1,720,965 research outputs found
Interazioni interculturali in visite oncologiche: un confronto quali-quantitativo delle pratiche comunicative centrate sul paziente italiano e con background migratorio
Get PDFIl presente contributo indaga le pratiche comunicative realizzate nell’ambito di incontri oncologici videoregistrati, focalizzandosi sull’osservazione, l’analisi e il confronto della comunicazione centrata sul paziente (PCC) realizzata tra oncologi e pazienti nati in Italia e pazienti con background migratorio. La ricerca, dichiaratamente inquadrata nella prospettiva della psicologia culturale (Vygotskij, 1990; Cole, 1996; Zucchermaglio, 2002; Mantovani, 2008b), ha permesso di costruire ONCode (Alby, Lauriola, Marino, Zucchermaglio & Fatigante, 2021), uno strumento di codifica della comunicazione in oncologia, sensibile a cogliere i comportamenti comunicativi centrati sul paziente e co-costruiti dai partecipanti alle visite. Queste ultime rappresentano una peculiare ecologia in cui è possibile studiare la multidimensionalità dei fenomeni interattivi che si realizzano dentro i processi di cura. L’attività comunicativa che si dispiega nel corso delle visite oncologiche è un fenomeno complesso ma che costituisce una parte fondante del lavoro clinico del medico e della relazione di cura. Il discorso rappresenta infatti, in questo senso, lo strumento principale, attraverso cui si costruisce la relazione medico-paziente e si raggiungono gli obiettivi terapeutici e per questo diventa in questa sede il principale oggetto di indagine scientifica. La ricerca si pone come un contributo complesso, innovativo e di confine tra metodi e tecniche di analisi. A partire dal rovesciamento di paradigma per cui l’analisi qualitativa esplora fenomeni oggetto di interesse scientifico, successivamente approfonditi e indagati quantitativamente per mezzo di analisi statistiche, il presente contributo si propone l’indagine scientifica con il metodo inverso. In un’ottica circolare lo studio sfrutta la cornice teorica di riferimento per costruire uno strumento in grado di restituire una misura della qualità della PCC. A loro volta le misure divengono il dato oggetto di analisi statistiche in grado di restituire informazioni sull’intero gruppo dei partecipanti, pazienti e medici inclusi. I risultati significativi emergenti dalle analisi statistiche infine, vengono utilizzati come punto di partenza per approfondire in una prospettiva situata fenomeni interattivi. Mediante l’uso dell’analisi della conversazione istituzionale si restituisce complessità e densità ai fenomeni interattivi indagati, cogliendone così le peculiarità e la ricchezza.
Lo studio ha coinvolto una unità operativa complessa di un ospedale romano di medie dimensioni, scelto per il grande afflusso di utenza con background migratorio e ha previsto una approfondita etnografia organizzativa (Bruni, 2003; Mantovani & Spagnolli, 2003), l’intervista al primario dell’unità operativa complessa e la videoregistrazione di visite oncologiche condotte da otto differenti oncologi e oncologhe. Per questo contributo, sono state prese in analisi 42 videoregistrazioni di visite oncologiche (rispettivamente 20 svolte con pazienti con background migratorio e 22 con pazienti italiani) distinte in prime visite oncologiche post-chirurgiche e visite di follow-up. Gli obiettivi della ricerca riguardano: la costruzione e la validazione di ONCode; la descrizione, l’analisi e la comparazione della comunicazione centrata sul paziente tra medici e pazienti italiani e medici e pazienti con background migratorio attraverso l’utilizzo dello strumento validato e analisi qualitative su aspetti emergenti della PCC dalle analisi statistiche effettuate. La ricerca evidenzia che non vi sono differenze nella PCC in relazione all'appartenere al gruppo dei pazienti italiani o con background migratorio; le differenze piuttosto dipendono dal tipo di visita e dalle caratteristiche dell'oncologo che conduce l'incontro. Inoltre i risultati delle analisi statistiche svolte evidenziano ripetutamente l'impatto delle interruzioni nel corso degli incontri oncologici. Per approfondire la relazione tra iniziative dei pazienti e interruzioni della visita è stato quindi condotto uno studio qualitativo delle interruzioni che ha evidenziato non solo la specifica struttura di tale fenomeno interattivo ma soprattutto ha consentito di individuare ed esplorare una serie di attività comunicative che i pazienti (e accompagnatori se presenti) mettono in atto a seguito delle sospensioni dell'incontro.
