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The worldwide prevalence of intestinal helminthic parasites among food handlers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkFood handlers have a major role in transmission of food-borne parasitic infections including intestinal helminths.
The objective of the present study was to assess the global prevalence of intestinal helminthic parasites among
food handlers. Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, Science Direct and Google
Scholar) were searched for literature published from 1990 to 2022. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the
meta-package in R (version 3.6.1). One hundred twenty seven articles, including 220,705 individuals, were
considered in this study. The global pooled prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 0.115% (0.091% -
0.141%). The highest pooled prevalence was reported from Africa (0.160%, 0.124%–0.210%). The most prevalent helminth was Ascaris lumbricoides (0.062%, 0.047%–0.079%). Moreover, among different countries, Ghana
had the highest pooled prevalence (0.496%, 0–1.000%). This study revealed a high prevalence of intestinal
helminths among food handlers. Routine parasitological investigation, food safety and personal sanitation
training are recommended to prevent intestinal helminths transmitted by food handlers
بررسی تأثیر اجرای تیم واکنش سریع پرستاری بر پیامد بیماران مالتیپل تروما(ترومای سر و تروماهای باز) مراجعهکننده به اورژانس مرکز آموزشی درمانی طالقانی شهر کرمانشاه در سال 1401-02
Full text linkEvaluation of Authenticity in Honey Samples from Qazvin, Iran
Full text linkABSTRACT: Adulteration of honey is a major problem in the world, due to its high nutritional value and the
expensive cost of honey. Thus, the quality of honey produced in different regions must be assessed to protect the
rights of consumers. The study aims to investigate the physicochemical (hydroxymethylfurfural: HMF, moisture, ash,
electrical conductivity, pH, total acidity, diastase activity, and reduction sugar), and microbiological (clostridium
perfringens, molds, and osmotolerant yeasts) parameters of 43 honey samples. All the honey samples were collected
from Qazvin province, Iran. Our results demonstrate that pH and acidity values in all of the honey samples were in the
accepted limit and other physicochemical parameters include HMF (44.18%), reduction sugar (9.30%), moisture
(2.32%), sucrose (53.48%), diastase activity (58.13%), fructose/glucose ratio (25.58%), electrical conductivity
(9.30%) and ash (4.65%) were below the acceptable quality level. All the honey samples were in the acceptable range
in terms of microbial quality (yeast, fungi and, Clostridia). All the honey samples are within expected microbial levels
but in non-standard physicochemical conditions. Our results indicate that you can use fast, inexpensive and safe tests
for identifying the adulteration in a variety of honeys (commercial and non-commercial). These measurements should
be widely practiced by governmental organizations determine a fair and reasonable price for each product
Forensic Gender Determination by Using Mandibular Morphometric Indices an Iranian Population: A Panoramic Radiographic Cross-Sectional Study
Full text linkAbstract: Gender determination is the first step in forensic identification, followed by age and height
determination, which are both affected by gender. This study assessed the accuracy of gender estimation using mandibular morphometric indices on panoramic radiographs of an Iranian population.
This retrospective study evaluated 290 panoramic radiographs (145 males and 145 females). The
maximum and minimum ramus width, coronoid height, condylar height, antegonial angle, antegonial depth, gonial angle, and the superior border of mental foramen were bilaterally measured
as well as bicondylar and bigonial breadths using Scanora Lite. Correlation of parameters with
gender was analyzed by univariate, multiple, and best models. All indices except for gonial angle
were significantly different between males and females and can be used for gender determination
according to univariate model. Condylar height, coronoid height, and superior border of mental
foramen and ramus were still significantly greater in males than in females after controlling for
the effect of confounders (p < 0.05). Based on the best model, a formula including five indices of
bicondylar breadth, condylar height, coronoid height, minimum ramus width, and superior border
of mental foramen was used for gender determination. Values higher than 56% indicate male gender,
while lower values indicate female gender, with 81.38% specificity for correct detection of females
and 88.97% sensitivity for correct detection of males. Despite the satisfactory results, future research
should focus on larger populations to verify the accuracy of the present findings
In Vitro Activity of Fosfomycin on Multidrug‑Resistant Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca Causing Urinary Tract Infection
Full text linkWith the emergence of multi-drug resistant strains among Klebsiella isolates, the use of old drugs such as fosfomycin has
been considered. In this context, we investigated the efect of fosfomycin on bioflm-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Klebsiella oxytoca strains isolated from ICU patients. A total of 90 isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and 30 isolates of
Klebsiella oxytoca were collected from the ICU ward. All isolates were confrmed by biochemical and genotypic methods.
Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disc difusion method and for fosfomycin and colistin, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was done using micro broth dilution. The presence of the beta-lactamase encoding genes, bioflmrelated genes, and fosfomycin resistance-related genes was detected by PCR. Finally, for fosfomycin-resistant isolates, we
determined the sequence type by the MLST method. Sensitivity rate to fosfomycin in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella
oxytoca isolates was 92.2% and 100%, respectively. Fosfomycin was the most active antimicrobial agent with 96% sensitivity
among all tested antibiotics. All tested isolates could produce bioflm. The frequency of bioflm-related genes for Klebsiella
pneumoniae was as follows: 95.5% fmH, 86.6% mrkD, 77.7% mrkA, and 50% wcaG. The frequency of these genes for Klebsiella oxytoca was as follows: 56.6% fmA, 46.6% mrkA, 93.3% matB, and 90% pilQ. Only 4.4% of Klebsiella pneumoniae
isolates showed resistance to fosfomycin, and the fosA gene was detected in all of them. Our results showed that fosfomycin
efectively inhibits multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca
Isolation of new Klebsiella pneumoniae phage PSKP16
Full text linkBackground and Objectives: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a clinically relevant opportunistic pathogen belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. It is in the top three bacteria associated with antimicrobial resistance deaths globally, and one of the
most dangerous bacteria causing nosocomial infections. Phage therapy offers a potential option for the treatment of drug-resistant bacterial infections.
