1,105 research outputs found
In the circle of the 20th century dystopia. About reading the novel “Otok snova” by Damir Miloš
No full textThe article is an attempt to show the novel Otok snova (Island of Dreams,1996) by Damir Miloš as an example of a dystopian text. The author portrays the presented world of the book, first, as a postmodern consumer space where the pursuit of attractions is a dominant human activity, second, she presents the same picture through the prism of hyperbolic deformation. In the novel the original idyll takes the contours of hell, as she suggests. However, the reflection does not finish in a defeatist way. The author indicates a possibility of transition from dystopia to micro-utopia, but only in the case of reading the novel in the context of other works written by Damir Miloš
DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE SUPPORT FOR THE CALCULATION OF PHYSICAL QUANTITIES WITH APPLICATION TO MAXWELLS EQUATIONS
No full textOvaj završni rad se temelji na objašnjenju i izvođenju temeljnih zakona elektromagnetizma te proračunu nekih od fizikalnih veličina koristeći kao primjer Biot-Savartov zakon, Faradayev zakon indukcije i općenito Maxwellove jednadžbe. Pri tome je objašnjena funkcionalnost i način rada programa napisanog u C++ programskom jeziku.This bachelor thesis is based on the explanation and derivation of the fundamental laws of electromagnetism and the calculation of some of the physical quantities using as examples the Biot-Savart law, Faraday's law of induction and Maxwell's equations in general. In doing so, the functionality and mode of operation of the program written in the C++ programming language is explained
Optimization of classification of physical data by regulating hyperparameters of the BDTG method of machine learning
No full textZbog potrebe za obradom sve većih količina podataka, strojno učenje danas ima sve veći značaj i primjenu. Metodama strojnog učenja nastoje se izgraditi efektivni modeli koji na temelju usvojenih informacija mogu predviđati i donositi odluke. Na taj se način, kako bi se postigli najbolji mogući rezultati, metode optimiziraju i prilagođavaju svakom novom skupu podataka. Optimizacija metode podrazumijeva izbor najboljeg modela i pronalazak najboljih hiperparametara metode. Hiperparametri označavaju vrijednosti modela koje se specificiraju kako bi se povećala efikasnost metode. Specifikacija hiperparametara može se izvoditi ručno, ali zbog neefikasnosti samog postupka sve se više koriste razni algoritmi automatske optimizacije. U ovom rada je provedena hiperparametarska optimizacija BDTG (engl. Boosted Decision Tree Gradient) metode strojnog učenja na danim ulaznim podacima pomoću jedne od automatskih metoda optimizacije.Due to increasing volume of data that is necessary to analyse every day, machine learning has an ever-increasing importance and application. Machine learning methods are used to build effective models that can predict and make decisions based on the acquired information. Therefore, in order to achieve the best possible results, the methods are optimized and adapted to each new dataset. Method optimization implies finding the optimal model and finding the best hyperparameters of the model. Hyperparameters are model values that are specified to improve model performance. The specification of hyperparameters can be performed manually, but due to the inefficiency of the procedure itself, various automatic optimization algorithms are increasingly used. In this thesis, hyperparametric optimization of the BDTG (Boosted Decision Tree Gradient) machine learning method has been performed on a given dataset by using one of the automatic optimization algorithms
Computer animation of the quantum-mechanical tunnel effect
No full textOvaj završni rad temelji se na objašnjenju, te izradi prikaza i animaciji kvantnomehaničkog tunel efekta. Pojava kvantnog tuneliranja pokazuje da je moguć prolazak čestica malih dimenzija (u ovom završnom radu elektrona) kroz potencijalnu barijeru, iako je energija potencijalne barijere veća od kinetičke energije čestica elektrona. U animaciji teže alfa čestice ne prelaze barijeru već se odbijaju od nje. Detaljno su razjašnjene uporabe korištenih programa i metoda. Prikazan je postupak izrade modela u programu Blender i aktivacija i funkcionalnost animacije u programu Unity.This bachelor thesis is based on the explanation, creation of a representation and animation of the quantum-mechanical tunnel effect. The appearance of quantum tunneling shows that it is possible for particles of small dimensions (in this work - electrons) to pass through a potential barrier, although the energy of the potential barrier is greater than the kinetic energy of the electron particles. In the animation, the heavier alpha particles do not cross the barrier but bounce off it. The programs and methods used are explained in detail. The process of creating a model in the Blender program and the activation and functionality of the animation in the Unity program are shown
Rad ne sadrži naslov na drugom jeziku.
