. h, have neither toxic nor teratogenic effects in vitro and in vivo. This work represents the first safety-focused characterization of pVNPs in view of their possible use as drug delivery carriers. © 2015 Elsevier B.V
Nanoparticles in biomedicine: New insights from plant viruses
No full textIn recent years there has been an outburst of interest regarding the employment of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Among the different types, such as metallic, organic, biological and hybrid systems, virus based nanoparticles have become a popular field of research. Viruses are able to form organized structures by molecular self assembly of repetitive building blocks, which implies non covalent interactions of protein monomers to form the quaternary structure of viral capsids. Plant virus based systems, in particular, are among the most advanced and exploited for their potential use as bioinspired structured nanomaterials and nanovectors. Plant viruses have a size particularly suitable for nanoscale applications and can offer several advantages. In fact, they are structurally uniform, robust, biodegradable and easy to produce. Moreover, many are the examples regarding functionalization of plant virus based nanoparticles by means of modification of their external surface and by loading cargo molecules into their internal cavity. This plasticity in terms of nanoparticles engineering is the ground on which multivalency, payload containment and targeted delivery can be fully exploited. This review aims primarily to summarize the most important plant virus based nanoparticles systems through their recent applications in biomedicine, such as epitope display for vaccine development and targeted delivery for diagnosis or therapy. In addition, their production in the most commonly used plant propagation and expression systems will be also reviewed. © 2013 Bentham Science Publishers
LICO: A Lexicon of Italian Connectives
No full textQuesto contributo presenta la prima versione di LICO, un lessico di connettivi per l’italiano. LICO comprende circa 170 connettivi del discorso usati in italiano, di cui abbiamo raccolto varianti ortografiche, le parti del discorso, le relazioni semantiche (ricavate dal catalogo del Penn Discourse Treebank) espresse dal connettivo, e alcuni esempi d’uso.This paper presents the first release of LICO, a Lexicon for Italian COnnectives. LICO includes about 170 discourse connectives used in Italian, together with their orthographical variants, part of speech(es), semantic relation(s) (according to the Penn Discourse Treebank relation catalogue), and a number of usage examples
Extrato etan?lico de pr?polis verde no controle de bacterioses do feijoeiro
No full textUma subst?ncia que tem merecido muitos estudos nos ?ltimos anos na ?rea m?dia e farmacol?gica ? a pr?polis, resina acumulada por abelhas. Embora tenha comprovada a??o terap?utica, s?o escassos os estudos da pr?polis no controle de doen?as em plantas, e praticamente inexistentes com a pr?polis verde. Assim, esse trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, indutora de fitoalexinas e protetora em plantas de feijoeiro ?s duas principais bacterioses da cultura, crestamento bacteriano (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli) e o fogo selvagem (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci), considerados patossistemas muito importantes em ensaios dessa natureza. Foi avaliado o extrato etan?lico de pr?polis verde nas concentra??es de 0,1, 0,5, 1, 2,5 e 5% I extrati etab?lico de pr?polis verde foi avaliado nas concentra??es: 01,; 0,5; 1; 2,5 e 5% com duas testemunhas, ?gua destilada e ?lcoo 1%. foram conduzidos ensaios de atividade antimicrobiana sobre os fitopat?genos, indu??o de fitoalexinas, efeito local e sist?mico sobre a severidade das bacterioses do feijoeiro. Ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repeti??es. A pr?polis verde apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre X axonopodis pv. Phaseoli e P. syringae pv. Tabaci ocasionando dr?stica redu??o do desenvolvimento das duas bact?rias e tamb?m induziu ac?mulo de faseolina em hipoc?tilos de feijoeiro, com aumento proporcional ao aumento da concentra??o do extrato. Ocorreu redu??o da ?rea lesionada em folhas de feijoeiro tratadas com o extrato, com efeito local e sist?mico. A enzima polifenoloxidase foi ativada pela pr?polis verde a 5%, tendo ponto m?ximo de ativa??o 62,5 horas ap?s a aplica?]ao no primeiro trif?lio. Houve aumento linear da produ??o da fenilalanina am?nia-liase em plantas tratadas com pr?polis verde. O pr?polis verde demonstra grande potencial no controle do crestamento bacteriano e do fogo selvagem em feijoeiro.Uma subst?ncia que tem merecido muitos estudos nos ?ltimos anos na ?rea m?dia e farmacol?gica ? a pr?polis, resina acumulada por abelhas. Embora tenha comprovada a??o terap?utica, s?o escassos os estudos da pr?polis no controle de doen?as em plantas, e praticamente inexistentes com a pr?polis verde. Assim, esse trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar a atividade antimicrobiana, indutora de fitoalexinas e protetora em plantas de feijoeiro ?s duas principais bacterioses da cultura, crestamento bacteriano (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli) e o fogo selvagem (Pseudomonas syringae pv. Tabaci), considerados patossistemas muito importantes em ensaios dessa natureza. Foi avaliado o extrato etan?lico de pr?polis verde nas concentra??es de 0,1, 0,5, 1, 2,5 e 5% I extrati etab?lico de pr?polis verde foi avaliado nas concentra??es: 01,; 0,5; 1; 2,5 e 5% com duas testemunhas, ?gua destilada e ?lcoo 1%. foram conduzidos ensaios