8 research outputs found
Karakteristik Pelabelan Harmonis, Harmonis Ganjil dan Harmonis Genap
No full textPelabelan harmonis pada graf G merupakan fungsi injektif f:V(G)→{0,1,2,3,… ,q - 1}sedemikian sehingga menghasilkan fungsi bijektif f^*: E(G)→{0,1,2,… ,q - 1} dengan f^* (uv)=f(u)+f(v)(mod q), untuk setiap uv ∈ E(G). Salah satu ciri yang menonjol daro graf harmonis yaitu selalu memuat lintasan tertutup. Selain itu, sifat dari pelabelan harmonis pada suatu graf tidaklah unik, sehingga akan terdapat fungsi pelabelan yang lain yang dapat melabeli graf tersebut secara harmonis. Misalkan f merupakan pelabelan harmonis pada graf G, maka fungsi g_f (u)=q-f(u)(mod q) dan fungsi g_f (u)=f(u)+k(mod q) untuk k∈{1,2,3,… ,q - 1} juga merupakan pelabelan harmonis pada graf G. Selain pelabelan harmonis terdapat pula pelabelan harmonis ganjil dan pelabelan harmonis genap. Pelabelan harmonis ganjil pada graf G merupakan fungsi injektif f yang memetakan setiap elemen di V(G) ke himpunan bilangan bulat non-negatif yang kurang dari 2q atau dapat kita tuliskan f: V(G)→{0,1,2,3,… ,2q-1} sedemikian sehingga terdapat fungsi f^* (uv)=f(u)+f(v) dengan f^* (uv)∈{1,3,5,… ,2q-1} untuk setiap uv ∈ E(G). Salah satu ciri dari graf harmonis ganjil yaitu tidak memuat cycle ganjil. Pelabelan harmonis ganjil pada suatu graf juga merupakan pelabelan yang tidak unik. Misalkan f merupakan pelabelan harmonis ganjil pada graf G, maka fungsi sepotong – sepotong g_f (v)=f(v)-1 untuk titik berlabel ganjil dan g_f (v)=f(v)+1 untuk titik berlabel genap juga merupakan pelabelan harmonis ganjil pada graf G. Sedangkan pelabelan harmonis genap yaitu merupakan fungsi injektif f:V(G)→{0,1,2,… ,2q} sedemikian sehingga terdapat fungsi bijektif f^*:E(G)→{0,2,4,… ,2q-2} dengan f^* (uv)=f(u)+f(v)(mod 2q) untuk setiap uv∈E(G). Misalkan f merupakan pelabelan harmonis genap pada graf G, maka fungsi g_f (u)=q-f(u)(mod q) dan fungsi g_f (u)=f(u)+q (mod 2q) juga merupakan pelabelan harmonis genap pada graf GDr. Kristiana Wijaya, S.Si., M.Si. , Ikhsanul Halikin, S.Pd., M.Si
خطوط بنام رئیس احمد جعفری
No full textThis article presents a selection of letters written to Syed Raees Ahmad Jafri, author of more than 150 books. These letters were written by different scholars such as Syed Abu al-Hasan Ali Nadvi, Moinuddin Ahmad Nadvi, Saeed Ahamd Akbarabadi, Abdul Quddoos Hashmi and Ghulam Jilani Barq. The letters not only shed light on Jafri's academic interests but also highlight important facts about his life
Identity and Alienation in Hassan Hamid’s Novels
No full textيهدف هذا البحث إلى التعرف إلى الآلية التي وظَّف بها الروائي حسن حميد موضـوع الهويـة والاغتراب في رواياته الأدبية. لذلك قام الباحث بعمل دراسة فنية تحليلية لعدد من نصوصه الروائية تحاول تقديم تصور واضح يقارب اهتمام الكاتب بهذا الموضوع وأثره في الواقع الفلسطيني
. وقد بدأ البحث بتناول مفهوم الهوية لغة واصطلاحا، وتجلياتهما في أربع من روايات حسن حميد وفق صدورها الزمني وهي: تعالي نطير، أوراق الخريف، و جسر بنات يعقوب و النهر بقمصان الشتاء ومدينة االله ). ثم تناول الباحث مفهوم الاغتراب لغة واصطلاحا، وتجلياته في روايتين للكاتب همـا : (تعـالي نطير أوراق الخريف) (و النهر بقمصان الشتاء ). وفي الدراسة الفنية أبرز البحث العديد من الجوانب الفنية للعناصر الروائية في روايات حسـن حميد، وقدمها بلغة واقعية وجمالية. ومن النتائج التي توصل إليها البحث أن الهوية الوطنية الفلسطينية ثمة واضحة فـي روايـات حسن حميد الأدبية، وأن هواجس المنفى والاغتراب تحضر بزخم في هذه الروايات، التـي نجـح الكاتب في توظيفها. كما يتميز حسن حميد في رواياته بلغة شاعرية عالية، ويكثر من الوصف وعرف إلى حد مـا كيف يقيم توازناً بين مضمون الروايات وشكلها الفني
This study aims at identifying the method by which the novelist Hassan Hamid
addressed the issue of identity and alienation in his literary novels.
