26 research outputs found
Database Sebagai Pendukung Manajemen Keselamatan Bongkar Muat, Pengangkutan Dan Penimbunan Muatan Berbahaya Di Lingkungan Terminal Petikemas Surabaya
Get PDFPada proses bongkar muat, penimbunan dan pengangkutan muatan berbahaya di
Terminal Petikemas terdapat resik.o bahaya potensial yang berpengaruh terhadap
masyarakat maupun lingkungan alam. Untuk mengurangi besamya dampak kecelakaan yang
diak:ibatkan oleh muatan berbahaya dapat ditempuh dengan cara menerapkan atau
mengembangkan manajemen keselamatan. Tugas Akbir ini berisi tentang Database sebagai
pendukung manajemen keselamatan untuk penanganan muatan berbahaya pada proses
bongkar muat , penimbunan dan pengangkutan. Sistimatik.a Program database sesuai dengan
divisi kerja bagian operasional di lingkungan Terminal Petikemas Surabaya yaitu Bagian
planning ,Bagian operation ,Bagian safety and firs aid ,Bagian customer ,Bagian public
information. Dengan adanya Database ini dapat mengurangi ketidak sempumaan dalam
penanganan muatan berbahaya dengan cara memberi infonnasi tentang cara penanganan
muatan berbahaya kepada semua personel yang terlibat dalam penanganan muatan
berbahaya baik untuk proses bongkar muat, penimbunan dan pengangkutan sehingga
melakukan tugasnya dengan benar. Dengan penanganan yang benar kecelakaan dapat
diminimalkan
Pengembangan Jaringan Distribusi Listrik arus Searah (DC) Pada Kapal Bertenaga Listrik Hibrida Menggunakan DFIG (Doubly Fed Induction Generator) untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Kelistrikan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Konsumsi dan Emisi Bahan Bakar
No full textThe application of a direct current distribution system offers a concept in developing environmentally friendly ship technology. The use of renewable energy onboard such as wind turbines increases the electricity grid's complexity. The electric power distribution system concept uses DC to reduce the hybrid electrical system's risk of failure. This concept presents several advantages: increased efficiency, easy integration of various types of power sources such as batteries and wind turbines. The application of converter electronics, namely the Buck and boost converter, has made a breakthrough in the voltage converter. The DC distribution system no longer uses switchgear or transformers to optimise space on the ship.
This research focuses on developing direct current (DC) electricity distribution networks on passenger-cargo ships powered by hybrid electricity, sourced from diesel generators, batteries and wind turbines using DFIG (Dobly Fed Induction Generator). The research objectives include (1)—applied trimaran theory studies to determine the optimal primary size for the hybrid electric-powered trimaran passenger ship. (2). Apply the ship's electrical system theory in determining the electricity needs of a trimaran passenger ship to ensure the availability of electrical energy by the ship's operations. (3). Analyse and determine ship power capacity sourced from Diesel generators, batteries, and wind turbines using the DFIG (Dobly Fed Induction Generator) based on ship operations. (4). developed a valid mathematical model for trimaran passenger ships' hybrid electrical system with unmeshed net direct-current distribution by implementing buck and boost converter. (5). Analyse and evaluate the performance of the trimaran passenger ship's hybrid electricity system, such as load flow analysis and power losses from the hybrid electricity network with direct current distribution according to the operating conditions of passenger ship shipping. (6). analyse and evaluate Buck's performance and boost converter in a hybrid power grid with direct current distribution as a stabiliser, increase and decrease voltage function. (7). Analyse the wind turbine's performance in charging the battery on a trimaran passenger ship with direct current distribution.
