208 research outputs found
MASS COMPOSITION STUDIES OF ULTRA HIGH ENERGY COSMIC RAYS THROUGH THE MEASUREMENT OF THE MUON PRODUCTION DEPTHS AT THE PIERRE AUGER OBSERVATORY
No full textThe Pierre Auger Observatory in Argentina studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of CRs at these energies (above 1 EeV) is very low and UHECRs properties must be inferred from the measurements of the Extensive Air Showers (EAS) that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere.
Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS: a surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks, which sample particle at ground level, and fluorescence detectors (FD), which collect the UV light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. Auger is the largest cosmic rays detector ever built and it provides high- quality data together with unprecedented statistics.
The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECRs mass composition using data from Auger SD. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highest energies is of fundamental importance from Mass Composition Studies of Ultra High the astrophysical point of view, since it could discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays. Moreover, mass composition studies are of utmost importance for particle physics. As a matter of fact, knowing the composition helps in exploring the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, inaccessible to present accelerator experiments
Weekly assessment of worry: an adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire for monitoring changes during treatment
No full textAn adaptation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire (PSWQ) [Meyer, T. J., Miller, M. L., Metzger, R. L. and Borkovec, T. D. (1990). Development and validation of the Penn State Worry Questionnaire. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 28, 487-495.] for weekly assessment of worry was evaluated in a brief treatment study. Cognitive restructuring techniques were taught to 28 nonclinical high-worriers, 14 of whom served as a control group in a lagged waiting-list design. Results showed that the Penn State Worry Questionnaire-Past Week (PSWQ-PW) was highly reliable and substantially valid in the assessment of both (a) weekly status of worry and (b) treatment-related changes in worry: average Cronbach's alpha was 0.91; average convergent correlation with a past-week adaptation of the Worry Domains Questionnaire [Tallis, F., Eysenck, M. W. and Mathews, A. (1992). A questionnaire for the measurement of nonpathological worry. Personality and Individual Differences, 13, 161-168.] was 0.63 and pre-post improvement on PSWQ-PW showed a 0.71 correlation with the Questionnaire of Changes in Experiencing and Behavior [Zielke, M. and Kopf-Mehnert, C. (1978). Veränderungsfragebogen des Erlebens und Verhaltens. Weinheim, Germany: Beltz Test Gesellschaft.]. It is concluded that the PSWQ-PW is a useful instrument for monitoring pathological worry in experimental and applied settings
Is It Possible to Produce Certified Hazelnut Plant Material in Sicily? Identification and Recovery of Nebrodi Genetic Resources, in vitro Establishment, and Innovative Sanitation Technique From Apple Mosaic Virus
No full textEight Sicilian cultivars of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), namely-Curcia, Nociara Collica, Panottara Collica, Panottara Galati Grande, Parrinara, Panottara Baratta Piccola, Enzo, and Rossa Galvagno, registered into the Italian Cultivar Register of fruit tree species in 2017 were selected from Nebrodi area and established in vitro. The aim of the work was to carry out the sanitation of the cultivars and get virus-free plants from the most important viral pathogen threat, the apple mosaic virus. Virus-free plant material is essential for the production of certified plants from Sicilian hazelnut cultivars, complying the CE (cat. CAC) quality and the technical standards established in 2017 for voluntary certification by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF). In this study, we investigated the possibility of establishing in vitro true-to-type and virus-free hazelnut plantlets via the encapsulation technology of apexes. The in vitro shoot proliferation rates were assessed for the different cultivars, sampling periods, temperature treatments, and type of explant used for culture initiation. Viability, regrowth, and conversion rates of both conventional meristem tip culture (MTC) and not conventional (MTC combined with the encapsulation technology) sanitation techniques were evaluated. Copyright © 2021 Yahyaoui, Marinoni, Botta, Ruffa and Germanà
Image_1_Is It Possible to Produce Certified Hazelnut Plant Material in Sicily? Identification and Recovery of Nebrodi Genetic Resources, in vitro Establishment, and Innovative Sanitation Technique From Apple Mosaic Virus.pdf