I pazienti e i loro accompagnatori infatti utilizzerebbero tali occasioni come veri e propri "trampolini interattivi" utili a mantenere continuità pragmatica dell'interazione (al pari dell'oncologo) e soprattutto per mettere in atto azioni comunicative complesse come ritornare su narrazioni o argomenti di suo interesse e/o proporre topic slegati da quelli trattati in precedenza rilevanti per il paziente, da cui può si accede a una diversa fase della visita o può iniziare una nuova conversazione con l'oncologo. Questa gamma di azioni comunicative vengono illustrate nel dettaglio mediante estratti discorsivi che consentono di restituire al lettore una approfondita comprensione del fenomeno indagato, soprattutto per i pazienti con background migratorio
Il genere in psicologia sociale: questioni epistemologiche e metodologiche
No full textNella ricerca sul genere, la proposta di una prospettiva teorica innovativa si è accompagnata a una riflessione critica sull’approccio cognitivo mainstream e sulla sua caratterizzazione di genere, il cosiddetto malestream. Tale riflessione rinvia ad alcuni importanti nodi di tipo socio-politico, ma anche di tipo epistemologico e metodologico. Il genere, infatti, si pone come uno dei più chiari esempi di conoscenza socialmente costruita, il che chiama in causa il complesso dibattito sul realismo e in particolare la questione dell’essenzialismo. Il dibattito realizzato al riguardo, anche in sofferta e complessa interazione con gli sviluppi del pensiero femminista, ha evidenziato i limiti di un approccio costruzionista radicale e le potenzialità delle diverse forme di realismo critico, che consentono di valorizzare in modo opportuno tanto la dimensione costruttiva del linguaggio quanto le prospettive di cambiamento sociale politicamente orientate. Sul versante metodologico, nel quadro generale del confronto fra metodi quantitativi e qualitativi, si può evidenziare come la ricerca sul genere, e in particolare quella sviluppata a partire dalla psicologia femminista, abbia contribuito a chiarire alcuni aspetti cruciali della ricerca psico-sociale, quali la soggettività del ricercatore, la riflessività, il ruolo del contesto, il tema del potere nelle relazioni ricercatori-ricercati, mettendo in evidenza tuttavia anche i possibili limiti di alcune impostazioni di tipo qualitativo e costruzionista, delle quali non siano stati esplicitati a sufficienza i presupposti di carattere epistemologico e le ricadute in termini operativi
Taking stock of the literature in the thematic field of “Social Representations, Economy, Advertising, Marketing and Organizational Contexts”
No full textPart of a larger research project, launched by de rosa in 1994, aimed at performing the meta-theoretical analysis of the scientific literature published on Social Representations Theory, and representing the unified framework of the EC-funded project (ITN-PeopleMSCA-IDP 2013, no. 6072799 http://www.europhd.eu/SoReComJointIDP).
The analysis of the big data and meta-data enables researchers to take stock of the scientific field developed in more than 50 years by providing information about the current level of development of the theory (de Rosa, A.S. 2015b; Wachelke et al., 2015).
Objective: The purposes of the meta-theoretical study (de Rosa, 1994, 2013; de Rosa & d’Ambrosio 2003, 2008; Paterson, 2001) are (a) to develop a framework for studying social representations in the mentioned thematic field; (b) to analyze the research methods used for study; (c) to prescribe solutions for increasing the predictive value of the theory; and (e) to create an integrated body of knowledge related to the thematic field of Social Representations, Economy, Advertising, Marketing and Organizational Contexts. The main research question guiding the study is: “What is the impact of the Social Representations Theory in the thematic field of Economy, Advertising, Marketing and Organizational Contexts?” The goal of providing insight over the existing body of knowledge through meta-theoretical analysis will be reached by identifying the major schools of thought that underlie the considered theory; identifying the underlying assumptions; examining the theory’s historical development, including significant markers; determining how context potentially influenced the choice of theoretical frameworks; and evaluating the quality of the selected theory according to agreed-upon criteria in the thematic field of Social Representations, Economy, Advertising, Marketing and Organizational Contexts.
