26,602 research outputs found
Burns in Tanzania: Morbidity and Mortality, Causes and Risk Factors: A Review.
No full textBurn injuries in low and middle income countries still remain a significant health problem, even though numbers of burn injuries in high income countries have decreased showing that such events are not "accidents" but are usually preventable. WHO states that the vast majority (over 95%) of fire-related burns occur in low and middle income countries. Burn injuries are a major cause of prolonged hospital stays, disfigurement, disability, and death in Africa Region. Evidence shows that prevention strategies can work. However prevention strategies need to be tailored to the specific environment taking into account local risk factors and available resources. An examination of the patterns and causes of burns should allow site specific recommendations for interventions. This literature review, specific to the United Republic of Tanzania, was conducted by researching PubMed, SafetyLit, and African Journals on Line data bases for primary sources using key words <Tanzania> plus <burns, suicide, homicide, injury mortality, injury morbidity>. Two sets of student data collected as part of Bachelor's degree final dissertations at Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences were used. In all, twenty two primary sources were found. Risk factors for burn morbidity in Tanzania are: 1/ a young age, especially years 1-3, 2/ home environment, especially around cooking fires, 3/ epilepsy, during seizures, and 4/ perceived inevitability of the incident. It was expected that ground level cooking fires would be found to be a risk factor, but several studies have shown non-significant results about raised cooking fires, types of fuel used, and cooking appliances. Risk factors for burn mortality are: being male, between 20-30 years of age, and being punished for alleged thieving by community mobs. An important factor in reducing burn morbidity, especially in children, is to educate people that burns are preventable in most cases and that most burns occur in the home around cooking fires. Children need to be kept away from fires. Epileptics should be monitored for medication and kept away from cooking fires as well. Community members need to be encouraged to bring wrong doers to the police
Cowboy Narrative - R. L. Burns
No full textA transcript of a Cowboy Narrative, or Rangelore, interview conducted by Sheldon F. Gauthier for the Works Progress Administration\u27s Federal Writers\u27 Project in the 1930s with former sheep and cow herder R. L. Burns. Burns began herding sheep at the age of 9, and the majority of his interview is related to his time as a sheep herder at the Boatwright Ranch in Tom Green County, Texas. He describes herding methods, the lonely life on the range, and the relationship between herder and sheep dog. He served briefly as a cowhand on the Boatwright Ranch before quitting the range to engage in cattle buying and selling.https://mavmatrix.uta.edu/specialcollections_workprojectsadministration/1038/thumbnail.jp
Personal Papers (MS 80-0002)
No full textLetter from Harris L. Kempner to Denis Burns discussing helping the Small Business Club and where his sons go to college
Personal Papers (MS 80-0002)
No full textLetter from Denis Burns to Harris L. Kempner discussing the small business club he is part of
Letter from Montezuma to cousin Mike Burns
No full textabstract: Montezuma urges Mike Burns and the McDowell Indians to keep McDowell land and Verde River water; NOT to move to Salt River Reservation as proposed
Who tells the story of burns in low-and-middle income countries? – A bibliometric study
No full textLow- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remain drastically underrepresented in health research, with African countries producing less than 1% of the global output. This work investigates authorship patterns of publications on burns in LMICs. Original research studies addressing burn injuries in LMICs and published between 1st January 2015 and 31st December 2020 were included in the review. Descriptive statistics were performed for country affiliations of authors, World Bank Country Income Groups, WHO group, study-focus and country studied. Of the 458 results, 426 studies met the inclusion criteria. Nearly a quarter of papers on burns in LMICs had both first and senior authors from high-income countries (HICs, n = 95, 24.4%), more than half of the papers had both first and senior authors from upper middle- income countries (upper MICs, n = 222, 57.2%), while less than 1% (n = 3) had first and senior authors exclusively from lower-income countries (LICs). Eleven percent (n = 41/388) of all papers were written without either first nor senior author being from the country studied, and 17 of them (41%) had both first and senior authors from the USA. Twenty-five (6%) of the papers had the first author and not the senior author from the country of focus, while six (2%) had the senior and not the first author from the country of interest. To overcome global health challenges such as burns, locally led research is imperative. The maximum benefit of HIC-LMIC collaborations is achieved when LMICs play an active role in leading the research. When LMICs direct the research being conducted in their country, the harm of inherently inequitable relationships is minimized.</p
A Quantification and Risk Analysis of Occupational Burns: Oregon Workers' Compensation Claims 1990-1997