No full textEight Sicilian cultivars of hazelnut (Corylus avellana L.), namely-Curcia, Nociara Collica, Panottara Collica, Panottara Galati Grande, Parrinara, Panottara Baratta Piccola, Enzo, and Rossa Galvagno, registered into the Italian Cultivar Register of fruit tree species in 2017 were selected from Nebrodi area and established in vitro. The aim of the work was to carry out the sanitation of the cultivars and get virus-free plants from the most important viral pathogen threat, the apple mosaic virus. Virus-free plant material is essential for the production of certified plants from Sicilian hazelnut cultivars, complying the CE (cat. CAC) quality and the technical standards established in 2017 for voluntary certification by the Italian Ministry of Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies (MIPAAF). In this study, we investigated the possibility of establishing in vitro true-to-type and virus-free hazelnut plantlets via the encapsulation technology of apexes. The in vitro shoot proliferation rates were assessed for the different cultivars, sampling periods, temperature treatments, and type of explant used for culture initiation. Viability, regrowth, and conversion rates of both conventional meristem tip culture (MTC) and not conventional (MTC combined with the encapsulation technology) sanitation techniques were evaluated.</p
Études de composition de rayons cosmiques de ultra-haute énergie avece la mesure des profondeurs de production de muons à l'Observatoire Pierre Auger
No full textThe Pierre Auger Observatory (Auger) in Argentina studies Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays (UHECRs) physics. The flux of cosmic rays at these energies (above 1018 eV) is very low (less than 100 particle/km2-year) and UHECR properties must be inferred from the measurements of the secondary particles that the cosmic ray primary produces in the atmosphere. These particles cascades are called Extensive Air Showers (EAS) and can be studied at ground by deploying detectors covering large areas. The EAS physics is complex, and the properties of secondary particles depend strongly on the first interaction, which takes place at an energy beyond the ones reached at accelerators. As a consequence, the analysis of UHECRs is subject to large uncertainties and hence many of their properties, in particular their composition, are still unclear.Two complementary techniques are used at Auger to detect EAS initiated by UHE- CRs: a 3000 km2 surface detector (SD) array of water Cherenkov tanks which samples particles at ground level and fluorescence detectors (FD) which collect the ultraviolet light emitted by the de-excitation of nitrogen nuclei in the atmosphere, and can operate only in clear, moonless nights. Auger is the largest cosmic rays detector ever built and it provides high-quality data together with unprecedented statistics.The main goal of this thesis is the measurement of UHECR mass composition using data from the SD of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Measuring the cosmic ray composition at the highest energies is of fundamental importance from the astrophysical point of view, since it could discriminate between different scenarios of origin and propagation of cosmic rays. Moreover, mass composition studies are of utmost importance for particle physics. As a matter of fact, knowing the composition helps in exploring the hadronic interactions at ultra-high energies, inaccessible to present accelerator experiments.L’observatoire Pierre Auger, situé en Argentine, étudie la physique des rayons cosmiques de ultra haute énergie (UHECRs, i.e. E > 1018 eV). Le flux de rayons cosmiques a` cette énergies est faible et les propriétés doivent etre déduite à partir des mesures des particules secondaires qui sont produites par les rayons cosmiques primaires dans l’ atmosphère. Ces cascades sont appelées gerbe atmosphériques étendues (EAS) et peuvent etre étudiés au sol en de ́ployant des détecteurs couvrant de larges zones.La physique des EAS est complexe et les propriétés des particules secondaires dependent de la première interaction, qui se déroule à un niveau d’energie superieur de ceux atteints dans les accelerateurs. En consequence, l’analyse de UHECRs est soumis à d’importantes incertitudes et donc beaucoup de leurs proprietes, en particulier leur composition, sont encore inconnues.Deux techniques complementaires sont utilisées pour détecter le EAS initiées par UHECRs à Auger: un réseau de 1600 détecteurs couvrant 3000 km2 qui echantillonnent les particules au niveau du sol (SD) et des detecteurs de fluorescence (FD) qui recueillent la lumière ultra-violette emise par la desexcitation des noyaux d’azote dans l’atmosphere, et ne peut fonctionner que pendant des nuits sans lune.L’objectif principal de cette thèse est la mesure de la composition de la masse de UHECR à partir des données du SD de l’Observatoire Pierre Auger. La mesure de la composition des rayons cosmiques aux energies les plus elevées est une clé obligatoire du point de vue astrophysique, car cela pourrait permettre de separer les differents scenarios d’origine et la propagation des rayons cosmiques. De plus, les etudes de com- position de masse sont de la plus haute importance pour la physique des particules, car une fois la composition connue, on peut explorer l’interaction hadronique à des énergies inaccessibles aux accelérateurs d’aujourd’hui
