477 research outputs found
Gyllenstens radikala metafiktion
No full textIngeborg Löfgren, Gyllenstens radikala metafiktion. (The Radical Metafiction of Gyllensten.) Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) is often purported to be a role-playing author who hides behind his fictitious characters and story-tellers, never to be caught presenting his own personal views in his literary writings. Yet Gyllensten-scholars usually put great effort into finding out just how Gyllensten is to be understood in his dialectical authorship, what he wants to express with his fictitious works, and the particular roles he uses. In this article, I want to claim that there is a severe conflict within the role-concept itself: on the one hand, it is seen as a tool to separate the empirical Gyllensten from the text’s story-teller or “author”, and, on the other, it is also seen as a method used by Gyllensten to deal with his own (personal) existential, moral and epistemological concerns. In my view, it is also due to the scholars faithful application and use of Gyllensten’s theoretical vocabulary (in particular, his selfcontradictory role-concept), presented in his generous literary comments and remarks, that some of his most interesting texts have remained unacknowledged and unexplored – his radical metafiction. This article is concerned with three tasks, carried out respectively: a theoretical examination of the concepts of fiction and metafiction, a critical survey of previous author-intentionalist Gyllensten-research, and the demonstration and analysis of five of Gyllensten’s radically metafictional texts. Among the texts I deal with in the present study – ”Not” from Moderna myter (1949), ”Not” from Det blå skeppet (1950), ”On dit” and ”Au revoir” from Desperados (1962), ”Intervju med pseudonymen ’Sören Kierkegaard’”(1963) from Nihilistiskt credo (1964) and finally Diarium spirituale. Roman om en röst (1968) – four have previously been taken as genuine commentaries by Gyllensten, and used as such. And despite the fact that the fifth, Diarium spirituale, has been to some extent recognized as a “meta-novel”, this has not prevented it from being used as an exegetical commentary as well. This shows how difficult, not to say impossible, it is to detect the special and complex character of radical metafiction in the works of Lars Gyllensten, while staying within the framework of the role-concept. Radical metafiction consists of mutually contradictory features, the fictional and the authentic, which mix in such a way that the complete text neither can be identified as truly fictional nor as really authentic. To the author-intentionalist in search of “keys to interpretation”, these texts will always temptingly resemble pure commentary – which they are not. This will be evident when we see how the radical metafiction of Lars Gyllensten actually resists the author-intentionalist readings
Gyllenstens radikala metafiktion [Elektronisk resurs]
No full textIngeborg Löfgren, Gyllenstens radikala metafiktion. (The Radical Metafiction of Gyllensten.) Lars Gyllensten (1921–2006) is often purported to be a role-playing author who hides behind his fictitious characters and story-tellers, never to be caught presenting his own personal views in his literary writings. Yet Gyllensten-scholars usually put great effort into finding out just how Gyllensten is to be understood in his dialectical authorship, what he wants to express with his fictitious works, and the particular roles he uses. In this article, I want to claim that there is a severe conflict within the role-concept itself: on the one hand, it is seen as a tool to separate the empirical Gyllensten from the text’s story-teller or “author”, and, on the other, it is also seen as a method used by Gyllensten to deal with his own (personal) existential, moral and epistemological concerns. In my view, it is also due to the scholars faithful application and use of Gyllensten’s theoretical vocabulary (in particular, his selfcontradictory role-concept), presented in his generous literary comments and remarks, that some of his most interesting texts have remained unacknowledged and unexplored – his radical metafiction. This article is concerned with three tasks, carried out respectively: a theoretical examination of the concepts of fiction and metafiction, a critical survey of previous author-intentionalist Gyllensten-research, and the demonstration and analysis of five of Gyllensten’s radically metafictional texts. Among the texts I deal with in the present study – ”Not” from Moderna myter (1949), ”Not” from Det blå skeppet (1950), ”On dit” and ”Au revoir” from Desperados (1962), ”Intervju med pseudonymen ’Sören Kierkegaard’”(1963) from Nihilistiskt credo (1964) and finally Diarium spirituale. Roman om en röst (1968) – four have previously been taken as genuine commentaries by Gyllensten, and used as such. And despite the fact that the fifth, Diarium spirituale, has been to some extent recognized as a “meta-novel”, this