No full textThis study examined all accepted Oregon workers' compensation claims for occupational burn injuries over 1990-1997 (n = 3,158). The Current Population Survey (CPS) was used to derive employee population baselines for establishing rate estimates. It was estimated that the average occupational burn claim rate was 2.89 per 10,000 workers (95% C.I. = 2.76-3.02). The majority of claimants (71.7%) were males, the largest proportion (32.6%) were aged 25 years or under, and almost half (48.7%) had less than 1 year of job tenure. Costs averaged over $1.6 million annually. The average indemnity period was 16 days. Higher relative risks were found for evening workers (2.97, 95% C.I. = 2.96-2.98) and night workers (2.13, C.I. = 2.12-2.13) compared to day shift workers. Kitchen workers had the highest burn rate of all occupations with 62.5 per 10,000.burns, occupational burns, employee safety, Oregon, workers' compensation
Functionalised DNA - introducing and applying a versatile porphyrin molecular ruler
No full textPorphyrin moieties were rigidly attached to DNA to generate an accurate molecular ruler. Molecular ruler analysis was conducted using steady-state fluorescence, circular dichroism and small angle X-ray scattering spectroscopic techniques, in an attempt to analyse the FRET, exciton coupling and scattering intensity between different porphyrin-porphyrin labelled DNA combinations. A 21-mer test sequence was labelled with a porphyrin in one position on one strand, and seven different positions on seven complementary strands, to overall give seven porphyrin-porphyrin inter-strand combinations. Steady-state fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopic analysis of the Soret band revealed individual Watson-Crick bases pair molecular ruler sensitivity. Small angle X-ray scattering attempts between metallated-porphyrin entities did not reveal sufficient scattering at low concentrations, in contrast, an iodinated analogue of the porphyrin system did displayed scattering correlating to different iodine iodine distances. After calibration of the porphyrin system, the moieties were applied to study protein-DNA interactions between Tus, a 36 KDa DNA binding protein, and Ter, a specific 21-mer DNA sequence. Molecular ruler nalysis of the complex required an extended version of the Ter DNA sequence to which modifications were attached. Established FRET pairs FAM and TAMRA were applied to investigate protein-DNA complexation. Native PAGE analysis revealed Tus binds to the extended DNA via a sliding mechanism. Fluorescence analysis of the established FRET pairs identified changes in fluorescence not correlating to changes in FRET, and instead was attributed to emission quenching upon protein binding. Applying the zinc and free base porphyrin version displayed subtle changes in the Soret band circular dichrosim upon complexation, indicating small DNA helical change upon complexation. A 45-mer DNA sequence was designed to form multiple hairpin-duplex conformations with the addition of an appropriate complementary strand. Attaching FRET pairs to the extremes of the DNA sequence enabled multiple DNA conformations, and hence FRET distances to be obtained from one doubly modified DNA sequence. The combinations were characterised by UV-Vis, fluorescence and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Finally, terpyridine labelled DNA sequences selectively formed DNA nanotubes through orthogonal hydrogen bonding and metal complexation interactions. Short DNA strands were designed to self-assemble into long duplexes through a sticky-end approach. Addition of weakly binding metals such as zinc induced the formation of tubular arrays consisting of DNA bundles 50-200 nm wide and 2-50 nm high. TEM displayed additional long distance ordering of the terpyridine-DNA complexes into fibers
Refined and l-adic Euler characteristics of nearly perfect complexes
No full textWe lift the Euler characteristic of a nearly perfect complex to a relative algebraic K-group by passing to its l-adic Euler characteristics
Admission factors associated with the in-hospital mortality of burns patients in resource-constrained settings : a two-year retrospective investigation in a South African adult burns centre
No full textCITATION: Boissin, C., et al. 2019. Admission factors associated with the in-hospital mortality of burns patients in resource-constrained settings : a two-year retrospective investigation in a South African adult burns centre. Burns, 45(6):1462-1470, doi:10.1016/j.burns.2019.03.005.The original publication is available at https://www.sciencedirect.comObjective: Little is known concerning the factors associated with in-hospital mortality of
trauma patients in resource-constrained settings, not least in burns centres. We investigated
this question in the adult burns centre at Tygerberg Hospital in Cape Town. We further
assessed whether the Abbreviated Burn Severity Index (ABSI) is an accurate predictive score
of mortality in this setting.
Methods: Medical records of all patients admitted with fresh burns over a two-year period
(2015 and 2016) were scrutinized to obtain data on patient, injury and admission-related
characteristics. Association with in-hospital mortality was investigated for flame burns
using logistic regressions and expressed as odds ratios (ORs). The mortality prediction of the
ABSI score was assessed using sensitivity and specificity analyses.
Results: Overall the in-hospital mortality was 20.4%. For the 263 flame burns, while crude ORs
suggested gender, burn depth, burn size, inhalation injury, and referral status were all
individually significantly associated with mortality, only the association with female gender,
not being referred and burn size remained significant after adjustments (adjusted ORs = 3.79,
2.86 and 1.11 (per percentage increase in size) respectively). For the ABSI score, sensitivity and
specificity were 84% and 86% respectively.
Conclusion: In this specialised centre, mortality occurs in one in five patients. It is associated
with a few clinical parameters, and can be predicted using the ABSI score.https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S030541791830874XPublisher's versio
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