100 research outputs found
An Interview with Professor Frank Griffel on Islamic Thought
No full textProf. Frank Griffel, after studying philosophy, Arabic literature, and Islamic studies at universities in Göttingen, Damascus, and Berlin, obtained his Ph.D. in 1999 from the Freie Universität in Berlin. His master's thesis focused on Ibn Sīnā's (d. 1037) logical and ontological influence on al-Ghazālī's (d. 1111) theological work, Fayṣal al-tafriqa. In his Ph.D. thesis, he delved into the development of the judgment of apostasy in classical Islam. Following a research fellowship at the Orient Institute of the German Oriental Society in Beirut, Lebanon, he joined Yale in 2000. At Yale, he teaches courses on the intellectual history of Islam, covering its theology and philosophy, both classical and modern, and the way Islamic thinkers react to Western modernity. Prof. Griffel has produced a wide range of publications on classical and contemporary Islamic thought. One of his standout books is Al-Ghazālī’s Philosophical Theology (2009), where he analyzed al-Ghazālī's life and philosophical metaphysics and cosmology in coherence with Islamic thought. This book concluded that in al-Ghazālī's opinion, the two distinct cosmologies of occasionalism and secondary causality emerge as equally convincing explanations regarding God's creative activity. The latest comprehensive book by Prof. Griffel, The Formation of Post-Classical Philosophy in Islam (2021), explains how, as a result of al-Ghazālī’s Tahāfut al-falāsifa, a new kind of philosophical discourse emerged in the Islamic East, dominating the education at madrasas. This study, covering many aspects of the practice of philosophy during the 12th century century in the Islamic East 12th century, particularly focuses on Abū’l-Barakāt al-Baghdādī (d. c. 1165) and Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 1210). This book is prompted by the observation that Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī is the first author who followed al-Ghazālī's critique of Ibn Sīnā in kalām books and, at the same time, aimed to develop Ibn Sīnā's philosophical system in ḥikma (philosophy) books. Its main thesis is that authors of post-classical philosophy, such as Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī, wrote books in the discipline of ḥikma that are conscious in their continuation of the discourse of falsafa in Islam while also writing books in the discipline of kalām that are part of a different genre of texts and follow different discursive rules. According to the conclusion of this book, al-Rāzī developed ḥikma and kalām as two distinct academic discourses that argue for different sets of teachings. This inspired argument opens the window for new debates about the post-classical period. In this interview, Prof. Griffel shares insights that brought us closer to his works, along with his impressions on Islamic studies in America and Türkiye. The conversation provides remarks that illuminate his academic perspectives and contributions to the field
The Place of Virtue Ethics within the Post-Classical Discourse on ḥikma: Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī’s al-Nafs wa-l-rūḥ wa-sharḥ quwāhumā
No full textPreserved in what seems to be a unique manuscript at the Bodleian Library, al-Nafs wa-l-rūḥ wa-sharḥ quwāhumā (The Soul and the Spirit together with an Explanation of Their Faculties) of Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī (d. 606/1210) is a curious book. At the beginning, the author decribes the text as part of the philosophical sciences (as opposed to the religious ones) and clarifies that it deals with ʿilm al-akhlāq, meaning Aristotelian virtue ethics. The text is divided into two parts, the first explaining subjects of philosophical psychology, such as the nature of the soul, its faculties, and its survival after the death of the body. The second part explains how one can “treat” or “heal” the soul from certain negative character traits or vices. In both parts, the book makes liberal use of quotations from the Qur’an, from prophetical ḥadīth, and from sayings by other prophets and sages. This is quite unlike any other “book on philosophy” that Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī wrote.The article explains the distinction between philosophical and non-philosophical books in Fakhr al-Dīn al-Rāzī and what it means for a book to belong to the former group. Al-Rāzī’s works in the theoretical fields of philosophy (logic, the natural sciences, metaphysics, and theology) do not use evidence derived from revelation and hardly ever refer to it. The relationship between revelation and the practical disciplines of philosophy (among them ethics), however, is different from the relation between revelation and theoretical philosophy. This difference leads in Avicenna to an almost complete abandonment of the practical disciplines. In authors who follow Avicenna in his Farabian approach to the relationship between philosophy and revelation, it leads to hybrid works such as al-Nafs wa-l-rūḥ wa-sharḥ quwāhumā that follow a philosophical agenda but employ means and strategies that mimic and imitate revelation
Biscutella laevigata L.
