1,118 research outputs found
Induction of Fibroblast Growth Factor-9 and Interleukin-1{alpha} Gene Expression by Motorcycle Exhaust Particulate Extracts and Benzo(a)pyrene in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma Cells.
No full textCharacteristics of the lithology, fault-related rocks and fault zone structures in TCDP Hole-A
No full textA study on the efficacy of body-mind-spirit group therapy for patients with breast cancer
No full textContributions of large wood to the initial establishment and diversity of riparian vegetation in a bar-braided temperate river
Full text linkThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of large wood (LW) on the physical environment and the initial establishment of vascular plant species in the Rekifune River, a large bar-braided monsoonal river in Japan. The physical environment and the diversity and composition of plant species were compared in relation to the orientation of LW pieces. We found that shading effects were more prevalent in the immediate vicinity of LW pieces than in quadrats distant from LW. The effect was especially strong at the center of LW jams (the "jam center"). Fine sand and silt were concentrated in the quadrats downstream from the LW pieces. In contrast, cobbles dominated the upstream quadrats. The highest diversity was found in the jam center, while intermediate values were observed in the quadrats surrounding LW. Indicator species analysis detected 21 indicator species only in the jam center. The LW jams favored the deposition of plant fragments and sediment and created shaded areas within and around the structures. Buried seeds may be transported with LW during a flood, and seeds dispersed by wind and stream flows may be trapped by the complex structure of LW jams. The specific environmental conditions and the trapping of seeds and plant fragments result in the early establishment of mid-successional tree species at LW jams. In conclusion, the LW pieces deposited on gravel bars altered the light and substrate conditions and thereby provided specific safe sites for various riparian plant species
An f/0.27 High-Gain Lens Antenna for Ultrasmall Platforms at THz Frequencies
No full textThe development of a low focal number and low-mass lens antenna is presented that enables terahertz spectroscopy applications on ultracompact platforms. The antenna operates efficiently over a 20% fractional bandwidth, from 450 to 550 GHz, with a gain of 50 dBi at 500 GHz. The antenna consists of a hyperbolic silicon lens that is placed in a record low focal number configuration (f#=0.27) with respect to an advanced waveguide feed. An incident field-matching analysis is applied to investigate the optimal feed radiation pattern that maximizes the lens aperture efficiency, which would result in a 20% increase in aperture efficiency (> 80%) with respect to a standard open-ended waveguide (< 60% aperture efficiency). A multilayer leaky-wave (LW) stratification is quasi-analytically optimized to approximate the optimal feeding pattern, resulting in a >70% lens aperture efficiency. An example LW stratification is synthesized using silicon micromachining technology and is fully characterized in combination with the dielectric lens. Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.Tera-Hertz Sensin
Precipitation patterns control the distribution and export of large wood at the catchment scale
Full text linkLarge wood (LW) plays an important role in river ecosystems, but LW-laden floods may cause serious damage to human lives and property. The relationship between precipitation patterns and variations in LW distribution and export at the watershed scale is poorly understood. To explore these linkages, we examined differences in LW distribution as a function of channel morphologies in six watersheds located in southern and northern Japan and analysed the impacts of different precipitation patterns on the fluvial export of LW from river catchments. In southern Japan, intense rainfalls caused by typhoons or localized torrential downpours initiate landslides and debris flows that introduce massive amounts of LW into channels. Gravel bars formed by frequent flood events are widely prevalent, and the LW temporarily stored on these bars is frequently moved and/or broken into smaller pieces by floods. In these systems fluvial export of LW is supply-limited, with smaller accumulations and shorter residence times than in northern Japan. Conversely, in northern Japan, where typhoons and torrential downpours rarely occur, LW is mostly recruited by bank erosion, tree mortality and windthrow into channels, rather than by landslides and debris flows. Recruited pieces accumulate in log jams on valley floors, particularly on floodplains supporting mature forests, resulting in larger accumulations and longer residence times. In these watersheds fluvial export of LW is transport-limited, and the pieces gradually decompose during long-term storage as log jams. Copyright (C) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Weight data lets you fine-tune