The researcher; thus, has carried out an analytical technical study of a number of
Hamid’s narratives, in an attempt to provide a clear vision similar to his interest in this
subject and its impact on the Palestinian situation.
The study has addressed the concept and the manifestation of identity in four novels of
Hassan Hamid, in a chorological order, namely: (Come! Lets’ Fly Autumn Leaves),
(Bridge of Jacob’s Girls), (A River in Winter’s Shirts) and (Ramallah City).
Then, the researcher has addressed the concept and the manifestation of alienation in
two novels of the author Hassan Hamid, namely: (Come! Lets’ Fly Autumn Leaves) and
(A River in Winter’s Shirts).
The technical study has also highlighted several technical aspects of the narrative
elements of Hasan Hamid’s novels, and has also presented them in a realistic and literary
language.
The study found out that the Palestinian national identity is a clear theme in Hamid’s
novels, and that the presentiments of exile and alienation are clearly manifested in these
novels which the author has successfully addressed.
Hassan Hamid’s novels are characterized by highly poetic language and rich
description, and he also balanced between the content and artistic form of his novels
Konflik Batin Tokoh Utama Dalam Novel Orang-Orang Proyek Karya Ahmad Tohari: Tinjauan Psikologi Sastra Dan Implementasinya Sebagai Bahan Ajar Sastra Di SMA
No full textThis study aims to (1) describe Ahmad Tohari's sociohistorical background as the author of the Orang Orang Orang Project novel, (2) describe the structure that builds Ahmad Tohari's Orang Orang Project novel, (3) describes the inner conflict of the main characters in the Orang Orang novel. - Ahamd Tohari's Project with Literary Psychology review, (4) describes its implementation in Ahamd Tohari's People's Project novel by studying literature in high school. This research uses descriptive qualitative method with the object of research is the inner conflict of the main characters in the novel Orang Orang Orang Project. Data collection is carried out by using library, listening and note taking techniques. The validity of the data uses the theory triangulation technique. Data analysis technique is done by the heuristic and hermeneutic methods. The results of this study are (1) Amad Tohari, born in Tinggarjaya, Jatinegara, Banyumas Regency on June 13, 1948. Ahmad Tohari was raised in Purwokerto. Ahmad Tohari's published works in the form of novels, collection of short stories, a collection of screenplay scripts (2) the structure of the novel Project People, among others, The theme is in situations and circumstances as difficult as any, idealism and honesty must always be upheld, novel Project People this raises the problems and struggles of a person in upholding justice in conditions that are full of fraud. Story facts, a) the plot used is the forward plot, b) the main character is Kabul, c) the setting in which this manuscript is the setting is located between the provinces of West Java and Central Java, the time frame occurred from 1991 to the end of 1992, the setting social Javanese society because the story also takes place in rural areas in Central Java., (3) inner conflict main characters of the People of the Project there are three types of inner conflict namely approach-approach conflict (approach-approach conflict) approach-approach conflict (approach -avoidance conflict) and conflict avoidance-avoidance conflict, (4) this study is in accordance with the criteria for the selection of teaching materials namely a) aspects of language, b) aspects of psychology, c) aspects of student background so that they are relevant to their implementation as material teaching in grade XI high school in accordance with KD 3.11 analyzing messages from fiction books that are read
STUDI KOMPARASI PEMIKIRAN K.H. AHMAD DAHLAN DAN K.H. HASYIM ASY’ARI TENTANGPENDIDIKAN ISLAM
No full textThe goal of this study is to develop Islamic education through a series of studies
on the thinking of K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari about Islamic
education. The author brings back the thoughts of the two figures, because both are wellknown
icons of thousands of Muslim intellectual figures, whose lives are preoccupied to
fight for Islamic education. On this basis the author later raised the title of a comparative
study of K.H's thought. Ahmad Dahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari about Islamic
education. Belong to that basis the title of a comparative study through the through of
K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari about Islamic education. The author hope
that he conception of Islamic education offered by the two figures is able to inspire
elements of education implementers.
