184 research outputs found
Mindaugas' portrait of the 19th and the 20th century dramaturgy.
No full textMain focus of work – late Enlightenment classicism style tragedy “Mindaugas, King of Lithuania” written by Lithuanian Polish writer Euzebiusz Slowacki and historical drama from the Romantic period “Mindaugis, King of Lithuania” written by his son Julius Slowacki. I will be also analysing modernist drama-poem “Mindaugas” written by Lithuanian writer Justinas Marcinkevicius. The aim of work is to fully understand the hero’s characteristics and its connection to the different eras of the artistic concept based on a thorough methodology. Work content includes a detailed overview of the drama theory that accurately describes how tragic hero’s portrait unfolds. Majority of his characteristics are most prevalent in the dialogue, since then we can observe main hero’s relationship with other characters, his language style, tone. Main character can also be analysed from the perspective of other characters. Socio-cultural context helped better understand why all authors depicted Mindaugas differently in their dramas. Drama pieces of E. Slowacki are emotional dramas where characters get involved in a classic love triangle (he might have been influenced by a tragedy of French playwright Jean Racine). The author shows that Mindaugas behavior is not only innate, but also circumstantial. Decisions of the main character are often influenced by other characters as well as the character is emotionally volatile. Therefore, Mindaugas is quite a complicated figure. Drama of Juliusz Slowacki is his youth drama. In contrast to his father’s tragedy piece “Mindaugas”, his son in his drama focuses on religious and political relations, baptism is an integral part of the theme. The hero, depicted by the author, is much more complex, multi-layered, just as his conflict. His immoral behavior stems from the political situation; this romantic hero hides his goals, is detached from people, therefore remains alone, misunderstood, feels betrayed. In the poem-drama piece of J. Marcinkevicius, he puts more focus on the idea of Lithuania, its purpose of unification. It serves as a motive that influences the main character’s behavior and choices. Mindaugas appears as a victim because of a sacrifice of his personal and his relatives’ happiness. However, in order to achieve noble goals, he makes violent, unjust decisions. There is one thing that all these dramas have in common – playwrights in different ways depict Mindaugas as being cruel, however such depiction is justified. Often immoral decisions are circumstantial or dependent on other characters. Mindaugas by E. Slowacki is emotional, overpowering and passionate lover; by J. Slowacki – reserved, lonely and suffering hero. Mindaugas depicted by J. Marcinkevicius is selfless, overpowering and inevitably tragic hero
Odkrycie „polifonicznego” Wilna. Mindaugas Kvietkauskas o dwudziestowiecznym początku wileńskiej literatury
No full textDiscovery of „polyphonic Vilnius”. Mindaugas Kvietkauskas on the 20th century beginning of Vilnian literatureThe author of the review describes Mindaugas Kvietkauskas’ Literature’s polyphony in Vilnius in early stage of modernism in years 1904–1915 paying particular attention to the original and innovative form of interpretation of cross-cultural relationships shaping the multilingual literature of Vilnius at the beginning of the 20th century. Kvietkauskas reaches for texts written in five languages (Lithuanian, Polish, Yiddish, Belarussian and Russian) and argues with the existing approaches by exposing the ethnical individuality of each national literature and undermines the picture of Vilnius at the beginning of the 20th century as being centred around polishness only.