has not prevented it from being used as an exegetical commentary as well. This shows how difficult, not to say impossible, it is to detect the special and complex character of radical metafiction in the works of Lars Gyllensten, while staying within the framework of the role-concept. Radical metafiction consists of mutually contradictory features, the fictional and the authentic, which mix in such a way that the complete text neither can be identified as truly fictional nor as really authentic. To the author-intentionalist in search of “keys to interpretation”, these texts will always temptingly resemble pure commentary – which they are not. This will be evident when we see how the radical metafiction of Lars Gyllensten actually resists the author-intentionalist readings.</p
Skuggspel. Mellan bildkritik och ikonestetik i Lars Gyllenstens författarskap A play of shadows. Image Critique and Icon Aesthetics in the works of Lars Gyllensten
No full textThis dissertation addresses, on the one hand, Lars Gyllenstens fundamentally critical relationship to imagery and image interpretation. Throughout his literary career, in his fiction as well as in his polemic criticism in the press, Gyllensten has performed the role of iconoclast. On the other hand, his writing has continually involved the investigation and creation of images, often with the help of the visual arts. What is the relationship between Gyllensten the iconoclast and Gyllensten the creator of images - between image criticism and aesthetics? Contrary to earlier research, this thesis maintains that Gyllensten did not abandon his critique of imagery in the mid 1960's but rather continued beyond that period to act as image critic as well as image defender. The conclusion becomes apparent if the author's entire oeuvre - fiction, essays and critical articles - is considered. The dissertation is ordered into three sections: Part One demonstrates how certain central metaphors can be understood to function as critical tools, rhetorical devices and meta-images, i.e. images reflecting the process of image-creation or representing the act of representation. From Gyllenstens early work, the text, the staged event and the metaphorical function of Camera obscura are analyzed. Thereafter, the central metaphors 'Flesh' and 'Dance' in Carnivora (1953) are examined. The texts involved in this collection of fragments are seen as unified language games which, via metatextual strategies, offer interpretative instructions on various levels to the reader. The manner in which the text engages the visual arts is also explored in relation to Carnivora and to critical essays from early on in Gyllensten's writings. Part Two investigates the author's polemic cultural criticism in articles written for the press. Here it is shown that, even in this context, Gyllensten uses metaphorical language games. Particular emphasis is placed on his uses of the key iconoclastic concepts iconoclasy (ikonoklasi), idol and idolatry. In so doing, the contemporary critical context relating to the positively-charged concept of icon is exposed. Part Three proposes to show how In the shadow of Don Juan (I skuggan av Don Juan, 1975) involves a meta-critique, i.e. a criticism directed at fruitless iconoclasm, which upheld the author's image criticism while displaying an attitude of image creation. The function of the concept of icon as another meta-image in the following novel, Return of the shadow (Skuggans återkomst, 1985), is then examined. Through the analysis of that novel's excessive use of meta-textual strategies, the aesthetics is shown to guide the reader's reception in the same way as was done in Carnivora. To that end, the investigation involves the analysis of a number of ekphrases whose function in the novel is to guide interpretation as well as to free it from mono-dimensionality. The novel's narrative structures are then compared to the orthodox church and its holy icons. Thus it is shown how the author allows conditions from the metaphor's (the icon's) original context to structure the way in which Return of the shadow can be opened for a myriad of interpretative paths. The result is a demonstration of a multi-dimensional aesthetic offering the possibility of creative involvement in producing the work of art
Is all that is new therefore good? The Swedish author Lars Gyllensten and ecocritical tendencies of today
No full textThe article want to raise the awareness of some urgent questions that is concerned with the development of new theory and methods in the service of addressing the problematic situation of the Anthropocene. With the aid of the 20th century Swedish author Lars Gyllensten’s general ideas of the function of critique (iconoclasm) and creativity (iconoplasm), the aim is to point to two basic patterns when moving towards new, and hopefully better paradigms
Biochemical genetic variation, intraspecific genetic structure and postglacial evolution of select north European vertebrate species
