1,720,954 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
The hostile media effect 2.0: influences of social networking sites on the (hostile) perception of news content
No full textSocial media platforms like Facebook have become crucial venues for news distribution and news consumption. Given this new form of news presentation, the question inevitably arises of how users perceive and process news in the context of social networking sites. In this regard, a key research question is whether people’s perception of news content is influenced by the environment, platform characteristics, and social information (e.g., user-generated comments or “likes”). As proposed by the hostile media effect, partisans tend to perceive neutral news coverage as biased and hostile. Most of the studies examining this effect have focused on a linear reception (e.g., newspapers, TV) of news. Social media, however, challenge the assumptions of the hostile media effect, as different information types (e.g., a news article and social information, such as user-generated comments) converge and seek the user’s attention. Owing to the increase of politically and civically relevant news content on social media platforms, this dissertation analyzes to what extent a biased and hostile perception of news content occurs on social networking sites. More specifically, the present thesis examines (1) whether people perceive news content on social networking sites as biased, (2) to what extent a friend as source or envoy of news content (e.g., via sharing a post) affects people’s biased perception in contrast to a professional journalistic source (e.g., news service), and (3) whether people’s perception of news content is affected by social information on networking platforms (e.g., user-generated comments, likes).
Based on three empirical studies, people’s perception of news content on social networking sites is examined. The first study analyzes to what extent the environment in which news content is published (social networking site vs. homepage of a news service) as well as the source of the news content has an influence on people’s (biased) perception. An online experiment was conducted using a between-subjects design with four conditions varying the source of a news article (N = 212). Results showed a biased perception of a news article when participants’ personal opinion was considered. However, neither an effect of the environment wherein news content was published nor of the source on the perceived hostility of the news content was found. But, results revealed that the source has an influence on the evaluation of the argumentation of the news content. People who saw the news service post on a social networking site rated the arguments of the article as less right, less fair, and less relevant than did participants who saw a post by a friend, a shared post by a friend authored by a news service, or news content on a news service’s website.
Study 2 examines the influence of the source and reach of news content. To this end, it was analyzed to what extent a wide reach increases people’s perceived hostility and bias of the presented news content. Results of an online experiment using a 2 (source: friend vs. news service) × 3 (reach: low, mid, high) between-subjects design (N = 360) showed that people with an extreme opinion perceived the news content as more biased than did participants with a moderate or low opinion. However, neither an effect of the source nor of reach on participants’ perceived news content hostility was found. In line with previous literature, results, however, showed that participants who reported higher perception of a general media slant (prior beliefs) perceived greater bias and hostility of the presented news content.
The third study investigated the influence of source and user-generated comments below a posting on people’s perception of ostensibly neutral news content. An online experiment using a 2 (source: friend vs. news service) × 4 (comments: pro, contra, mixed, none) between-subjects design was conducted (N = 331). Results showed that under consideration of people’s personal opinion, participants perceived a moderate hostile news content perception. Comments, however, did not influence participants’ hostile news content perception. Nevertheless, different standards (fairness, correctness, relevance of the argumentation of news content) were found to influence people’s perception of news content.
Empirical studies of the present work expand prior research and the state of knowledge by testing the hostile media effect in the context of a social networking site and examining the influence of mechanisms and social information on people’s (biased) perception of news content. Moreover, this work points out potential boundaries as well as new perspectives of the hostile media effect in social networking sites and strives for a systematic conceptualization of a complex phenomenon.Social Media Plattformen wie Facebook sind zentrale Orte für die Verbreitung und den Konsum von Nachrichten geworden. Die Frage, welche sich aufgrund dieser Entwicklung stellt ist, ob sich die Wahrnehmung von Nachrichteninhalten durch die Umgebung sowie Plattform-Charakteristika und soziale Informationen, wie z.B. Nutzer-Kommentare, bei den Konsumentinnen und Konsumenten ändert. Vor allem Anhänger bestimmter Meinungen nehmen oftmals neutrale Berichterstattungen als verzerrt und feindselig gegenüber ihrer eigenen Meinung wahr. Dieses Phänomen ist bekannt als Hostile Media Effekt. Die meisten Studien zu diesem Effekt untersuchten dabei die lineare Rezeption von Nachrichten in klassischen Medien, wie Zeitungen und Zeitschriften oder Fernsehen. Soziale Medien hingegen fordern einige Annahmen des Hostile Media Effekts heraus, da auf diesen Plattformen viele Informationen und unterschiedliche Informationstypen zusammenlaufen (z.B. der Nachrichtenartikel und nutzergenerierte Kommentare), die um die Aufmerksamkeit der Nutzenden konkurrieren. Auf Grundlage der steigenden Menge an politischen und gesellschaftlich relevanten Nachrichteninhalten auf Social Media Plattformen wird in dieser Dissertation analysiert inwiefern die verzerrte und feindselige Wahrnehmung von Nachrichteninhalten in sozialen Netzwerkseiten auftritt. In diesem Zuge wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit betrachtet, (1) ob Personen Nachrichteninhalte auf sozialen Netzwerkseiten als verzerrt wahrnehmen, (2) ob ein/e Freund/in als Quelle oder Bote einer Nachricht (z.B. durch das Posten/Teilen von Nachrichteninhalten) zu einer Verringerung der verzerrten Wahrnehmung im Gegensatz zu einer professionellen journalistischen Quelle (z.B. Nachrichtendienst) führt und (3) ob die Wahrnehmung von Personen durch soziale Informationen (z.B. Nutzerkommentare, „Likes“) auf sozialen Netzwerkseiten beeinflusst wird.
