4,713 research outputs found
Milk decrease urinary excretion but not plasma pharmacokinetics of cocoa flavan-3-ol metabolites in humans
No full textPlanning Manufacturing in a Concurrent Engineering Environment: A Case Study
No full textThis paper presents an investigation of current state practice of the
Manufacturing Engineering discipline for concurrent manufacturing planning. The
research adopted a case study approach and has been conducted at a globally
operating manufacturer of aerospace products. The investigation establishes how
information systems and the cross-functional teaming enable integrated processes
for planning the manufacturing method to progress simultaneously with design in
a lean and efficient manner. It applies value stream analysis to understand
where value and non-value is added in these transactional processes
Quality based strategy: modelling for lean manufacturing
No full textThe research develops and applies an integrated methodology for creating a Lean
Manufacturing Environment in a traditional industry: the Portuguese Textile and
Clothing Industry. This is achieved by developing a modelling tool using quality as a
basis of performance assessment.
In the context of the textile industry specific research objectives were: to evaluate
current and potential application of Lean Manufacturing; to determine current
business performance assessment criteria; to determine current practice in formulation
of quality policy and metrics, and their impact on the effectiveness of new production
technologies and techniques; to develop an integrated methodology to link the
variables identified as important for the creation of a Lean Manufacturing
environment; to apply the methodology in selected industrial test sites; and to derive
quality system specifications which allow the realisation of Lean Manufacturing.
The idea proposed in this thesis uses a quality approach to facilitate the application of
Lean Manufacturing to the Textile and Clothing Industry. The author proposes a
model for this evolution. Ile model developed includes objective variables (quality,
productivity, delivery, cost, innovation, and time related elements), as well as
subjective variables (flexibility, technological, and anthropocentric elements). It
assesses the company performance from a Lean perspective, and not only from
traditional Financial or Quality Assurance perspectives. The model development
derived from applied research in 324 companies. A technique based on Data
Envelopment Analysis was developed to analyse data from those companies. It assisted
quantification of Lean Manufacturing assessment.
The research revealed that a particular set of companies, which have implemented
quality assurance systems, are closer to achieving Lean Manufacturing objectives. This
research project concludes with a proposal for new quality system requirements
specifically designed to facilitate the adoption of Lean Manufacturing
MILD combustion: the future for lean and clean combustion technology
No full textThe future of today's society is greatly depending on the energy development. Due to the depletion of fossil fuel and the gradual development of energy generation from renewable sources, energy security becomes an important intergovernmental issue. This paper discusses the energy needs and the new combustion technology that will aid in achieving lean and clean combustion. In 2001, British Petroleum estimated the total natural gas reserves to be 187.5 trillion cubic meters, which can supply up to 7x1015 MJ of energy. The total petroleum reserves can supply up to 1,383 billion barrels which amounts to 8.4x1015 MJ of energy. Due to the increasing population and economic development, these fuel reserves will not last long. Energy efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions are two important and critical issues. The new combustion technology, moderate and intense low oxygen dilution (MILD) combustion provides a feasible solution. MILD, also known as flameless oxidation (FLOX) and high temperature air combustion (HiTAC) was discovered by Wünning in 1989. The thermal efficiency of combustion can be increased by about 30% and NOx emission reduced by 50%. MILD also can be achieved using different types of fuel such as gas fuel, liquid fuel and industrial waste fuel (saw dust). MILD combustion will be an important future combustion technology due to it producing higher efficiency and very low emissions
Dynamics of a Lean Flame Stabilized by Nanosecond Discharges
No full textInternational audienceNon-equilibrium plasmas are known to improve ignition and extend flammability limits. In this study, NRP discharges of 2 mJ are applied at 20 kHz in the recirculation zone of a premixed methane-air bluff-body burner with a lean equivalence ratio of 0.8. The operating point is close to the lean blow out limit and NRP discharges efficiently enhance the combustion process. Discharge effects are investigated and the role of N2(C) is quantified with spectroscopic measurements
Self-compression of 4.9 µm pulses to sub-40 fs with 2 mJ energy in Zinc Sulfide
No full textNonlinear self-compression of few-cycle multi-mJ pulses at 4.9 µm in ZnS is presented. 80 fs input pulses are compressed to 37 fs with 2.1 mJ energy at a 1 kHz repetition rate. © 2024 The Author(s
VLED and formula LED in the management of type 2 diabetes: defining the clinical need and research requirements
No full textIt has been known for many years that substantial weight loss, achieved by bariatric surgery or non-surgical means can mean normalise glucose tolerance. Recent RCT evidence indicates that >15 kg weight loss is necessary, to this and it may lead to near normalisation (doubling) of life expectancy. Less than 5% of patients achieve this through even the best, evidence-based medical weight management programme (Counterweight www.counterweight.org ).
A weight loss of >15 kg is easily achievable by 8 weeks VLED/LELD in compliant patients, with little difference between 400-800 kcal/day, but weight maintenance after VLED has until recently been so poor that VLEDs are not, at present, recommended in clinical guidelines. However, mean weight loss close to >15 kg can be maintained 18-24 months using a variety of maintenance strategies. These include a structured reintroduction of foods linked to an education programme with behavioural strategies, intermittent VLED use and prescribable anti-obesity drugs (dexfenfluramine, orlistat, sibutramine). Most of these studies have been in non-diabetic subjects.