The donation of King Mindaugas to the Lithuanian bishop christian: considerations on a possible controversy
No full textThe Christianisation of Lithuania is usually dated to the late 14th and early 15th centuries, but the first attempt to turn Lithuania into a Christian kingdom was made by Mindaugas. In 1251 he was baptised by the Master of Livonia Andreas de Velven (also known as von Stirland), and in 1253 was crowned King of Lithuania with the support of Pope Innocent IV. Christian (Kristijonas), the Livonian priest who taught the ruler the virtues of Christianity, a member of the Teutonic Order, became the first Bishop of Lithuania at Mindaugas’ request. It is known that Mindaugas bequeathed several lands to Christian in 1254. The article examines the background to this act of providing for the Diocese of Lithuania. The author argues that the donation of the possessions to Christian is the most important source that can help identify Mindaugas’ own domain. He hypothesises that Mindaugas’ domain may have been located south of the lands donated to Bishop Christian, in an area known in historiography as the defence line of the lower River Nemunas. In his analysis of this hypothesis, the author presents arguments that invite us to reconsider the established assertion in historiography that the domains of the senior dukes could have been located in present-day east Lithuania.Humanitarinių mokslų fakultetas / Faculty of HumanitiesVytauto Didžiojo universitetas / Vytautas Magnus Universit
Mindaugas Lenkijos XIX ir XX a. istoriografijoje
No full textStraipsnyje apžvelgiami svarbiausi pastarųjų dviejų šimtmečių Lenkijos istorikų tyrimai, skirti Lietuvos valdovo Mindaugo veiklai. Atskirai aptariamas T. Narbutto, J.I. Kraszewskio, J. Lelewelio, W. Kętrzyskio, W. Abrahamo, K. Chodynickio, W. Kamienieckio, L. Krzywickio, S. Zajączkowskio, F. Papée, G. Baszczyko ir kitų istorikų indėlis į istoriografiją. Kaip originaliausi ir svarbiausi plačiau analizuojami J. Latkowskio, A. Prochaskos, H. Paszkiewicziaus, H. owmiaskio tyrimai. Apibendrinant išskirti trys intensyviausių Mindaugo veiklos tyrinėjimų laikotarpiai: pirmoji XIX a. pusė, XIX-XX a. sandūra ir ir XX a. 4-asis dešimtmetis. Pirmuoju laikotarpiu suformuluoti nauji uždaviniai ir neretai iškeltos taiklios koncepcijos, tačiau nebuvo taikomi kritiniai tyrimų metodai. Antruoju įvyko persilaužimas nustatant Mindaugo gyvenimo ir veiklos faktus, trečiuoju gerokai išsiplėtė jo epochos pažinimas. Istorikų susidomėjimas to meto problemomis kito, tačiau kai kurie klausimai, kaip antai Mindaugo vaidmuo kuriant Lietuvos valstybę, jo krikšto ir apostazės motyvai bei aplinkybės, visada užėmė svarbią vietą istorikų darbuose, diskusijose. Mindaugo veiklos vertinimus lėmė įvairūs veiksniai: pasiektas pažinimo lygis, aktualios istoriografijos tendencijos, tyrinėtojo pasaulėžiūra. Nors vertinimai labai skirtingi, net labai kritiški tyrinėtojai (A. Prochaska) pripažino jo svarbų vaidmenį Lietuvos istorijoje. Į Mindaugo veiklos ir jo epochos tyrimus Lenkijos istorikai įnešė esminį indėlį. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Istorija (XIX a.); Istorija (XX a.); Istoriografija; Karaliai ir valdovai; Lenkija (Lenkijos karalystė. Kingdom of Poland. Poland); Kings; HistoriographyThe article overviews the most important historic research of the last two centuries that focused on activities of a Lithuanian monarch Mindaugas. The article discusses the contribution of T. Narbuttas, J.I. Kraszewski, J. Lelewelis, W. Kętrzyski, W. Abraham, K. Chodynicki, W. Kamieniecki, L. Krzywicki, S. Zajączkowski, F. Papée, G. Baszczyk, and others. Research works of J. Latkowski, A. Prochaska, H. Paszkiewicz, and H. Owmiaskis are analysed in greater detail as the most original and important ones. In general, the author identifies three of the most intensive research periods: the first half of the 19th century, turn of the 19th century, and 1930s. The first research period may be characterised by new tasks of research and often straight forward conceptions, but it lacked critical research methods. The second period reached the turning-point in identifying facts about Mindaugas life and his activities. The third one significantly expanded knowledge about his epoch. Historical interest in problems of those times was changing, but some issues, for example Mindaugas’ role in creating the state of Lithuania and the moments and the circumstances of his christening and apostasies, always took important parts in historical works and discussions. The evaluation of Mindaugas activities was depended on various factors: the level of knowledge reached, actual historiographic tendencies, and the worldview of the researcher. Although evaluations were very different, even the most critical researchers (A. Prochaska) acknowledged the importance of his role in Lithuanian history. Polish historians made critical contribution into researching Mindaugas activities and his epoch
Safety, information and multimedia applications support in vehicular communication networks.