No full text677Biscutella laevigata L. Fam. Brassicaceae Gemeines Brillenschötchen Lunetière lisse Stengel 15-40 cm hoch, aufrecht, oben meist verzweigt, wenig beblättert, wie die Blätter meist steifhaarig. Blätter lanzettlich, ganzrandig bis fie-derteilig, die grundständigen in einen Stiel verschmälert, bis 1 2 cm lang, die stengelständigen sitzend und etwas umfassend. Kronblätter gelb, 4-8 mm lang, kurz gestielt. Früchte flach, brillenförmig (beim Griffel und beim Stiel ausgerandet), 4-7 mm lang und 7-1 2 mm breit, auf 1-2mal so langen Stielen. Blüte Mai - Juli. Standort: Trockenrasen, Felsschutt, meist auf Kalk, (kollin-) subalpin-alpin. Alpen und Alpenrand (ca. 45). Oek. Z. 8x4-x72-H. (1114)Published as part of Konrad Lauber & Gerhart Wagner, 1991, Flora der Kantons Bern (pp 356 - 358 _ Lepidium), Bern :Paul Haupt Verlag on page 35
Biscutella laevigata L.
No full text677Biscutella laevigata L. Fam. Brassicaceae Gemeines Brillenschötchen Lunetière lisse Stengel 15-40 cm hoch, aufrecht, oben meist verzweigt, wenig beblättert, wie die Blätter meist steifhaarig. Blätter lanzettlich, ganzrandig bis fie-derteilig, die grundständigen in einen Stiel verschmälert, bis 1 2 cm lang, die stengelständigen sitzend und etwas umfassend. Kronblätter gelb, 4-8 mm lang, kurz gestielt. Früchte flach, brillenförmig (beim Griffel und beim Stiel ausgerandet), 4-7 mm lang und 7-1 2 mm breit, auf 1-2mal so langen Stielen. Blüte Mai - Juli. Standort: Trockenrasen, Felsschutt, meist auf Kalk, (kollin-) subalpin-alpin. Alpen und Alpenrand (ca. 45). Oek. Z. 8x4-x72-H. (1114)Published as part of Konrad Lauber & Gerhart Wagner, 1991, Flora der Kantons Bern (pp 356 - 358 _ Lepidium), Bern :Paul Haupt Verlag on page 35
Growth and development of paediatric patients with beta-thalassaemia treated with deferasirox for up to 5 years
No full text15th Annual Meeting of the European-Hematology-Association -- JUN 10-13, 2010 -- Barcelona, SPAINEuropean Hematol Asso
Glucose abnormalities in Asian patients with chronic hepatitis C
No full textQingyan Bo,1 Roberto Orsenigo,2 Junyi Wang,1 Louis Griffel,3 Clifford Brass3 1Beijing Novartis Pharma Co. Ltd., Shanghai, People’s Republic of China; 2Novartis Pharma AG, Basel, Switzerland; 3Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ, USA Abstract: Many studies have demonstrated a potential association between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and hepatitis C virus infection in Western countries, while similar evidence is limited in Asia. We compared the prevalence of glucose abnormalities (impaired fasting glucose [IFG] and T2D) and their risk factors between Asian and non-Asian chronic hepatitis C (CHC) patients, and evaluated whether glucose abnormalities impacted the viral responses to peginterferon plus ribavirin treatment (current standard of care in most Asian countries). This study retrospectively analyzed data of 1,887 CHC patients from three Phase II/III studies with alisporivir (DEB025) as treatment for CHC. The chi-square test was used to compare the prevalence of IFG/T2D between Asian and non-Asian CHC patients, and logistic regression was used to adjust for sex, age, and cirrhosis status. Risk factors for IFG/T2D were evaluated using univariate and multivariate analysis. Our results indicated that the prevalence of IFG/T2D was high in both Asian and non-Asian CHC patients (23.0% vs 20.9%), and no significant difference was found between these two populations (adjusted odds ratio: 1.3, 95% confidence interval: 0.97, 1.7; P=0.08). Age, sex, and cirrhosis status were risk factors for IFG/T2D in both populations, while body mass index was positively associated with IFG/T2D in non-Asian but not in Asian participants. No significant differences in sustained virological response rates were seen between patients with normal fasting glucose and patients with IFG/T2D for both populations. These results demonstrate that the prevalence of glucose abnormalities in Asian CHC patients was similar to that in non-Asians, and glucose abnormalities had no impact on viral response to peginterferon plus ribavirin. Keywords: CHC, type 2 diabetes, risk factor, alisporivir 