No full textAnalysis of the tempo and mode of intraspecific differentiation provides important information for understanding subspeciation, for construction of taxonomic hierarchies within a species and for management of genetic variation in natural populations.The present thesis describes the genetic structure of natural populations of willow grouse (Lagopus tagopus L.), rock ptarmigan (Lagopus mutus L.), red deer (Cervus ebaphus L.), fourhorn sculpin (Myoxocephalus quadricornis L.), and perch (Perea fluviatilis L.) in the recently (within 8.000 years) deglaciated Scandinavian region, studied by analysis of allozyme variation at multiple loci.The amount of genetic variation within these species was similar to previously reported means for each particular vertebrate group, except for the perch which has an extremely low level of genetic variation. All species, except perch, show a complex population genetic structure. The magnitude of genetic differentiation between populations indicates that the majority of population structures are of postglacial origin. Differentiation potentially indicating divergence times in excess of the timespan available for postglacial evolution was only observed between two Scandinavian red deer subspecies.In red deer and willow grouse, the distribution of genetic variability does not support the currently applied subspecies classifications. Taxonomic subspecies either show very little absolute genetic differentiation as for the red deer, or do not represent a general subdivision of the genetic variation within the species, as for the willow grouse. This discrepancy emphazises that morphological characters may fail to depict the evolutionary relationships among populations.Temporal variation in the genetic structure was found in willow grouse and fourhorn sculpin. This may reflect an unstable demographic structure due to population density changes in willow grouse, and lack of temporally stationary breeding units in fourhorn sculpin.In addition, a comparison was made of the genetic structure of marine, anadromous, and freshwater fishes from Scandinavia and North America, by a nested gene diversity analysis of published allele frequency data for biochemical loci. Large differences in the intraspecific distribution of genetic variability was found between marine and freshwater fish. Species with geographical barriers between localities have consistently higher levels of intraspecific genetic differentiation, as expected if migration is important in determining the genetic structure of populations.</p
TEMPORAL ALLOZYME FREQUENCY CHANGES IN DENSITY FLUCTUATING POPULATIONS OF WILLOW GROUSE (<i>LAGOPUS LAGOPUS</i> L.)
No full textHundreds of variants clustered in genomic loci and biological pathways affect human height
No full textMost common human traits and diseases have a polygenic pattern of inheritance: DNA sequence variants at many genetic loci influence the phenotype. Genome-wide association (GWA) studies have identified more than 600 variants associated with human traits(1), but these typically explain small fractions of phenotypic variation, raising questions about the use of further studies. Here, using 183,727 individuals, we show that hundreds of genetic variants, in at least 180 loci, influence adult height, a highly heritable and classic polygenic trait(2,3). The large number of loci reveals patterns with important implications for genetic studies of common human diseases and traits. First, the 180 loci are not random, but instead are enriched for genes that are connected in biological pathways (P = 0.016) and that underlie skeletal growth defects (P<0.001). Second, the likely causal gene is often located near the most strongly associated variant: in 13 of 21 loci containing a known skeletal growth gene, that gene was closest to the associated variant. Third, at least 19 loci have multiple independently associated variants, suggesting that allelic heterogeneity is a frequent feature of polygenic traits, that comprehensive explorations of already-discovered loci should discover additional variants and that an appreciable fraction of associated loci may have been identified. Fourth, associated variants are enriched for likely functional effects on genes, being over-represented among variants that alter amino-acid structure of proteins and expression levels of nearby genes. Our data explain approximately 10% of the phenotypic variation in height, and we estimate that unidentified common variants of similar effect sizes would increase this figure to approximately 16% of phenotypic variation (approximately 20% of heritable variation). Although additional approaches are needed to dissect the genetic architecture of polygenic human traits fully, our findings indicate that GWA studies can identify large numbers of loci that implicate biologically relevant genes and pathways
Myelinization of the optic nerve and its dependence on visual func- tion - a quantitative investigation in mice.
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