The method used in this study includes optimisation of the primary size of the ship. The cargo-passenger ship designed to have a payload capacity of 620 tons with a service speed of 34 knots or 17.49 m / s. According to UCL trimaran studies, the optimal primary vessel size is obtained by validating the hull coefficient and making corrections to ship displacement, ship trim, and ship stability. Next, the calculation of the electrical equipment on the cargo-passenger ship. The capacity of each vessel supporting equipment or components is determined. Calculation of equipment or components onboard such as leading propulsion engine work support equipment, general service support equipment on ships, ship air control and ventilation system equipment, ship navigation and communication system equipment and ship lighting system equipment. Then, the calculation of electricity requirements following electrical operating conditions carried out. Electricity requirements in each ship's operating conditions pay attention to the type of load for each equipment. In addition to the type of load, the calculation of electricity requirements also considers the load factor of each equipment. The next stage is making an electrical system model with an unmeshed DC model distribution system in the software. The software used in this research is electric power system analysis and electric power simulation (PSIM). Two models developed to determine the performance of the electrical system. In the software, simulations carried out to determine the power flow and power losses in the DC distribution system. In the power simulator, a model developed intending to know the power electronic system components such as the Buck and boost converter. The study also discusses the application of wind turbines on ships. There are 6 (six) ships installed in the wind turbine. The electricity supply by the wind turbine used to supply the battery continuously.
The results of optimization and validation of the primary size of the passenger-cargo ship trimaran electric powered by hybrid power obtained the size of the ship with hull E with Lpp = 124.490 m, B = 32.525 m, T = 4.057 m, H = 10.141 m and Vs = 34 knots or 17.4896 m / s. The electricity needs of a trimaran in sailing conditions, the real power is 20,638 MW, and the reactive power is 7,971 Mar. In manoeuvring conditions, the real power requirement is 21.722 MW, and the reactive power is 8.389 Mar. For loading and unloading conditions, the real power requirement is 0.638 MW, and the reactive power is 0.31 Mar. Meanwhile, when entering the port, the power required is 13,119 MW for real power and 5.078 MW for reactive power. The trimaran ship's power source capacity based on sailing conditions, the availability of electric power supplied by 4 (four) diesel generators, and 11,594.2 AH batteries. The total power available is 24.3 MW consisting of 22.8 MW. The total power distributed is 20.6 MW for real power (P) and 14.5 Mar (Q) for reactive power. The load factor for each generator is 85 per cent. In manoeuvring conditions, the availability of electric power supplied by 5 (five) diesel generators. The total power available is 28.5 MW. The total power distributed is 21.73 MW for real power (P) and 18.17 Mar (Q) for reactive power. With a load factor on each generator of 76.2% per cent. A battery will supply loading and unloading conditions, the electricity needs in this loading and unloading condition with a power capacity of 1000 kW for 2 hours. In loading and unloading operation conditions, the battery has a capacity of 1,571.5 AH with a voltage of 690 VDC for 2 hours. The power distributed is 720 kW. When entering a port, the power requirement will be fulfilled by supplying electrical energy from 3 (three) diesel generators. The total power available is 17.1 MW. The total power distributed is 13.32 MW for real power (P) and 10.9 Mar (Q) for reactive power. With a load factor on each generator of 77% per cent.The electrical system was modelling on a hybrid electric-powered trimaran passenger ship with a DC distribution system developed in a one-line diagram by applying the Boost and Buck converter components as a voltage regulator, which functions as a voltage stabilizer from 11kV DC to 11 kV DC. The second function is to reduce the voltage (step down) from 11kV DC to 0.69 kV DC. Simultaneously, the third function is as a step-up from a voltage of 0.69 kV DC to a voltage of 11 kV DC. After that, the DC voltage distributed to all electrical equipment by converting it to AC voltage through an inverter. The buck and boost converter application has been successfully implemented to stabilize, increase and reduce the voltage. The resulting voltage