No full textVehicular communication networks are of the fastest growing and one of the most attention gaining mobile technologies. This new platform enables a plethora of communication-based automotive applications including road safety, information and multimedia which can make travel more safe and comfortable. At the moment, the main vehicular communication areas which need deeper scientific analysis are: road safety, information and multimedia service support, integration and employment of different wireless technologies, privacy and security in vehicular communication networks. In this work it is investigated road safety, information and multimedia service support opportunities and prospects. It was made deep analysis of literature, presented simulation software analysis. It was made road safety, information and multimedia service support in vehicular communication networks: AODV and ADV ad-hoc routing protocols performance; communication efficiency when sender and recipient are moving in opposite directions in highway; employment of 802.11b, 802.11p ir 802.16e technologies. Also it is presented new trust based authentication scheme for information and multimedia service support safety in vehicular communication
Įvairialypių paslaugų integravimo kintančios topologijos automobilių komunikacijos tinkluose galimybių išvystymas.
No full textFor the development of systems for the heterogeneous service support in the complex changing topology vehicular communication networks environment the new generation of communication tools are needed. There is a lack of methods and techniques that will enable a more accurate assessment of enriched and distributed context information according to a consumer preferences and transport system communication network configuration options. It has to be directly linked with quality of intelligent service support process of improvement. The main aim of this work is to develop a prototype system for vehicle communication network infrastructure configuration that integrates context information dissemination methods based on multicriteria data utility evaluation. The models for the context data storage and exchange were developed allowing to reduce the volume of the transmitted data and to use the resources of the channel in the cooperative manner. It was created the architecture and prototype for the situation-aware, adaptive vehicular communication based systems design and is able to evaluate and enrich context information real-time. The established methodology enables efficient creation of new situations-aware systems, enabling a more efficient exchange of context information. The experiments proved that the performance of the system prototype is efficient, and the offered software and system tools integration solutions allow reduction of transmitted useless data in changing topology vehicular communication network
Mindaugas Paknys. Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai : recenzija
No full textRecenzijoje pristatoma Mindaugo Paknio knyga „Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai“. Tai reikšmingo šaltinio – 1636 metais atlikto Vilniaus namų surašymo – publikacija ir studija. Šaltinio vertimą autorius papildė gana gausia to laikotarpio informacija apie aprašomus namus, žmones bei įvykius iš kitų skelbtų šaltinių rinkinių ir studijų (37 pozicijos), taip pat iš Lietuvos valstybės istorijos archyve esančių senųjų aktų bei Lietuvos Metrikos mikrofilmų ir Mokslų akademijos bibliotekos Rankraščių skyriuje saugomų fondų. Šie papildymai leidžia susidaryti kur kas išsamesnį vaizdą apie Vilnių, nei pateiktas pats šaltinio originalas. Vertimo pateikimas greta originalo ypač naudingas studentams bei visiems dirbsiantiems su šaltiniais, bet nepakankamai gerai mokantiems lenkų kalbą. Jis padės formuotis ir šio pobūdžio lietuviškai terminijai. Skelbiamas originalas pirmiausia neabejotinai naudingas istorikams profesionalams, jis padės atskleisti to meto tokio pobūdžio šaltinių sudarymo specifiką. Šaltinis publikuojamas nenutolstant nuo to meto raštininkų rašybos, o tai geriau atskleidžia tos epochos dvasią. Tiek