No full textThe article discusses a study on the possible benefits of daily liveweight (LW) monitoring in dairy herds. It cites that farmers can reduce the negative effects of LW change. It mentions that the study covers 450 mixed-age dairy cows, with data collected via a walk-over weighing system that measured the LW of each cow after leaving the milking platform. The author shares that LW change in postpartum and LW change after start of mating are indicators of the cow's reproductive performance
Early diastolic mitral annular velocity at the interventricular septal annulus correctly reflects left ventricular longitudinal myocardial relaxation
Full text linkAims: Early diastolic mitral annular velocity (e') obtained by tissue Doppler imaging (TDI) is widely used to evaluate left ventricular (LV) diastolic function based on the assumption that it reflects myocardial relaxation in the long-axis direction. In this study, we aimed to determine whether or not e' truly reflects early diastolic longitudinal myocardial relaxation, and which is the most useful for evaluating LV diastolic function among e' measured at the interventricular-septal annulus (IS-e'), that measured at the lateral annulus (LW-e') or their mean value (M-e'). Methods and results: IS-e', LW-e', and M-e' were measured using colour TDI in 15 patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, 13 patients with hypertension and 19 control subjects. Using two-dimensional speckle tracking imaging, early diastolic myocardial strain rates (SR_[E]) were measured for the IS (IS-SR_[E]), LW(LW-SR_[E]) and entire LV myocardium (G-SR_[E]). IS-e' was excellently correlated with IS-SR_[E] (r = 0.90, P < 0.001); the correlation was better than that between LW-e' and LW-SR_[E] (r = 0.75, P < 0.001). IS-e' and M-e' were well correlated with G-SR_[E] (r = 0.88, P < 0.001 and r = 0.86, P < 0.001, respectively) and with LV early diastolic flow propagation velocity (r = 0.77, P < 0.001 and r = 0.78, P < 0.001, respectively). The correlations of LW-e' to G-SR_[E] (r = 0.80, P < 0.001) and flow propagation velocity (r = 0.75, P < 0.001) did not reach this level. Conclusion: IS-e' well reflected LV longitudinal myocardial relaxation and LV diastolic function, and was found to be more useful in evaluating LV diastolic function than LW-e'
Impact of Multiple Scattering on Longwave Radiative Transfer Involving Clouds
Full text linkGeneral circulation models (GCMs) are extensively used to estimate the influence of clouds on the global energy budget and other aspects of climate. Because radiative transfer computations involved in GCMs are costly, it is typical to consider only absorption but not scattering by clouds in longwave (LW) spectral bands. In this study, the flux and heating rate biases due to neglecting the scattering of LW radiation by clouds are quantified by using advanced cloud optical property models, and satellite data from Cloudâ Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO), CloudSat, Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES), and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) merged products (CCCM). From the products, information about the atmosphere and clouds (microphysical and buck optical properties, and top and base heights) is used to simulate fluxes and heating rates. Oneâ year global simulations for 2010 show that the LW scattering decreases topâ ofâ atmosphere (TOA) upward flux and increases surface downward flux by 2.6 and 1.2 W/m2, respectively, or approximately 10% and 5% of the TOA and surface LW cloud radiative effect, respectively. Regional TOA upward flux biases are as much as 5% of global averaged outgoing longwave radiation (OLR). LW scattering causes approximately 0.018 K/d cooling at the tropopause and about 0.028 K/d heating at the surface. Furthermore, over 40% of the total OLR bias for ice clouds is observed in 350â 500 cmâ 1. Overall, the radiative effects associated with neglecting LW scattering are comparable to the counterpart due to doubling atmospheric CO2 under clearâ sky conditions.Key PointsGlobal impacts of LW scattering are evaluated by using high spatial resolution satelliteâ derived cloud properties and top and base heightsOmitting cloud LW scattering increases annual mean TOA upward flux by 2.6 W/m2 and decreases annual mean surface downward flux by 1.2 W/m2Including LW scattering of clouds in simulations cools the tropopause approximately 0.018 K/d and heats the surface about 0.028 K/dPeer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141388/1/jame20524_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/141388/2/jame20524.pd
Self-archiving practice and the influence of publisher policies in the social sciences
No full textAuthors in different disciplines exhibit very different behaviours on the so-called ‘green’ road to open access, i.e. self-archiving. This study looks at the self-archiving behaviour of authors publishing in leading journals in six social science disciplines. It tests the hypothesis that authors are self-archiving according to the norms of their respective disciplines rather than following self-archiving policies of publishers, and that, as a result, they are self-archiving significant numbers of publisher PDF versions. It finds significant levels of
self-archiving, as well as significant self-archiving of
the publisher PDF version, in all the disciplines
investigated. Publishers’ self-archiving policies have
no influence on author self-archiving practice
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