profile is more stable through the buck and boost converter and has a smaller voltage ripple than before entering the buck and boost converter. The power flow simulation in a DC distribution system shows that the power available for each condition meets the class requirements. In each operating condition, each generator's load factor is 85%, where the generator capacity of 5700 kW or 7125 kVA will distribute the real power of 4845 kW and the reactive power of 3634 kVAR. In this DC distribution system, there has been a loss of power on the bus.In the ship's main propulsion panel, the most considerable total power loss is in the manoeuvring conditions of 14.8 kW for real power and 3 kVar reactive power. Furthermore, in the system panel and deck machining, the enormous total power loss is in the sailing condition of 336.47 kW for real power and 66.66 kvar reactive power. Furthermore, in the HVAC and Electric panels, the same total power loss under sailing, manoeuvring and loading conditions is 7,158 kW for real power and 1,422 kvar reactive power. Implementing 6 (six) wind turbines using a doubly-fed induction generator ( DFIG) on the hybrid electric-powered trimaran passenger ship increased ship resistance, namely the air resistance coefficient, so that the main propulsion of the ship increased to 19910,827 kW or 26700.8 HP. By installing 6 (six) wind turbines installed on the ship's deck with an average power capacity of 360 kW with a voltage produced by 692 AC Volts and an ampere of 650 Ampere will charge 1 (one) battery panel takes 2831 seconds or 47.1 minutes. For charging 2 (two) battery panels, which consists of 2 battery panels arranged in parallel where each panel contains 19 batteries arranged in series. Two battery panels have a voltage of 684 Volt DC with a capacity of 900 AH. Charging two battery panels takes 5542 seconds or 1 hour 54 minutes
Design and Simulation of Automatic Ballast System on Catamaran Ship Based on Programmable Logic Control
Get PDFDevelopment of Power Management System for Electric Power Generation in Tanker Ship Based on Simulation
No full textPerancangan Power Management System pada Kapal Penumpang
Get PDFPower Management System merupakan suatu sistem yang mengontrol dan memonitoring generator untuk menghasilkan daya dan akhirnya dialirkan pada peralatan kelistrikan yang ada pada sebuah kapal. Load atau beban merupakan peralatan kelistrikan yang perlu dicukupi oleh generator selaku sumber kelistrikan. Sifat pembebanan dari peralatan listrik dapat ditentukan dengan frekuensi kerja atau intensitas penggunaannya dalam suatu kurun waktu tertentu. Paralel generator dapat diartikan menggabungkan dua buah generator atau lebih dan kemudian dioperasikan secara bersama – sama. Dimulai dari perhitungan beban kelistrikan dan generator, hingga penggolongan peralatan yang dianggap essen dan harus terus beroperasi untuk menjamin kinerja kapal. Setelah itu dapat ditentukan batas bawah kemampuan generator dalam menyuplai daya listrik.</p
Design HMI (Human Machine Interface) for Process Control System of Main Diesel Engine Fuel System
No full textControlling and monitoring of ship fuel treatment system is based on the needs of safety and business. Therefore, ship automatic fuel system is a support system recommended by ship classification society, engine manufacture, and shipping company. The new system may give highly efficiency operation and supervision. In this research, we developed marine diesel fuel system interface to monitor how the systems work. Main diesel engine fuel system consist of transfer system, separation system, feed system, and circulation system. The aim of this research is to control and display the shipboard fuel system. All valves, pumps, and separator units were controlled by programmable logic controller using tank level switches as input signal. We have tested this automation system with a computer simulations. As an initial step, valves, pumps, and separator units are successfully controlled and displayed. Based on program simulation, the operational leading time of settling tank and day tank are one hour and 9,8 hours, respectively. It is mean both of one settling tank or day tank are ready before the another tank empty. This system also have detection ability due to system failure.</jats:p
Kajian Teknis Gejala Magnetisasi pada Linear Generator untuk Alternatif Pembangkit Listrik