de atividade antimicrobiana sobre os fitopat?genos, indu??o de fitoalexinas, efeito local e sist?mico sobre a severidade das bacterioses do feijoeiro. Ensaios foram conduzidos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado com cinco repeti??es. A pr?polis verde apresentou atividade antimicrobiana sobre X axonopodis pv. Phaseoli e P. syringae pv. Tabaci ocasionando dr?stica redu??o do desenvolvimento das duas bact?rias e tamb?m induziu ac?mulo de faseolina em hipoc?tilos de feijoeiro, com aumento proporcional ao aumento da concentra??o do extrato. Ocorreu redu??o da ?rea lesionada em folhas de feijoeiro tratadas com o extrato, com efeito local e sist?mico. A enzima polifenoloxidase foi ativada pela pr?polis verde a 5%, tendo ponto m?ximo de ativa??o 62,5 horas ap?s a aplica?]ao no primeiro trif?lio. Houve aumento linear da produ??o da fenilalanina am?nia-liase em plantas tratadas com pr?polis verde. O pr?polis verde demonstra grande potencial no controle do crestamento bacteriano e do fogo selvagem em feijoeiro
Nanoparticles in biomedicine: New insights from plant viruses
No full textIn recent years there has been an outburst of interest regarding the employment of nanoparticles for biomedical applications. Among the different types, such as metallic, organic, biological and hybrid systems, virus based nanoparticles have become a popular field of research. Viruses are able to form organized structures by molecular self assembly of repetitive building blocks, which implies non covalent interactions of protein monomers to form the quaternary structure of viral capsids. Plant virus based systems, in particular, are among the most advanced and exploited for their potential use as bioinspired structured nanomaterials and nanovectors. Plant viruses have a size particularly suitable for nanoscale applications and can offer several advantages. In fact, they are structurally uniform, robust, biodegradable and easy to produce. Moreover, many are the examples regarding functionalization of plant virus based nanoparticles by means of modification of their external surface and by loading cargo molecules into their internal cavity. This plasticity in terms of nanoparticles engineering is the ground on which multivalency, payload containment and targeted delivery can be fully exploited. This review aims primarily to summarize the most important plant virus based nanoparticles systems through their recent applications in biomedicine, such as epitope display for vaccine development and targeted delivery for diagnosis or therapy. In addition, their production in the most commonly used plant propagation and expression systems will be also reviewed
Static and fatigue resistance of two types of implant/abutment connectors
No full textThe aim of this study is to determine in an experimental way through mechanical tests the static, fatigue and torque resistance of two types of implant/abutment connectors with diameters of 3.45.2 mm
The two-faced Potato Virus X: from plant pathogen to smart nanoparticle
No full textPotato virus X (PVX) is a single-stranded RNA plant virus, historically investigated in light of the detrimental effects on potato, the world's fourth most important food commodity. The study of the interactions with cells, and more generally with the plant, both locally and systemically, significantly contributed to unveil the mechanisms underlying gene silencing, fundamental not only in plant virology but also in the study of gene expression regulation. Unraveling the molecular events of PVX infection paved the way for the development of different viral expression vectors and consequential applications in functional genomics and in the biosynthesis of heterologous proteins in plants. Apart from that, the ease of manipulation and the knowledge of the virus structure (particle dimensions, shape and physicochemical features) are inspiring novel applications, mainly focused on nanobiotechnology. This review will lead the reader in this area, spanning from fundamental to applied research, embracing fields from plant pathology to vaccine and drug-targeted delivery, imaging and material sciences. Due to the versatile moods, PVX holds promise to become an interesting nanomaterial, in view to create the widest possible arsenal of new bio-inspired devices to face evolving issues in biomedicine and beyond
Produzione di e protezione da un peptide killer antimicrobico in piante infettate con un virus chimerico della patata
No full text
A tone analysis of the non-financial disclosure in the automotive industry
No full textThis study’s purpose is twofold. On the one hand, it analyzes the relationship between the profitability of firms and the tone of nonfinancial disclosures; on the other hand, it tests the relationship between the environmental, social, and governing (ESG) performance of firms and the tone of nonfinancial disclosures on the automotive sector under two different and competing approaches, which are incremental information and impression management. The sample is composed of 68 nonfinancial reports issued by 17 automotive organizations between the years 2016 and 2020. Data analysis proceeded in two stages. First, a content analysis was performed to assess the linguistic attributes of the nonfinancial disclosure. Second, an inferential regression analysis was performed to test the hypothesized associations between firms’ performance and tone of their disclosures. The results of this study are aimed at providing evidence of the determinants of the verbal tone in the corporate nonfinancial reporting in a specific industry
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