No full textStudying 93 Vector Boson Scattering is crucial for understanding the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism and it provides a complementary tool for measuring Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons. In addition, using the effective field theory (EFT) framework, one can probe the Beyond Standard Model physics through modifications of certain quartic gauge couplings. This thesis reports the first evidence, with the CMS detector, of electroweak (EW) production of leptonically decaying Z boson pair accompanied by two hadronic jets with a vector boson scattering topology. The study analyses 137fb1 of proton-proton collisions produced at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy. Additionally, a prospective study is presented on the longitudinal scattering in the same channel at High-Luminosity (HL) and High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) conditions, corresponding to 14 and 27 TeV centre-of-mass energy, respectively, with full event kinematics simulated. Although this channel is characterised by a fully reconstructable final state, the small cross section of EW signal compared to the QCD-induced background makes it challenging to measure. Efficient identification of final state leptons is essential since efficiencies on their measurement enter the analysis with a power of four. Measurement of electron selection efficiencies and derivation of scale factors for 2016, 2017 and 2018 data-taking periods was performed. Electron identification is done at CMS using the multivariate approach with a multivariate classifier retrained, for all three periods, using the ExtremeGradient Boost software and with electron isolation included in the training. Uncertainties on both electron selection efficiencies and scale factors were reduced across the pT spectrum with special care towards reducing the uncertainties at low pT .The EW signal was extracted at 13 TeV using the Matrix Element Likelihood Approach (MELA) and the performance was cross-checked with the boosted decision tree (BDT) classifier. The EW production of two jets in association with two Z bosons was measured with an observed (expected) significance of 4.0 (3.5) standard deviations. The cross sections for the EW production were measured in three fiducial volumes and is 0:33(+0:11)(stat)(+0:04) (syst) fb in the most inclusive volume, in agreement with the Standard Model (SM) prediction of 0:275 _ 0:021 fb. Limits on the anomalous quartic gauge couplings were derived in terms of EFT operators T0, T1, T2, T8, and T9. The extraction of the longitudinal component of the Z bosons at the HL- and HE-LHC was performed using two multivariate approaches. A combined-background BDT was trained to separate the ZLZL signal from the mixture of ZLZT , ZTZT and QCD-induced backgrounds. In addition, a more complex approach, referred to as the 2D BDT, was designed to increase signal sensitivity. Two BDTs were trained simultaneously to separate the ZLZL signal from the QCD-induced backgrounds and the ZLZL signal from the mixture of ZLZT and ZTZT backgrounds. The effect on signal significance when increasing electron acceptance from j_j = 3 to j_j = 4 was studied as well. With an increased electron acceptance, the longitudinal component is expected to be measured with a significance of 1.4 standard deviations at 14 TeV and with an integrated luminosity of 3000fb1. A measurement of the longitudinal scattering in the ZZ channel is expected at 27 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15000fb1, with a signal 128 significance of 4.6 standard deviations. With the extended electron acceptance, the first observation is expected with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations. Hence, this study demonstrates a significant benefit of further energy increase at the LHC for understanding the EW sector of the SM.Rad ne sadrži sažetak na drugom jeziku
Computer animation of the Compton Effect
No full textTema ovog završnog rada je objasniti i prikazati Comptonov efekt pomoću računalne animacije. U radu je opisan Comptonov efekt, eksperiment kojim se pokazuje, svi instrumenti potrebni za provedbu eksperimenta, način provedbe, te utjecaj i značaj Comptonovog efekta za razne znanstvene discipline. Opisana su dva softverska paketa koja su omogućila izradu animacije, Blender i Unity pogon za igre, zajedno s njihovim karakteristikama i svojstvima. Pomoću Blender softvera izrađeni su 3D modeli instrumenata eksperimenta te struktura materijala grafita, a u Unity softveru je napravljena puna animacija Comptonovog efekta i eksperimenta. U radu je detaljno opisan postupak izrade animacije, od 3D modeliranja i uređivanja modela materijalima, do programiranja i animiranja tih modela.The objective of this bachelor thesis is to present the Compton Effect or Compton Scattering through computer animation. The paper describes the Compton Effect, the experiment with which the effect was confirmed, all the equipment that is needed, how it was executed and the influence and meaning of the Compton Effect for multiple scientific disciplines. The paper also describes two software tools, Blender and Unity, along with their characteristics and features. 