Get PDFDi Indonesia terkenal dengan perairannya yang memiliki potensi untuk mengembangkan ilmu pengetahuan dengan memanfaatkan gelombang dan arus laut. Untuk memanfaatkan energy alam yang tersedia dari gelombang laut itu maka dilakukan penelitian tentang linear generator untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga gelombang laut. Untuk melakukan pembuatan linear generator memerlukan beberapa kali penelitian tentang hal ini. Salah satunya adalah tentang bagaimana magnetisasi yang ditimbulkan oleh translator dapat menjadi optimal dan menghasilkan daya yang besar. Untuk itu penelitian magnetisasi dilakukan dengan cara membuat berbagai prototype magnet induksi dan magnet permanen untuk membandingkan mana yang lebih baik. Dengan ukuran ketebalan magnet induksi 2 cm dan variasi lilitan 50 dan 100 lilitan dan juga diset untuk voltase 6 volt maka didapatlah hasil fluks magnet tertinggi dari prototype magnet 100 lilitan sebesar 23.8 weber.</p
Design of Protection Coordination for Overcurrent on Electrical System in Tanker Ship Plan Using Electro Mechanical Trip Device
Get PDFDisturbance of power system in ship is unavoidable case that required a function from safety system to separate the affected parts of system. The disturbance in electrical system generally is a short-circuit current. It is affected when there are two conductors having lowest impedance in normal condition that have two different voltages thus causing an overcurrent. There is one of the device protection to prevent a disturbance like short circuit current, is circuit breaker. It opens the contact with component or system that disturbance using electromechanical trip device. The principal operating of trip device is using electric current flow in the circuit breaker and the magnet induces the tripping part to moving the contact from closed position to the opened position. The main discussion is to coordinate circuit breakers in four operating conditions of the ship's generator using software ETAP. The simulation of the result obtained value of short circuit in main bus one at sailing condition is 8.2 kA. Tripping time for the circuit breakers in sailing condition at one typical disturbance are 0.75 seconds for circuit breaker number 29; 0.83 seconds for circuit breaker number 37 and 1 second for circuit breaker number 28
Kajian Teknis Fenomena Getaran Vorteks pada Variasi Jumlah Oscillating Part Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Arus Air Laut
Get PDF– Penelitian ini mengkaji secara teknis fenomena getaran vorteks yang ada di laut dengan menggunakan computational fluid dynamic dan perhitungan manual untuk mengetahui karakteristik fluida saat melalui oscillating part pada pembangkit listrik bertenaga arus air laut, terdapat empat model oscillating part dengan jumlah yang berbeda dan variasi kecepatan awal yang berbeda. Parameter lingkungan pada simulasi disesuaikan dengan karakteristik perairan yang menjadi acuan , yakni perairan Karimata. Hasil simulasi model berupa gaya lift dan kecepatan eksitasi yang selanjutnya dihitung dengan persamaan matematis menghasilkan nilai respon dinamis total (amplitudo) yang selanjutnya ditampilkan dalam bentuk grafik amplitudo pada setiap model dan dari setiap model dipilih model dengan nilai amplitudo paling mendekati 0.5 m. Grafik tersebut diperoleh berdasarkan nilai amplitudo dari 1 hingga 120 detik. Selanjutnya model yang masuk kualifikasi direkomendasikan sebagai oscillating part yang sesuai untuk pembangkit listrik tenaga arus air laut. Dalam hal ini adalah model I yang berjumlah 2 silinder dengan nilai amplitudo maksimum kisaran 0.09 – 0.1 m dan jarak antar silinder sebesar 0.5 m. Selain itu , dalam jurnal ini dijelaskan mengenai fenomena getaran vorteks yang terjadi pada setiap variasi jumlah oscillating part. Sesuai dengan variasi konfigurasi dan kecepatan pada saat percobaan melalui permodelan maka diperoleh berbagai macam karakteristik fenomena getaran vorteks beserta anomalia yang terjadi pada aliran fluida setiap model .</p
Penerapan Sistem Elektronik Terintegrasi pada Rancang Bangun Kapal Patroli Buatan Dalam Negeri untuk Meningkatkan Kemandirian Bangsa didalam Menjaga Kedaulatan Maritim
Get PDFUmumnya kapal-kapal buatandalam negeri dirancang dan dibangun denganperlengkapan dan peralatan kapal yang beroperasidengan cara manual. Hal ini bertolak belakangdengan produk-produk import baik yang masihberupa desain maupun bangunan kapal, dimanasistem elektronik terintegrasi (SET) sudah menjadibagian utama. SET menawarkan kemampuan yangtinggi untuk operasional, monitoring, data sharing,maintenance, solution, sampai berkembang menjadiintelligent-system bahkan kearah konsep autonomous.Paper ini membahas aplikasi konsep SET untuksistem propulsi dan management power padarancangan kapal patroli 80 meter. Otomatisasi sistemsecara teknis dapat meningkatkan performance kapaldari segi efisiensi bahan bakar, efisiensi kerja awakkapal, kemudahan operasional, ramah lingkungan,keamanan, kenyamanan, dan keselamatan kapaldengan adanya early warning system yang handal
