1,720,972 research outputs found
A method to Formalise the Rapid Prototyping Process
Get PDFFacing the increasing complexity of the product design area, (reduction of cycle times, introduction of simultaneous engineering, introduction of digital mock-up, ... ) a research department which wants to define a rapid prototyping process is confronted to the problem of the tools’ choice. Therefore, we will propose in this article, a method allowing to conceive such a process. In a first chapter, we present the rapid prototyping area in the product design environment, in a second chapter we will propose our method illustrated by an industrial case
Enriching design with X through tailored additive manufacturing knowledge : a methodological proposal
Get PDFa promising technology and opened up new prospects for the product development. Nevertheless, design methods remain predominantly based on conventional manufacturing processes and AM capabilities need to be better mastered and integrated in the design team. This article questions how a new technology (i.e. AM) can enable product innovation. Thus to support designers in preliminary design, a methodology is introduced. The specificity of this methodology is the use of a tailoredAMknowledge, i.e. a knowledge delivered to the right user at the right time and in the right format, in order to be useful and usable during the creative stages of the design proces
Integrating knowledge on technological innovation in the early design. Application to the context of Additive Manufacturing.
No full textLa Fabrication Additive (FA) vient aujourd’hui bouleverser des habitudes de conception bien ancrées, et suscite dans le même temps un intérêt grandissant pour les perspectives qu’elle offre pour l’innovation produit. Pourtant, alors que les enjeux liés à l’innovation sont prépondérants en conception amont, peu de concepteurs connaissent et utilisent le potentiel des connaissances FA pour développer puis sélectionner des solutions créatives. Dans ce contexte, notre recherche a pour objectif d’augmenter la capacité d’innovation des concepteurs en intégrant des connaissances FA lors de la conception amont. Pour cela nous proposons d’intégrer des connaissances FA explicites dites « au juste besoin », c’est-à-dire dont le contenu, l'instanciation et le support sont adaptés aux besoins des équipes de conception. De plus, nous proposons que cette intégration s’effectue dans un modèle de conception permettant l’approche Design With Additive Manufacturing (DWAM). Nos apports sont la proposition : d’une démarche, basée sur le Knowledge Management, permettant de repérer, capitaliser puis valoriser les connaissances FA au juste besoin ; mais également d’un modèle de conception amont en 3 étapes dans lequel les connaissances FA utiles à l’approche DWAM sont spécifiées. Enfin, ce modèle enrichi est valorisé dans un outil numérique support afin de faciliter le travail collaboratif et concourant.The onset of Additive Manufacturing (AM) upsets design practices and is receiving attention because its potential is promising for product innovation. However, while innovation issues are paramount during early design stages, few designers have sufficient knowledge about AM and use it poorly to develop creative solutions. Thus, our research objective is the increase of the innovation capacity of the design team through the integration of AM knowledge into early design. To do this, we propose to use “just needed” AM knowledge, i.e., AM knowledge whose contents, supports and instancing are tailored to the design team needs. Moreover, we propose that this integration takes place in a design model that allows the Design With Additive Manufacturing (DWAM) approach. Our contributions are both the proposal of a methodology based on Knowledge Management dedicated to the identification, the capitalization and the valorization of the “just needed” AM knowledge; and of a design model in 3 stages, in which the useful for DWAM approach AM knowledge is specified. Finally, this enriched model is valued in a digital tool in order to improve collaborative and concurrent design
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Proposal of a SME organisation design and deployment approach in order to reach organisational performance - Application in medical device industry (EUROS company)
No full textCe mémoire de thèse de doctorat constitue la synthèse des travaux réalisés au sein du Laboratoire de Conception de Produits et d’Innovation (LCPI) et de l’entreprise partenaire EUROS qui fait face à des problématiques organisationnelles sans savoir comment les résoudre. Ce travail explore comment se conçoivent les organisations. Il s’intéresse non pas à la formulation stratégique, même si cette étape constitue un élément important de la définition d’une organisation mais plutôt à la mise en œuvre au sein d’un système organisationnel des choix stratégiques arrêtés préalablement. Après avoir passé en revue un certain nombre de principes généraux qui se dégagent de la documentation récente en matière de principes et enjeux organisationnels, il suggère de considérer la démarche de (re)conception d’une organisation comme celle de (re)conception d’un produit/service en s’appuyant sur les préceptes de l’analyse du besoin, de la valeur, de l’analyse fonctionnelle et de l’analyse des risques. Comme dans tout projet de conception, les solutions d’organisation verticales et horizontales dépendent de l’environnement, des parties prenantes et des moyens associés à toutes les activités incluses dans la stratégie d’entreprise (données d’entrées). Le périmètre associé à la démarche proposée va, par l’intermédiaire d’outils de diffusion, jusqu’au déploiement de l’organisation conçue (équivalent de la commercialisation produit/service) et au contrôle des atteintes des objectifs de performance.This doctoral thesis memory is a synthesis of the studies carried out in Product Design and Innovation Laboratory (LCPI, ParisTech) and in the industrial partner which face organizational issues without knowing how to tackle them. This work explores how the organizations are designed. Even if strategy formulation is an important step in organization definition, this work only focuses on how strategy is executed in organisation design. After reviewing the general principles of organizational concept and challenges that emerge from literature, this memory suggests to consider organizational design approach as product design approach by relying on needs analysis, value analysis, functional analysis and risk analysis precepts. As in product design, vertical and horizontal organizational design solutions depend on the environment, on stakeholder and on the means associated to the activities included in company strategy. Thanks to dissemination tools, the scope associated to this approach includes organizational deployment and performance control
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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