3D models of the experiment equipment and graphite were created using Blender and the animation itself was created using Unity's built-in tools. The paper contains a detailed description of the making of the animations, from creating the 3D models and editing the materials that were used, to programming and animation
Using the basic laws of optics in making a computer game
No full textU ovom završnom radu obrađena je tema zakona loma svjetlosti, te je realizirana računalna igra koja na interaktivan način ilustrira kako se svjetlost lomi prilikom prolaska kroz različita optička sredstva. Najprije su izneseni detalji Godot Engine programskog paketa, prepričana je ukratko povijest razvoja navedenog paketa, objašnjen je princip rada, a potom je slijedila usporedba s Unityjem, jednim od najpoznatijih srodnih programskih rješenja. Nakon toga, razrađena je tema refrakcije svjetlosti, kratko je opisan život W. Snella, te je pokazan Snellov zakon loma. Objašnjeno je zašto se svjetlost usporava u različitim medijima, indeks loma, kao i zašto se događa zakretanje svjetlosti pri prolasku kroz sredstva, te ostale potrebne optičke pojedinosti. Na kraju je opisana implementacija koda i relaizacija navedene računalne igre.In this bachelor thesis, the topic of the law of refraction of light is presented and a computer game is realized. This game in interactive way illustrates how light is refracted when passing through various optical materials. First, the details of the Godot Engine software package were presented, the history of the development of the package was briefly mentioned, the principle of operation was explained, and then a comparison with Unity, one of the most famous related software solutions, followed. After that, the topic of light refraction was elaborated, the life of W. Snell was briefly described, and Snell's law of refraction was shown. It is explained why light slows down in different media, why light refraction occurs when light passes through various materials, the refractive index, as well as other necessary optical details. Finally, the implementation of the code and the realization of the mentioned computer game are described
Rad ne sadrži naslov na drugom jeziku.
No full textStudying 93 Vector Boson Scattering is crucial for understanding the electroweak symmetry breaking mechanism and it provides a complementary tool for measuring Higgs boson couplings to vector bosons. In addition, using the effective field theory (EFT) framework, one can probe the Beyond Standard Model physics through modifications of certain quartic gauge couplings. This thesis reports the first evidence, with the CMS detector, of electroweak (EW) production of leptonically decaying Z boson pair accompanied by two hadronic jets with a vector boson scattering topology. The study analyses 137fb1 of proton-proton collisions produced at CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at 13 TeV centre-of-mass energy. Additionally, a prospective study is presented on the longitudinal scattering in the same channel at High-Luminosity (HL) and High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) conditions, corresponding to 14 and 27 TeV centre-of-mass energy, respectively, with full event kinematics simulated. Although this channel is characterised by a fully reconstructable final state, the small cross section of EW signal compared to the QCD-induced background makes it challenging to measure. Efficient identification of final state leptons is essential since efficiencies on their measurement enter the analysis with a power of four. Measurement of electron selection efficiencies and derivation of scale factors for 2016, 2017 and 2018 data-taking periods was performed. Electron identification is done at CMS using the multivariate approach with a multivariate classifier retrained, for all three periods, using the ExtremeGradient Boost software and with electron isolation included in the training. Uncertainties on both electron selection efficiencies and scale factors were reduced across the pT spectrum with special care towards reducing the uncertainties at low pT .The EW signal was extracted at 13 TeV using the Matrix Element Likelihood Approach (MELA) and the