Conclusions: The findings emphasize that SRT offers insight in understanding economic phenomena as such, an alliance between psychology, sociology and economics may strategically help in challenging and overcoming the limits of the theory. Another important finding shows that the research published in indexed Journals is more thoroughly approached. The predictive value of the theory can be increased by adjusting the method to the theory and to the studied phenomenon
Taking stock of the literature in the thematic field of “Social Representations, Community & Health”
No full textIntroduction: Since the birth of the Theory of Social Representations (SRT), the subject of Health and Community have been one of the areas of interest, application and development of this theory (Herzlich, 1969; Jodelet, 1976, 1991; de Rosa, 1987). The publications in this field have generated the need for a review and systematization of the literature, as well as a critical analysis of the development of the SRT. (de Rosa, 1994, 2002, 2008, 2013a, 2013b, 2016; de Rosa and Dryjanska, 2016).
The present study is a part of the EC-funded project (ITN-People MSCA-IDP 2013, no. 6072799 http://www.europhd.eu/SoReComJointIDP) on Social Representations and Communication, led by de Rosa, within the framework of the European/International Joint Ph.D. in this supra-disciplinary field (de Rosa, 2015, 2016). The whole project is articulated in three main foci:
1. Paradigmatic approaches to the theory (structural, socio-dynamic, dialogical, narrative, anthropological, modelling);
2. Geo-cultural areas of the theory production and dissemination (Europe, Latin America, North America, Africa, Asia and Oceania) and
3. Thematic Research Domains (science, education, economy, marketing, environment, health, community, politics, identity, minority influence, also taking into account the taxonomy: polemic, hegemonic, emancipated social representations).
Objectives: The specific focus of this contribution is: “Social Representations, Health and Community”. Two objectives guided this study:
• firstly, to perform a geo-mapping of the TRS in different areas of the Health and Community, in different geo-cultural contexts in the world.
• secondly, to perform a Meta-Theoretical Analysis of literature about Social Representations and the thematic focus of the Community and Health.
Methods: The bibliographic sources of the data used for this research and the research tool for analyzing them (the Grid for the meta-theoretical analysis, designed by de Rosa in 1994 and update: v.2014) were extracted from the specialized repositories of the SoReCom "A.S.de Rosa"@-library. The sample consisted of a sub-corpus of 508 bibliographic references related to the themes of community, health, and the SRT. Including different types of both theoretical and empirical texts of different authors from multiple parts of the world, through more than 50 years of development of the theory. For this theme, Meta-theoretical analysis included literature that was published between the years of 1972-2015.
Three analyses were conducted for this study.
1. A Geo-mapping for the dissemination of the theory of Social representation in the world, in relation to the thematic focus of the community and health.
2. A descriptive analysis of the different variables for analysis Meta-theory that is part of The Grid for the goal-theoretical analysis.
3. A Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) for a group of active variables and stock that are part of The Grid for the Meta-theoretical.
Results: Analyzed resources are mainly classified into journal articles (68.9%), presentations at conferences (23.6%) and book chapters (6.7%). Based on the first author’s institutional affiliation country/continents, results show Europe and Latin America are still the most prominent geo-cultural areas for the production of the literature in the field of Health and community with about the same proportions: 49.6% and 48.0%, respectively. Performing MCA. we found five factors which show the contribution of “active variables” linked to the methodological profile; the theoretical constructs related to SRT; the reference to theoretical constructs and/or other theories related to SRT and Community; the social representations of health and community; and health and social representations Spatial-temporal context, and the significant positioning on the factorial space of the variables corresponding to the rich set of meta-data detected through the first part of the Grid (like language and years of publications by decades, the type of publications, the theoretical/empirical nature of the contributions, the geo-cultural anchoring as derived from the first author’s institutional affiliation country/continent, the inclusion or not in the bibliometric databases (web of Science and Scopus-Elsevier) with the related bibliometric indexes when present categorized by ranked values, etc.
One of the main results confirms that the theme of health in Latin America is correlated to empirical studies still based on generic theoretical constructs, giving more attention to the applied value of the study, rather than to their contribution for the theory development; while in the literature produced in Europe, is correlated with theoretical studies and specific constructs of the SRT.
Conclusions: The theme of Health and Community has represented one of the most important areas of application for the SRT developed in the last decades (de Rosa, 1994, 2002, 2008, 2013a, 2013b, 2016; de Rosa and D'Ambrosio, 2003a, 2003b, 2008; de Rosa and Dryjanska, 2016).