The focus of the problem in this study is (1) Islamic education thinking according
to K.H. Ahamd Dahlan, (2) Islamic education thought according to K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari,
and (3) Comparative thinking of K.H. Ahmad Dahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy’ari about
Islamic education This reseachuses a descriptive qualitative approach to the type of
library research. Data collection is done by exploring the sources of literature conducted
in three stages, namely orientation, exploration, and focused research phase. Data
analysis techniques include determining the theme, looking for a logical relationship
between the thoughts of the character in various fields so that reasons can be found
regarding these thoughts, classifying, looking for generalizations of specific ideas.
The results showed that: (1) K.H. Ahmad Dahlan tried to make a new
breakthrough by creating schools that integrate religious studies and general subjects at
the same time, so that they are expected to become "intellectual scholars and intellectual
scholars". (2) K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari taught the religious sciences, Arabic, and included
general subjects such as mathematics and earth sciences, from the low to the high levels,
as evidenced by the construction of the Tebuireng Islamic Boarding School which
produced great scholars. (3) The concept of education produced by the two figures is
agreed that the basis or foundation of Islamic education must return to the primary
sources of Muslims, namely the Qur'an and Hadith, while the differences seen from the
two figures are about the objectives, curriculum, methods and evaluation of Islamic
education. The concept of Education is K.H. AhmadDahlan and K.H. Hasyim Asy'ari is
still relevant when applied to education today because it contains universal-minded
education
Protective efficacy by a novel multi-epitope vaccine, including MIC3, ROP8, and SAG1, against acute Toxoplasma gondii infection in BALB/c mice
No full textToxoplasma gondii is an intracellular apicomplexan parasite, which can cause a serious infectious disease in pregnant women and immunocompromised individuals. Therefore, the development of a polyvalent vaccine consisting of all stages of the parasite life cycle using the epitopes from tachyzoites, bradyzoites, and sporozoites is likely to be required for complete protective immunity. In this study, we designed protein vaccine candidate based on the prediction of specific epitopes (i.e., B cell and T cell) from three Toxoplasma gondii antigens. The MRS protein (MIC3: 30–180, ROP8: 85–185, and SAG1: 85–235) was expressed in Escherichia coli, and purification was performed using a HisTrap HP column and then we evaluated immunogenicity and protective property in BALB/c mice. Seventy-two mice were randomly divided into six groups, including three vaccinations (i.e., MRS, MRS-Freund, and MRS-Calcium Phosphate Nanoparticles (MRS-CaPNs)) and three control (i.e., Phosphate-buffered saline, Freund, and CaPNs) groups. All groups were immunized three times via subcutaneous injection within three-week intervals. In the vaccination groups, the BALB/c mice were injected with 20 μg of MRS protein for the first time and 10 μg of MRS for the next two times. Antibodies, cytokines, and splenocytes proliferation in the immunized mice were assayed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Protective efficacy was analyzed by challenging the immunized mice with T. gondii of RH strain. Antibody, cytokine, and lymphocyte proliferation assays showed that the mice immunized with MRS induced stronger humoral and T helper type 1 cell-mediated immune responses, compared to the control mice. However, co-immunization with adjuvants (i.e., Freund and CaNPs) resulted in impaired immune responses. Effective protection against the parasite achieved an increase in survival time in the immunized mice, especially in the MRS-CaNPs group. The obtained results of the present study demonstrated that multi-epitope protein vaccination, MRS, is a potential strategy against toxoplasmosis infection. In addition, the vaccine co-delivered with CaPNs could provide an important key for vaccine candidate to control T. gondii infection. © 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Author keywords
Calcium phosphate; Freund; Multi-epitope; Protein vaccine; Toxoplasma gondi
A reappraisal of attitudes to the 'People of the Book' in the Qur'an and hadith, with particular reference to Muslim fiscal policy and the covenant of 'Umar
No full textEThOS - Electronic Theses Online ServiceGBUnited Kingdo