Detection of electron showers in dual-readout crystal calorimeters
No full textSome high-Z scintillating crystals offer the possibility to distinguish the contributions from the scintillation and Čherenkov mechanisms to the generated signals. Among these crystals are BGO and PbWO 4. We have tested matrices of these crystals as electromagnetic calorimeters and studied the properties of the Čherenkov and scintillation components of the signals generated by high-energy electrons showering in these detectors. © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Le dimensioni costituzionali del diritto d’asilo nel processo d’integrazione europea
No full textThe article shows the different dimensions of the right to asylum witin EU and Italian Constitutional legal order. The Author takes into account EU Court of Justice case law and Italian Constitutional Court recent judgement (in particular Corte cost. no. 194/2019) and the interplay bewteeen EU legislation (expecially the Qualification Directive) and National Legislation on Security and Public Order (expecially the "security" law decree of 2018) to show how the Legislator tend to shape Asylum as a sovereign privilege of the State to "balance" with protection of National Security and Public Order and Courts, instead must also consider the dimension of Asylum as a right of the person (an inviolable constitutional right of the person ex art. 10 par. 3 of the Italian Constitution and a fundamental right ex art. 18 EU Charter of Fundamental rights). The article describes also the distribution of normative powers between EU, State and Regions concerning asylum and the level of effective protection to the Constitutional Right to Asylum within the Italian Legal Order
College of Law The Ohio State University Class of 1996
No full textFaculty (pictured): Beazley, Mary Beth, Director of Legal Writing; Brudney, James J.; Caust-Ellenbogen, Sanford; Clovis, Albert L., Professor Emeritus; Cutright, Karen B., Associate Dean; Fink, Howard P.; Goldberger, David, Director of Clinical Programs; Greenbaum, Arthur F.; Halpern, Sheldon W.; Hebert, L. Camille; Herman, Lawrence, Professor Emeritus; Jacobs, Louis A.; Johnson, Bruce S., Director of Law Library; Jost, Timothy; Kindred, Michael J., Professor Emeritus; Krauskopf, Joan M.; Krivoshey, Robert M., Supervising Attorney; Laughlin Stanley K.; Meeks, James E.; Murphy, Earl Finbar; Murphy, Joanne Wharton, Assistant Dean Emeritus; Northern, Kathy S.; Quigley, John B.; Rapoport, Nancy B.; Rogers, Nancy H., Associate Dean; Rose, Michael D.; Samansky, Allan J.; Snyder, Barbara R.; Sorenson, Philip C., Professor Emeritus; Travalio, Gregory M.; Verdun, Vincene; Whaley, Douglas J.; Williams, David, II; Williams, Gregory H., Dean; Wilson, Charles; Class Officers: Hedrick, Bill R., SBA President; Pacific, Dean, Editor-in-Chief Ohio State Law Journal; Frees, Karen E., Editor-in-Chief Journal on Dispute Resolution; Peck, Richard A., President Lawyering Skills Executive Committee; Anaya, Rebecca B., Executive Director, Appellate Advocacy Advisory Council; Class Members (pictured): Alden, Noel; Allen, Margaret Ann; Amer, Christine Marie; Anderson, Kristopher; Anitas, Susan; Arens, Mary Lynn; Audi, Joseph; Bakaitis DeWolf, Gail L.; Bannerman, Robert Charles A.; Barnes, Timothy A.; Behringer, Douglas J.; Benjamin, Dana E.; Berhalter, Christopher M.; Bettle, Kara H.; Bishop, Rebecca J.; Black, Karen M.; Blakemore, Trina; Bosserman, Eric L.; Bott, April R.; Brandt, Adam; Brigner, Julie E.; Brown, Kristen; Busic, Amy L.; Campbell, David; Chiphe, Imani; Clark, Kristi L.; Clary, Lori A.; Cohen, Jennifer; Collica, R. Charles, II; Conklin, Mara E.; Conrath, Tonya Marie; Coyne, Martin O Rourke; Culshaw, Kelly; Davis, Jon T.; Dedes, Deanna; Delaney, Michael J.; DeVictor, Audra Osmena; Devoe, Megan; Dickinson, Sandra; Dilligard, Latonya L.; Dorrian, Julia L.; Doucher, Kimberley A.; Elleman, Steven J.; Enns, Terri L.; Erb, Shawna L.; Faure, David C.; Fidler, J. Paul; Ford, Dawn E.; Freund, Erin Lynne; Fubara, Ayayi (Aya); Gardner, Andrew; Goldsmith, Jennifer C.; Goldsmith, Katherine D.; Grady, Stephen; Graf-Caswell, MaryLynn; Granger, Aaron Louis; Greenball, Bonnie Beth; Groshoff, David A.; Guthrie, Heather West; Guttman, Todd G.; Gyles, Jeannette A.; Hall, Satricia; Henretta, David S.; Ice, Matthew