performance was cross-checked with the boosted decision tree (BDT) classifier. The EW production of two jets in association with two Z bosons was measured with an observed (expected) significance of 4.0 (3.5) standard deviations. The cross sections for the EW production were measured in three fiducial volumes and is 0:33(+0:11)(stat)(+0:04) (syst) fb in the most inclusive volume, in agreement with the Standard Model (SM) prediction of 0:275 _ 0:021 fb. Limits on the anomalous quartic gauge couplings were derived in terms of EFT operators T0, T1, T2, T8, and T9. The extraction of the longitudinal component of the Z bosons at the HL- and HE-LHC was performed using two multivariate approaches. A combined-background BDT was trained to separate the ZLZL signal from the mixture of ZLZT , ZTZT and QCD-induced backgrounds. In addition, a more complex approach, referred to as the 2D BDT, was designed to increase signal sensitivity. Two BDTs were trained simultaneously to separate the ZLZL signal from the QCD-induced backgrounds and the ZLZL signal from the mixture of ZLZT and ZTZT backgrounds. The effect on signal significance when increasing electron acceptance from j_j = 3 to j_j = 4 was studied as well. With an increased electron acceptance, the longitudinal component is expected to be measured with a significance of 1.4 standard deviations at 14 TeV and with an integrated luminosity of 3000fb1. A measurement of the longitudinal scattering in the ZZ channel is expected at 27 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 15000fb1, with a signal 128 significance of 4.6 standard deviations. With the extended electron acceptance, the first observation is expected with a significance of 5.4 standard deviations. Hence, this study demonstrates a significant benefit of further energy increase at the LHC for understanding the EW sector of the SM.Rad ne sadrži sažetak na drugom jeziku
Computer animation of the Rutherford experiment
No full textTema ovog rada je kroz računalnu animaciju prikazati Rutherfordov eksperiment kojim je dokazano postojanje atomske jezgre te su doneseni novi zaključci o građi atoma. Opisan je sam Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden eksperiment, koja su bila očekivanja te su navedeni dobiveni rezultati. Pobliže su opisana dva softverska paketa: Blender i Unity game engine, njihova glavna svojstva, mogućnosti te izgled sučelja. U Blenderu, verziji 2.92, napravljeni su svi potrebni 3D modeli dok je u Unityju realizirana sama animacija. Opisan je postupak izrade modela, pridjeljivanja materijala te sve potrebne skripte potrebne da bi animacija funkcionirala.The topic of this bachelor thesis is to present Rutherford 's experiment through computer animation. The experiment proved the existence of the atomic nucleus and made new conclusions about the structure of atoms. The Rutherford-Geiger-Marsden experiment is described, it’s expectations and the results obtained are stated. Two software packages are described in more detail: Blender and Unity game engine, their main features, capabilities and interface layout. In Blender, version 2.92, all the necessary 3D models were made, while in Unity the animation itself was realized. The process of creating a model, assigning materials and all the necessary scripts needed for the animation to work is described
Computer animation of the quantum-mechanical tunnel effect
No full textOvaj završni rad temelji se na objašnjenju, te izradi prikaza i animaciji kvantnomehaničkog tunel efekta. Pojava kvantnog tuneliranja pokazuje da je moguć prolazak čestica malih dimenzija (u ovom završnom radu elektrona) kroz potencijalnu barijeru, iako je energija potencijalne barijere veća od kinetičke energije čestica elektrona. U animaciji teže alfa čestice ne prelaze barijeru već se odbijaju od nje. Detaljno su razjašnjene uporabe korištenih programa i metoda. Prikazan je postupak izrade modela u programu Blender i aktivacija i funkcionalnost animacije u programu Unity.This bachelor thesis is based on the explanation, creation of a representation and animation of the quantum-mechanical tunnel effect. The appearance of quantum tunneling shows that it is possible for particles of small dimensions (in this work - electrons) to pass through a potential barrier, although the energy of the potential barrier is greater than the kinetic energy of the electron particles. In the animation, the heavier alpha particles do not cross the barrier but bounce off it. The programs and methods used are explained in detail. The process of creating a model in the Blender program and the activation and functionality of the animation in the Unity program are shown
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