Why the Apple Doesn't Fall Far: Understanding Intergenerational Transmission of Human Capital
No full textParents with higher education levels have children with higher education levels. However, is this because parental education actually changes the outcomes of children, suggesting an important spillover of education policies, or is it merely that more able individuals who have higher education also have more able children? This paper proposes to answer this question by using a unique dataset from Norway. Using the reform of the education system that was implemented in different municipalities at different times in the 1960s as an instrument for parental education, we find little evidence of a causal relationship between parents' education and children's education, despite significant OLS relationships. We find 2SLS estimates that are consistently lower than the OLS estimates with the only statistically significant effect being a positive relationship between mother's education and son's education. These findings suggest that the high correlations between parents'and children's education are due primarily to family characteristics and inherited ability and not education spillovers.
Levantamento de hospedeiros e parasitóides de Anastrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) no município de Boa Vista, Estado de Roraima.
No full textResumo 937-1
Elva water center
No full textKäesoleva arhitektuurse projekti raames projekteeriti Elva kesklinna, Arbi järve äärde veekeskus. Projekteerimisel arvestati Elva linnale iseloomuliku looduslähedase elukeskkonnaga. Eesmärgiks oli linnaruumi muutmine kompaktsemaks ja Kesk tänava sidumine Arbi järve äärse alaga. Autori ideeks oli kasutada keskväljaku potentsiaali, projekteerides Elva veekeskuse keskväljakult alguse saava promenaadi lõppu. Autor sai projekteerimiseks inspiratsiooni Kanadas St.Lawrence jõe kaldal asuvast spaahoonest, aga ka Otepää külje all asuvast Pühajärve spaa hoonest. Need hooned olid heaks eeskujuks maapinna kasutuseks ja basseini projekteerimiseks hoone teisele korrusele. Lisaks inspireeris töö autorit Oslo ooperimaja oma sujuvalt tõusvate kaldpindadega. Projekti lõplik idee ja kontseptsioon ei erinenud oluliselt algsest ideedest. Samas muudeti hoone projekteerimise käigus mitmeid kordi selle kuju ja kasutamisviise. Elva veekeskus on projekteeritud lihtsa ristkülikukujulise vormiga. Hoonele annab vormi kaldega katus. Pikliku põhiplaaniga hoone on asetatud krundile ida-lääne suunaliselt. Hoone kandvateks osadeks on raudbetoon konstruktsioonid ning liimpuidust post-tala süsteem.The objective of the thesis was to design a water center near Arbi lake in downtown Elva. In developing the design, Elva's close-to-nature environment was taken into consideration. The project was designed to change the urban area space more compact and to tie Kesk street with the area surrounding Arbi lake. The author's idea was to use the potential of the central square by designing Elva water center at the end of the promenade which runs from the central square. The author was inspired by a Canadian spa on the banks of St. Lawrence river and Pühajärve spa near Otepää, Estonia. These buildings were good examples of taking natural landscape into the consideration and constructing a pool on the second floor of the facility. In addition, the author was inspired by the Oslo Opera House and its smoothly rising walls. The project's final concept does not differ much from the original idea, although in the process of designing the facility, some shapes and some purposes of the facility were changed. Elva Water Center is designed in a simple rectangular form. The building's form is shaped by a sloping roof. Building with an elongated ground plan is placed on the plot in an east-west direction. The bearing parts of the building are reinforced concrete structures and glulam post and beam systems
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