1,720,970 research outputs found
(33(2):159-168)Extraction of Leaf Protein concentrate from Sisal (Agava sisalan)
No full text瓊麻（Agava sisalan）葉片及其製麻麻渣中含有6-9%粗蛋白，其中以水溶性及碱溶性蛋白質佔大部分，約為純蛋白質之85%。葉蛋白之抽出則以水及0.03-0.1N 氫氧化鈉溶液為最佳溶媒。加稀鹽酸調節pH 值至3.5-4.0，則為較適宜之蛋白質凝聚法。蛋白質回收率依原料不同而異，鮮瓊麻葉片，濕式製麻麻渣及乾式製麻麻渣分別為47%、66%及30%。
經一般成分及胺基酸組成分析結果發現，瓊麻濃縮葉蛋白之粗蛋白質含量28.4%，粗脂肪30.2%，粗纖維4.5%，灰分8.8%；必須胺基酸中則以羥丁胺酸及蛋胺酸含量稍低。將葉蛋白產品再經脫脂處理後可使粗蛋白質含量提高至38%。抽取蛋白後之殘渣仍含有多量粗纖維及碳水化合物。
The leaves of sisal (Agava sisalan) and its fiber residue contained 5-9% crude protein. Most of them were water soluble (albumin) and alkaline soluble (glutelin) protein, about 85% of simple protein. The best solvent of leaf protein extraction were water and dilute alkaline solution. The suitable coagulation method for sisal protein is that adjust pH value to the range of 3.5 to 4.0 with dilute hydrochloric acid. The recovery of protein for fresh sisal leaves, wet fiber residue and dried fiber residue were 47%, 66% and 30%, respectively.
According to the chemical analysis and amino acid composition, the sisal LPC was found containing 28.4% crude protein, 30.2% crude fat, 4.5% crude fiber, 8.8% ash and less threonine and methionine.
Residues of protein extraction contained much more crude fiber and carbohydrate. Defat treatment could make the protein content of sisal LPC increased to 38%
(35(2):180-185)Gross Composition of Four Hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hoemsl) at Different Growth Stages
No full text以4個仙草品種為材料，於移值後120、150、180及190天分別收穫，以探討生育期長短對仙草莖葉主成份含量變化之影響。試驗結果發現仙草莖葉之粗蛋白質含量隨著生長日數增進而降低，但脂肪含量與纖維含量則隨著生長日數增進而增加。可溶性無氮物（Nitrogen free extract）和乾物質（Dry matter）含量於180天生長期較高。因此，以可溶性無氮物及乾物質含量作為仙草採收指標，則其最適採收期，應當於移植後180天為佳，不需待至植株花蕾形成期。
Four varieties of hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsl), i. e., small leaf runner type, small leaf bunch type, big leaf bunch type, and big leaf runner type, were harvested on the 120th, 150th, 180th and 190th day after transplanting. Gross composition of stems and leaves were analyzed and compared at these different growth stages.
The results showed that crude protein content in the stems and leaves of hsian-tsao varieties all decreased during the developing stages. However, the crude fat and crude fiber content increased with the advance of maturity. Compared with the results of another three harvest days, both the NFE (nitrogen free extract) and dry matter cotnents were much higher on the 180th day, which could be used as the best harvest time. It is not necessary to harvest the leaves and stems until the formation of flower buds, because generative development of hsian-tsao plants could have some detrimental effect on vegetative growth both quantitatively and qualitatively
(36(2):207-215)Study on the Leaf Protein Concentrate from Sweet Potato
No full text甘藷葉是蔬菜的一種，甘藷藤葉則為傳統的養豬飼料；因此在食用安全性上，以甘藷藤葉所製成之濃縮葉蛋白較其它非食用植物莖葉之葉蛋白可靠無虞。
以切碎、石磨研磨及揉壓法抽取葉蛋白時可以克服漿汁難過濾的問題。使用原料2.5倍量0.01N銨水抽取葉蛋自為最適宜。加鹽酸調pH值至3.5或4.0，均可得到最大的蛋白質收量，不過加熱至 50℃ 的沈澱法較為經濟可行，且較少污染。
風乾與真空凍結乾燥產品有相似的組成，粗蛋白質在35%以上，粗脂肪12% ，纖維2.5%，灰分7%，葉綠素1%，消化率約69%。以丙酮脫水乾燥所得產品性狀近似真空凍結乾燥者，惟顏色呈淡綠色；粗脂肪減至0.87%，葉綠素減少至0.2%，反之，粗蛋白質含量增加至41%。
除了作為高蛋白質資源外，甘藷濃縮葉蛋白富含鈣質，含量在2%以上，為食物中所少見的高鈣質食品，適宜開發為良好的鈣質補充劑。
The vine and leaves of sweet potato is a traditional swine feedstuff in China; also the young leaves is used as vegetable. No toxic material existed in that had been re-ported. So, the Leaf Protein Concentrate made from sweet potato is supposed to be more safety than other plants.
By using the method of crushing, stone milling and pressing the fresh or air-dried vine and leaves with 2.5 fold (v/w) 0.01N ammonia water to extracting leaf protein, that could get over the problem of filtration caused by gelatineous material, and the extracting efficiency was best. Adjusting the pH of extract to 3.5 or 4.0 with HCI could get the maximum LPC yield, so did the treatment of heating extract to 50°C.
Air dried and freezed vacuum dried LPC had the similiar composition and dense green color. Crude protein content was about 35%, crude fat 12%, crude fiber 2.5%, ash 7%, chlorophyll 1% and pepsin digestibility 69%. The product with acetone dehydration had similliar characters as the freezed vacuum dried one, except its color was pale green the crude fat content decreased to 0.87%, chlorophyll diminished to 0.2%. But the protein content increased to 41%.
The LPC sweet potato was not only abundant in protein but also was full of calcium (about 2%). So it could be a good Ca and protein supplementary food
(34(2):157-163)The Effect of Variety and Transplanting Date on The Yield and Gross Composition of Hsian-tsao(Mesona procumbens)
No full text以4 個仙草品種，分3 月16 日及4 月16 日二期移植，探討不同移植期對該等品種之農藝性狀，產量及主要化學成份含量之影響，結果顯示在二移植期公頃平均乾草量，小葉匍匐種（A）為4,529kg，小葉直立種（B）為5,043kg ，大葉直立種（C）為4,735kg 及大葉匍匐種（D）為6,915kg。但就移植期別加以探討，發現A 、C 和D 三品種第一移植期較第二移植期高產，尤以D 品種在第一期移植公頃乾草量6,932kg 為最高。另就仙草主要化學成份分析結果，發現品種間之可溶性無氮物（NFE）含量差異不大。至於影響仙草凍凝膠強度，可能因品種間之葉量百分率高低有關之假說，經就化學成份分析顯示並未被證實。
Four varieties (A-small leaf runner type; B-small leaf bunch type; C-big leaf bunch type; D-big leaf runner type) of hsian-tsao (Mesona procumbens Hemsi) were transplanted on March 16 (S1) and April 16 (S2) 1984 to evaluate the effect of variety and transplanting date on the agronomic characters, dry grass weight and gross composition. Based on the average of 2 transplanting dates, variety A, B, C and D produced 4529, 5043, 4735 and 6915 kg/ha dry grass, respectively. More yield was observed in transplanting date S1 than S2 in varieties A, C, and D. The highest yield was observed in variety D transplanted on S1 which produced 6932 kg/ha of dry grass. There were not many differences in nitrogen free extract among 4 varieties. We failed to confirm the hypothesis that Gelforming strength is positively -correlated to the leaf percentage of the plants by the analysis of gross composition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