The relationship between these topics reflects the plurality of methods used and their respective contributions to the understanding of common knowledge related to actual social objects in the specificity of their geo-cultural contexts.
We wish that the times are mature for welcoming a more integrated route of knowledge to social representations – as proposed by the “modeling approach” (de Rosa, 2013b, 2013c, 20014), both in terms of paradigmatic and related multi-methodological options in a domain of study, like the one on Health and Community where the complexity of interrelated dimensions and high applied relevance claims for empirical researchers designs adequate to the supra-disciplinary vision of the Social Representation theory, as conceived by his founde
Andamento naturale della cascola e topofisi in organi riproduttivi di olivo, cv. Leccino
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Audiovisual Sexual Risks for Children on the Internet: Social Representations, Scientific Knowledge and Political Ideologies within European Parliament’s Debates
No full textAbstract First paper “Audiovisual Sexual Risks and the Internet: social representations within European Parliamentary debates”
The European Commission’s policy on children protection toward audiovisual sexual contents available on the Internet is based on a multi-stakeholders approach to regulatory, self-regulatory and co-regulatory initiatives. Several public meetings are held at the European Institutions. Aim: Our research focuses on the ones taken at the European Parliament between 2001 and 2016 and concerning the implementation of the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (2010/13/EU), the Directive on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (2011/92/EU) and the Better Internet for Kids program (COM 2012 196 final). Methods: The corpus was composed of 45 European parliamentary debates. Methodologies for data analysis were content analysis (AtlasTi), and Alceste method (Iramuteq). Results: First, anchoring and objectification are identified through images and metaphors of the Internet and online audiovisual risks, especially sexual ones. Second, 4 clusters were identified: 1. European issue; 2. Sexual exploitation and child-pornography; 3. Risks; 4. Positive use of the Internet. Third, relevant themes, such as international dimension of crime, and rapidity of technological change.Abstract Second paper “International statistics on audiovisual sexual risks within European parliamentary debates: hegemonic and emancipated representations of the problem description ”
European parliamentary debates on the Audiovisual Media Services Directive (2010/13/EU), the Directive on combating the sexual abuse and sexual exploitation of children and child pornography (2011/92/EU) and the Better Internet for Kids program (COM 2012 196 final) make often reference to statistics provided by European institutions and associated agencies. These organizations play a role in the construction of knowledge and interpretation of socio-political phenomena. Aims: The research wishes to observe how international statistics create a hegemonic representation of audiovisual sexual risks for children, emancipated through reference to national data (Moscovici, 1961/76). Methods: The corpus is composed of 45 debates, held at the European Parliament between 2001 and 2016. A content analysis is carried on through the AltasTi software (Bauer, Gaskell, 2007; Dany, 2016). Results: A hegemonic representation is transmitted within European institutions through data produced by Eurobarometer, EuKidsOnline, Europol, Interpol, United Nations, NGOs. Policy concerning the most violent crimes, such as child pornography and sexual exploitation, tend to be tackled through reference to a higher variety of data sources and statistics, aimed at filling a gap of scientific knowledge. Emancipated representations are raised through reference to national dataAbstract Third paper “Children protection and freedom of expression towards online audiovisual contents in a European perspective: polemical representation based on different cultural backgrounds”
Internet policy towards online audiovisual risks for children, especially pornography, has been determined by the defense of freedom of expression, enshrined by the first amendment of the American Constitution (Castell, 2001). Nevertheless, European media systems have been influenced by a variety of historical and cultural backgrounds, paying attention towards ethical concerns related to risky audiovisual contents (Frau-Meigs, 2011). Aims: the piece of research aims to retrieve ethical considerations within the social representations of audiovisual sexual risks. The hypothesis is that polemical representations of audiovisual sexual risks are related to ethical concerns, by making reference to different ideological and cultural groups in Europe (van Dijk, 1998). Methods: By analyzing the European parliamentary debates on Internet policy concerning children protection, the research first retrieves references to ethical considerations within the speeches, then analyzes them through the Alceste method (Iramuteq), and finally carries on a content analysis (AtlasTi). Results: Debates on audiovisual media services directive focus on finding a balance between public service and market-oriented media system. Amongst audiovisual risks, child pornography evokes more ethical reflections. The principle of freedom of expression is either opposed to the possibility of media censorship or to the need of children protection. Polemical representations are due to different historical and cultural backgrounds, regulatory and policy frameworks
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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