Materials and Methods: Phage PSKP16 was isolated against K. pneumoniae, capsular type K2 (isolated from a wound
infection). PSKP16 is a new lytic phage with a Siphovirus-like morphology.
Results: PSKP16 is a linear double stranded DNA phage with a GC content of 50% and genome size of 46,712 bp, for which
we predicted 67 ORFs. PSKP16 belongs to the genus Webervirus and shows high evolutionary proximity to Klebsiella phages JY917, Sushi, and B1.
Conclusion: Phage isolation is fast, cheap and efficient, but it requires time and characterization (which adds expense) to
ensure that the isolated phages do not pose a health risk, which is essential to safely use phage therapy to treat life-threatening
bacterial infections
Global prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among food handlers: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkFood handlers with improper personal hygiene practices have a significant role in transmitting foodborne parasites, including intestinal protozoa. The current systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the
global prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites among food handlers. Multiple databases (PubMed, Scopus,
Pro-Quest, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) were explored for relevant literature published
from 1988 to April 2022. Pooled prevalence was estimated using the meta-package in R (version 3.6.1). One
hundred thirty-eight papers, including 259,364 individuals, were considered in this study. The global pooled
prevalence (95% confidence interval) was 0.143% (0.118–0.170%). The highest pooled prevalence was observed
in the Western Pacific WHO Region (0.318%, 0–1.000%). The most prevalent protozoa was Blastocystis hominis
(0.077%, 0.046–0.115%). Moreover, among different countries, Gambia had the highest pooled prevalence
(0.501%, 0.459–0.544%). The prevalence of intestinal protozoan parasites estimated in the present study
revealed that food handlers highly impact the global population. Periodic stool screening is necessary for food
handlers to prevent intestinal protozoan infection. Additionally, a health education programme to raise
awareness regarding food hygiene is recommended
Effects of Oral Use of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. on the Genitourinary Laboratory Findings in Postmenopausal Women: A Randomized, DoubleBlind Clinical Trial
Full text linkBackground: Vaginal microbiota are believed to profoundly impact the overall quality of life. Moreover, reduced levels of
circulating estrogen are responsible for the majority of the changes in the genital tract in postmenopausal women. Accordingly,
the present study aimed to investigate the effects of E. angustifolia (EA) on the genitourinary system in postmenopausal women.
Methods: In this double-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we randomly assigned 58 postmenopausal women to one
of the two medicinal herb-receiving (15 g of whole EA fruit powder) and placebo-receiving (7.5 g of isomalt+7.5 g of cornstarch)
groups. Initially and after 10 weeks of the treatment, urinalysis, vaginal microbial culture, and vaginal pH measurement were
carried out. This study was registered in the Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials with the code of IRCT20170227032795N4.
Additionally, qualitative and quantitative data were analyzed using the Chi-square and the ANCOVA tests, respectively.
Results: The findings revealed that a 10-week treatment with EA had no significant effects on urine pH (5.733±1.014; P=0.728),
specific gravity (1.022±0.006; P=0.438), as well as the count of red blood cells (1.533±2.562; P=0.080), white blood cells
(3.750±7.109; P=0.349), and epithelial cells (2.116±1.798; P=0.595), and the qualitative parameters, including protein (P=0.612),
blood (P=0.261), nitrite (P=0.483), bacteria (P=0.179), and mucus (P=0.564).
Conclusion: Oral consumption of EA did not significantly change the studied parameters. Thus, further studies with larger
sample sizes, longer duration, subjects of different age groups, and other routes of administration could be suggested
Gastrointestinal Parasites of Domestic Mammalian Hosts in Southeastern Iran
Full text linkAbstract: Gastrointestinal parasites (GIP) are a major cause of disease and production loss in livestock.
Some have zoonotic potential, so production animals can be a source of human infections. We
describe the prevalence of GIP in domestic mammals in Southeastern Iran. Fresh fecal samples
(n = 200) collected from cattle (n = 88), sheep (n = 50), goats (n = 23), camels (n = 30), donkeys
(n = 5), horse (n = 1), and dogs (n = 3) were subjected to conventional coprological examination for
the detection of protozoan (oo)cysts and helminth ova. Overall, 83% (166/200) of the samples were
positive for one or more GIP. Helminths were found in dogs, donkeys, sheep (42%), camels (37%),
goats (30%), and cattle (19%), but not in the horse. Protozoa were found in cattle (82%), goats (78%),
sheep (60%), and camels (13%), but not in donkeys, dogs, or the horse. Lambs were 3.5 times more
likely to be infected by protozoa than sheep (OR = 3.5, 95% CI: 1.05–11.66), whereas sheep were at
higher odds of being infected by helminths than lambs (OR = 4.09, 95% CI: 1.06–16.59). This is the
first study assessing the prevalence of GIP in domestic mammals in Southeastern Iran