A new “curative” paradigm in T2DM management, aiming to normalise glucose tolerance and health risks by achieving and maintaining >15 kg loss, as soon as possible after diagnosis, should be highly acceptable to patients, generating many additional QALYs. It is likely to be highly cost-effective by avoiding the current recommended, mainly palliative, model, using polypharmacy which provides an overall risk reduction of only 5-10%..
Clinical trials are on-going to establish the feasibility of delivering formula (LELD) and a maintenance programme to large numbers of patients within routine primary care. There is urgent need, to run similar studies in diabetic patients. New approaches to long-term (lifelong) maintenance of weight loss and a non-diabetic state may include anti-obesity drugs
IMPLEMENTASI LEAN MANUFACTURING UNTUK MEMINIMASI WASTE MENGGUNAKAN METODE VALUE STREAM MAPPING PADA PT. MJ DI PASURUAN
No full textPT. MJ merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang memproduksi minuman dalam kemasan gelas. Produk yang dihasilkan PT. MJ ialah minuman teh dalam kemasan gelas dengan merk Seven Tea dan minuman sari asam jawa dalam kemasan gelas dengan merk Asam Jawa. Masalah yang terjadi pada PT. MJ yaitu adanya pemborosan (Waste) dalam proses produksi akibat aktivitas operator. Penelitian ini menggunakan Metode Waste Assessment Model dan Value Stream Mapping, yang melakukan pendekatan menggunakan Analisa kuantitatif deskriptif yaitu Analisa mendalam terkait dengan fakta yang telah ditemukan. Berdasarkan hasil rekapitulasi perhitungan menggunakan metode Waste Assessment dapat diketahui bahwa Waste terbesar yaitu Waste Defect dengan prosentase 21,6% diikuti oleh Waste Overproduction 16,9% diurutan kedua dan selanjutnya Waste Inventory 16,3% diurutan ketiga. Berdasarkan Analisa menggunakan Value Stream Analysis Tools dihasilkan usulan perbaikan untuk masing-masing waste yang terjadi yaitu, penambahan departemen PPIC guna melakukan perencanaan dalam pembelian bahan baku, penjadwalan dalam produksi dan penambahan operator dalam proses penyortiran agar bahan baku yang harus disortir agar lebih teliti sehingga bahan baku yang akan digunakan merupakan bahan baku dengan kualitas yang baik
Reproductive performance of pigs selected for components of efficient lean growth
No full textThis study determined the correlated responses in reproductive performance after five generations of divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth rate in Large White pigs.Data were collected from five generations of pigs divergently selected for daily food intake (DFI), lean food conversion (LFC), lean growth rate on ad-libitum feeding (LGA) and lean growth rate on restricted or scale feeding (LGS). In each selection group, there were high, low and control lines, each consisting of 10 boars and 20 gilts. Animals were mated at around 9.5 months of age. Pregnant gilts were fed 2.5 kg daily and farrowed sows up to 3.5 kg twice daily of a 160 g/kg DM crude protein and 132 MJ/kg DM digestible energy ration. Animals were farrowed at 414 (s.d. 19.7) days of age, on average. No cross fostering was practised. Piglets were offered creep feed containing 235 g/kg DM crude protein and 160 MJ/kg DM digestible energy from 14 days and were weaned at an average of 35 (s.d. 3) days. Litter traits were measured on 1220 selected Large White gilts, with 13030 piglet birth weights and 9951 weaning weights.</jats:p
Relationships between lamb carcass quality traits measured by X-ray computed tomography (CT) and current UK-hill sheep breeding goals.
No full textGenetic parameters were estimated between current UK hill sheep breeding goals and lamb carcass composition and muscularity traits derived using X-ray computed tomography (CT). To produce these estimates, a total of 648 lambs from two hill farms were CT scanned at weaning (ca 120 days of age), over 3 years, and total weights of carcass muscle (MUSC), fat (CFAT) and bone (BONE) and internal fat (IFAT) were predicted. Previously derived muscularity indices were also calculated for the hind leg (HLMI) and lumbar (LRMI) regions, to assess muscle shape. Data for current breeding goals (lamb performance and maternal traits) were also included from a total of 10 297 lamb records and 12 704 ewe records. Heritabilities were estimated for each trait and genetic and phenotypic correlations were calculated between each CT trait and other lamb or ewe traits.Moderate to high positive genetic correlations were found between CT-predicted tissue weights and breeding goals, which were also weights (lamb weaning weight, carcass weight, mature ewe weight, average weight of lambs reared by the ewe). CFAT was positively genetically correlated with ultrasound backfat depth at weaning (UFD) and subjective fatness grade at slaughter (MLCF), suggesting that carcass fat could be decreased using selection on any of these predictors. Ultrasound muscle depth at weaning (UMD) and subjective conformation score at slaughter (MLCC) had high genetic correlations with the muscularity indices (HLMI and LRMI), but correlations with MUSC were not significantly different from zero. This implies that selection to improve MLCC is likely to be increasing the ‘roundness’ of muscle shape in the high-priced carcass region, but having littleimpact on total lean meat yield. Correlations of CT traits with the other ewe traits (number of lambs weaned, number of lambs lost, longevity, fleece weight) were generally small or not significantly different from zero. The genetic parameters generated in this study can now be used in selection index calculations to assess the benefits of including lamb CT traits in future selection programmes for hill sheep
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