skelbiamas šaltinis, tiek pagal jį autoriaus parengta studija neabejotinai praplės Vilniaus senamiesčio kaip visumos ir ypač jo atskirų pastatų tyrinėjimo galimybes. Reikšminiai žodžiai: Miestas; Miestiečiai; Mindaugas Paknys; Vilnius; „Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai“; Citizens; City; Mindaugas Paknys; Vilnius; „Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai“The review presents the book “Vilniaus miestas ir miestiečiai 1636 m.: namai, gyventojai, svečiai” [Vilnius City and Dwellers in 1636: Buildings, Inhabitants, Guests] by Mindaugas Paknys. It is a publication and study of a significant source – the census of buildings of Vilnius carried out in 1636. The author supplemented the translation of the source with rather abundant information of that period about the described buildings, people and events from other published source collections and studies (37 positions), as well as from the old acts kept at the Lithuanian State Historical Archives, the Lithuanian Metrica microfilms and the stocks of the Manuscript Division of the Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. These additions allow creating a much more comprehensive picture of Vilnius than the original source. The presentation of the translation next to the original is very valuable for students and everyone who work with sources yet are not quite competent in Polish. It will help to form Lithuanian terminology of this field. The published original is primarily definitely valuable to professional historians; it will help to reveal the specifics of the structure of the then similar sources. The source is published without digressing from the then orthography, which adds to better revealing of the spirit of that epoch. Both the published source and the study prepared by the author will definitely expand the opportunities of researching Vilnius Old Town as a whole and particularly its separate buildings
FREGE’S ĮNAŠAS Į REIKŠMĖS SAMPRATĄ
No full textStraipsnyje dėstoma, komentuojama ir interpretuojama Gottlobo Frege’s reikšmės teorija, kurios pagrindą sudaro reikalavimas kiekvieno kalbos ženklo semantikoje skirti prasmės (Sinn) ir referencijos (Bedeutung) lygmenis. Atskleidþiamos loginės lingvistinės priežastys, nulėmusios Frege’s sprendimą laikytis diferencinės reikšmės sampratos, taip pat remiantis „prasmės“ ir „referencijos“ terminologiniu instrumentarijumi parodoma, kuo skiriasi, o kita vertus, kuo panašūs Frege’s įtvirtinti požiūriai į tikrinio vardo ir į teigiamojo (asertorinio) sakinio reikšmes. Vadovaujantis prielaida, kad žodžio ar posakio reikšmės sudedamąja dalimi gali būti tik tie veiksniai, kurie yra būtini kompetentingam kalbos supratimui, Frege’s išskirti semantiniai aspektai straipsnyje įvertinami ir šiuo atžvilgiu. Daroma išvada, kad tikrasis semantinis terminas yra „prasmė“, o referencijos lygmens esybės (objektai, teisingumo vertės) nėra nekeliančios abejonių reikšmės sudedamosios dalys, todėl referencijos aspekto statusas Frege’s tipo reikšmės teorijoje tampa neaiškus.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: Frege, kalba, reikšmė, prasmė, referencija
FREGE’S CONTRIBUTION TO THE NOTION OF MEANING
Mindaugas Japertas
Summary
The article aims at exposition, commenting and interpreting Frege’s theory of meaning, based on the requirement to distinguish, in the meaning of a sign, the level of sense (Sinn) and the correlative level of reference (Bedeutung). The author directs attention to some logico-linguistic reasons which seem to have urged Frege to advocate the differential conception of meaning. In accordance with Frege’s decision to use the theoretical notions of sense and reference, the relevant semantic features of a proper name as well as of a declarative sentence are explored. Since only something which constitutes what someone who understands the word or expression implicitly grasps can be counted as a possible ingredient in meaning, the claim is made that entities on the level of reference (objects, truth-values) are not undeniable ingredients of meaning. Sense therefore is left in the role of a genuine semantic concept.