Auf Basis von drei empirischen Studien wurde die Wahrnehmung von Nachrichteninhalten auf sozialen Netzwerkseiten untersucht. Dabei untersuchte die erste Studie (N = 212), inwieweit das Umfeld, in dem eine Nachricht veröffentlicht wird (soziale Netzwerkseite vs. Internetseite eines Nachrichtendienstes) sowie die Quelle einen Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung eines Nachrichteninhalts hat. Ergebnisse dieses Online-Experiments zeigen, dass Personen Nachrichteninhalte als verzerrt wahrnehmen, wenn ihre persönliche Meinung mit einberechnet wird. Es konnte jedoch kein Effekt der Quelle auf die wahrgenommene Verzerrung und Feindseligkeit des Nachrichteninhalts festgestellt werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten jedoch, dass die Quelle einen Einfluss auf die Evaluation der Argumentation einer Nachricht hat. Personen, die einen Post eines Nachrichtendienstes auf der sozialen Netzwerkseite sahen, nahmen den Inhalt als weniger richtig, weniger fair und weniger relevant wahr.
Studie 2 fokussierte den Einfluss der Quelle und der Reichweite einer Nachricht und untersuchte, ob eine große Reichweite zu einer stärker wahrgenommenen Verzerrung führt. Ergebnisse eines Online-Experiments mit 360 Teilnehmenden (2 [Quelle: Freund vs. Nachrichtendienst] × 3 [Reichweite: klein, mittel, groß] between-subjects design) zeigten, dass Personen mit einer extremen Meinung zu dem präsentierten Thema den Nachrichteninhalt als stärker verzerrt wahrnahmen als Personen mit einer geringen oder moderaten persönlichen Meinung. Es wurden keine Effekte der Quelle sowie der Reichweite auf die wahrgenommene Verzerrung und Feindseligkeit des Nachrichteninhalts gefunden. Die Ergebnisse zeigten, dass Personen, die generell voreingenommen gegenüber den Medien waren (prior beliefs) und die generelle mediale Berichterstattung als verzerrt wahrnahmen, eine größere Verzerrung und Feindseligkeit des gezeigten Medieninhalts wahrnahmen.
Die dritte Studie untersuchte, welchen Einfluss die Quelle sowie Nutzerkommentare auf die Wahrnehmung von neutralen Nachrichteninhalten haben (N = 331). Ergebnisse eines Online-Experiments (2 [Quelle: Freund vs. Nachrichtendienst] × 4 [Kommentare: pro, contra, gemischt, keine]) zeigten gleichermaßen wie bei Studie 1 und 2, dass unter Einbezug der persönlichen Meinung, Personen eine verzerrte Wahrnehmung hinsichtlich des Nachrichteninhalts wahrgenommen haben. Zudem wurde erkenntlich, dass die Fairness, Korrektheit und Relevanz der Argumentation des Nachrichteninhalts (different standards) die Wahrnehmung von Personen beeinflusst. Kommentare hingegen hatten keinen Einfluss auf die Wahrnehmung des Nachrichteninhalts.
Die empirischen Studien dieser Arbeit erweitern den aktuellen Forschungsstand dahingehend, dass der Hostile Media Effekt in einer sozialen Netzwerkseite untersucht wurde und zudem der Einfluss von sozialen Nutzerinformationen auf die (verzerrte) Wahrnehmung von Personen betrachtet wurde. Darüber hinaus zeigt die vorliegende Arbeit potentielle Grenzen sowie neue Perspektiven des Hostile Media Effekts in sozialen Netzwerkseiten auf und strebt nach einer systematischen Konzeptualisierung eines komplexen Phänomens
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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