E.; Jackson, Michael A.; Jen, Edward K.; Jerig, Tammy J.; Johnson, Christopher L.; Johnson, Melanye K.; Jorgensen, Matt; Joseph, Katherine L.; Joslin, James C.; Jung, Je Yon; Jupin, Seth M.; Kahle, M. Bridget; Kandawalla, Darius N.; Kantor, Matthew; Kaplan, Julie L.; Karamon, Martin C.; Keck, J. Bradley; Kidd, Thomas W.; Klema, Connie J.; Krall, Michelle C.; Kwak, James; LaBuhn, Matthew A.; Lape, Rodd B.; Larrimer, Craig E.; Larsen, Ann M.; Lilenfeld, David M.; Lindsey, Heather Robinson; Lindsey, Scott T.; Lipka, Thomas; Loebs, Kathryn E.; Majoras, Monica Ann; Marchal, John F.; Martin, Gary Paul; Mathews, Annemarie; Mathews, Colin; May, Julie B.; Mayer, Richard M.; McDonald, Kevin G.; McFarlane, Sarah; McGowan, Charles W., II; McIlvaine, Andrew S.; Meng, Chuncai; Messina, Michael J.; Meyers, Mark J.; Mills, Jennifer A.; Moll, Jeanette M.; Molnar, Jason Joseph; Moore, Jason Andrew; Morgan, Aimee L.; Morris, Kobie; Morrison, John; Myers, Bruce R.; Neus, Judith L.; North, Barbara Allen; Oliver, Dimetrius A.; Painter, Dorothy S.; Penn, D. Joshua; Pera, Marc G.; Pierre, Darrell M., Jr.; Pigg, Amy J.; Porter, John S.; Powell, Walter N.; Ramos, Diana; Richey, Jason L.; Robbins, Pamela S.; Robinson, Judith A.; Robinson, Robert Michael; Robison, Jennifer F.; Rogich, Lori Ann; Rudinger, Jennifer; Sanchez, Rene O.; Schoenfield, Nichol M.; Schoeppe, Michele M.; Schwartz, Stacey L.; Scott, David T.; Shafer, Bradley K.; Sherowski, Elizabeth; Shinn, Brian E.; Skingle, Denise; Small, Susan E.; Smith, Chris; Smith, Craig H.; Smith, Erika D.; Smith, Gregory D.; Smith, Kimberly M.; Smith, Rita L.; Smith, Thomas C.; Snavely, Michael; Sommer, Eric Michael; Steere, Jennifer K.; Stemen, Jill K.; Stephens, Arlus J.; Stewart, Tammy Marie; Strain, Howard G.; Strick, Christine M.; Suh, Jean M.; Thompson, Constance R.; Tolud, Jean Ernest; Troxell, Richard H. H.; Unger, Scott; Van der Laan, Mark D.; Vassiles, Chrysanthe E.; Vore, Julie M.; Warner, Jason D.; Waterfield, Amy J.; Wecker, Andrew; Westerman, Philip R.; Williams, Merlyn; Winston, David S.; Wood, Sabrina Lynn; Worobiec, Michele Selig; Writz, Cassandra L.; Zianno, Kimberly M
Erratum: Search for photons with energies above 1018 eV using the hybrid detector of the Pierre Auger Observatory (Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics (2017) 4 (9) DOI: 10.1088/1475-7516/2017/04/009)
No full text1 Exposure calculation Due to a mistake in the numerical integration following eq. (6.2) of the original article [1], the exposure shown in figure 5 of the original article was incorrect. The correct exposure is shown in figure 1. 2 Upper limits on the integral photon flux and fraction The incorrect exposure affects the calculation of the upper limits on the integral photon flux following eq. (6.1) of the original article. The correct values for the upper limits are 0.038, 0.010, 0.009, 0.008 and 0.007 km−2 sr−1 yr−1 for threshold energies of 1, 2, 3, 5 and 10 EeV. The correct values for the upper limits on the integral photon fraction subsequently derived are 0.14 %, 0.17 %, 0.42 %, 0.86 % and 2.9 % for the same threshold energies. 3 Author list The author list of this erratum also corrects a mistake made in the original article, where F. Zuccarello was missing and Z. Zong was listed twice
Evidence for a mixed mass composition at the ‘ankle’ in the cosmic-ray spectrum
No full textWe report a first measurement for ultrahigh energy cosmic rays of the correlation between the depth of shower maximum and the signal in the water Cherenkov stations of air-showers registered simultaneously by the fluorescence and the surface detectors of the Pierre Auger Observatory. Such a correlation measurement is a unique feature of a hybrid air-shower observatory with sensitivity to both the electromagnetic and muonic components. It allows an accurate determination of the spread of primary masses in the cosmic-ray flux. Up till now, constraints on the spread of primary masses have been dominated by systematic uncertainties. The present correlation measurement is not affected by systematics in the measurement of the depth of shower maximum or the signal in the water Cherenkov stations. The analysis relies on general characteristics of air showers and is thus robust also with respect to uncertainties in hadronic event generators. The observed correlation in the energy range around the ‘ankle’ at lg(E/eV)=18.5–19.0lg(E/eV)=18.5–19.0 differs significantly from expectations for pure primary cosmic-ray compositions. A light composition made up of proton and helium only is equally inconsistent with observations. The data are explained well by a mixed composition including nuclei with mass A>4A>4. Scenarios such as the proton dip model, with almost pure compositions, are thus disfavored as the sole explanation of the ultrahigh-energy cosmic-ray flux at Earth
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