Keywords: Frege, language, meaning, sense, reference
Daugialypių mobiliųjų paslaugų teikimo galimybės autotransporto komunikacijos tinkluose
No full textResearch on the provision of heterogeneous services in the field of intelligent transport is of great interest in the rapidly changing infrastructure of road transport. In particular, the availability of such services has increased through the use of wireless technologies and communication tools. The current development of Information Communication Technologies (ICT) and the integration of intelligent transport platforms and service systems make it possible to significantly improve road safety and reduce the likelihood of road accidents. However, the delivery of mobile-smart services requires the development of a rather sophisticated infrastructure to support multicast services. The purpose of this scientific article is to analyze the data transmission capabilities for heterogeneous services while ensuring road safety. The paper deals with the tasks of evaluating the possibilities of integrating such mobile services into the infrastructure of motor vehicles. Measuring bandwidth by enabling multicast services on the base of Ad-hoc wireless networks becomes an important task. The demonstrated results illustrate the capabilities of wireless networks by simulating these services in a transport service generating environment. The paper demonstrates that high-quality heterogeneous services require new wireless network interaction protocols, such as a session initiation protocol (SIP), GPRS functionality, routing protocols, and channel access to provide a large number of supportive service components.Moksliniai tyrimai intelektualaus transporto nevienalyčių paslaugų teikimo srityje yra labai aktualūs sparčiai besikeičiančios infrastuktūros automobilių transporte. Ypač tokių paslaugų teikimo galimybės išaugo, pasitelkiant belaides technologijas ir ryšių komunikacines priemones. Dabartinė informacinių komunikacinių technologijų (IKT) plėtra ir intelektinių transporto platformų bei paslaugas teikiančių sistemų integracija leidžia žymiai pagerinti eismo saugą ir sumažinti avarijų kelyje tikimybę. Tačiau, norint teikti mobiliąsias-intelektualiąsias paslaugas, reikia sukurti gana sudėtingą infrastruktūrą, skirtą daugiakompozicinėms paslaugoms palaikyti. Šio mokslinio straipsnio tikslas yra išanalizuoti duomenų perdavimo galimybes, skirtas nevienalytėms, daugialypėms (heterogeninėms) paslaugoms teikti, kartu užtikrinant kelių eismo saugumą. Darbe nagrinėjami uždaviniai, kaip įvertinti tokių mobiliųjų paslaugų integracijos galimybes autotransporto priemonių infrastruktūroje. Svarbiu uždaviniu tampa duomenų pralaidumo nustatymas, įgalinant daugiakompozicines paslaugas proginiuose (Ad-Hoc) belaidžiuose tinkluose. Demonstruojami rezultatai iliustruoja belaidžių tinklų galimybes, atliekant tokių paslaugų imitacinį modeliavimą, transporto paslaugas generuojančioje aplinkoje. Straipsnyje parodyta, kad, norint teikti kokybiškas nevienalytes paslaugas, reikia naujų belaidžių tinklų sąveikos protokolų, tokių kaip sesijos inicializavimo protokolas (SIP), GPRS funkcinių galimybių, maršrutizavimo protokolų ir prieigos prie kanalų būdų dideliam palaikomųjų paslaugų komponentų kiekiui užtikrinti
The impact of different load carrying methods on balance.
No full textABSTRACT Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine Health Science Institute Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine Bachelor’s Degree of Physiotherapy THE IMPACT OF DIFFERENT LOAD CARRYING METHODS ON BALANCE Physiotherapy Bachelor's Thesis The Author: Domas Trinkūnas, the fourth-year student of Physiotherapy bachelor study programme in Vilnius University. Academic advisor: Lecturer Mindaugas Liškauskas of Vilnius University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine. Key words: static and dynamic balance, backpack, handbag, load, center of mass. The aim of research work: To compare the results of static and dynamic balance and center of mass parameters when applying different load carrying methods. Tasks of work: 1. To determine the influence of different load carrying methods on subjects’ static balance; 2. To determine the influence of different load carrying methods on subjects’ dynamic balance; 3. To determine the influence of different load carrying methods on subjects’ center of mass changes. Materials and methods: The research was carried out in Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Rehabilitation, Physical and Sports Medicine Centre in year 2018, February to April. The research involved 30 subjects. Subjects were selected based on the selection criteria. There was one research group. Tests were carried out once. The “Flamigo” test was used to assess subjects static balance by counting the number of falls that were made. “Star” exclusion balance test was used to assess the dynamic balance by measuring subject’s ability to reach to the front, outer and inner sides. The “Matscan” device was used to measure the changes of subjects’ center of mass. Data analysis was performed using the statistical analysis of “SPSS Windows 22.0” and “Excel 2016” programmes. Results: During the research a similar negative change in the static balance of the subject was observed while carrying the backpack and the handbag. Using the modified “Star” exclusion balance test greatest decline in subjects’ dynamic balance was observed while standing on the left leg and reaching to outer side with both types of load. A smaller subjects’ dynamic balance decline was observed while reaching to the inner side with both types of load. Also, one of the biggest changes was observed in the mass distribution between left and right feet with subject standing with both types of load. Conclusions: Backpacks and handbags weighing 10 percent of body weight have a negative effect on the persons’ static and dynamic balance and cause significant changes in the center of mass parameters
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