1,720,959 research outputs found
Dynamic Demand-side Management with User's Privacy Concern in Residential Community
No full text近年來，節能減碳的議題逐漸引起世人的關注，如何減少能源之消耗成為各國關注的焦點。因此能夠即時因應用電需求做更改、提供需求端管理的智慧電網將成為未來電力網路的趨勢。透過智慧電網與需求端管理，不但可有效減少家中用電支出還可同時降低電力負載的波動性。其中，在智慧電網架構下，一個能夠即時因應環境變化及使用者偏好提供最佳節能策略之系統將扮演非常重要的角色。於本論文中，將於智慧電網架構下，同時考慮再生能源、儲能設備與時間電價進 行〝日常活動排程之最佳化〞以節省居家用電支出。另一方面於住宅型社區中，在不洩漏個別使用者生活隱私之條件下，所有家庭可共同合作進行電力需量管理，在可接受之個別家庭電費增加限度下最小化電力負載的波動性，使最高用電峰值下降低並可使社區與電力公司協議更為適合之契約容量，使個別家庭需繳交之總體電費仍有效地減少，同時提升電力公司對於電能管理之效率。本研究的主要貢獻有以下兩點：第一，為了因應使用者進行活動之不確定性，我們改良了傳統的粒子群最佳化演算法，使其運算時間大幅減低，當使用者臨時不依照決策結果進行活動或是環境資訊發生變化，能在最短的時間內告知使用者未來最適當之活動順序及電池使用方式。第二，在社區節能方面，我們認為保護住戶隱私應優先於社區節能之成效，因此設計一套分散式的系統架構，透過特別之資訊傳遞演算法，使得住戶個人之用電習慣及生活型態不會洩漏，同時整個系統又能掌握所需之資訊進行社區之多目標節能最佳化問題。In smart grids, demand-side management (DSM) plays an important role betweencustomers and utility company, since it can reduce the total electricity cost of each customer meanwhile alleviating the aggregate peak-to-average ratio (PAR) of utility of a customer community subject to real-time pricing (RTP) policy. Moreover, a good DSM system should also be able to react quickly when users do not take its advice or when the environment state changes. This works aims at making the DSM system dynamic, which means that the proposed DSM can reschedule the order of activities in nearly real-time whenever the original schedule is no longer feasible due to the aforementioned situations. In our problem formulation, each home is assumed to be connected a renewable energy resource, say, photovoltaic (PV) system, and is equipped with an energy storage device so that the scheduling can be made more flexible. Thus, besides the case where the original recommended schedule is not followed by the user, another case where the solar power distribution changes from what was predicted also initiates the rescheduling under the dynamic DSM. In addition, for a residential community composed of multiple homes, keeping the privacy of lifestyle for each home is also an issue which is as important as energy saving, and therefore a “cooperative architecture” is also formulated so as to transfer only the necessary information but hide all the details of power consumption of each home. The simulation results show that the proposed DSM system not only reduces the cost in individual home but also reschedule quickly whenever there is a need, while making a tradeoff between cost and PAR with privacy concern in a residential community
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Nematic liquid crystal azobenzene-doped photosensitive optical fiber sensor
No full textHuman beings pay more and more attention to health consciousness. If we can detect tiny bacteria or viruses in time, it will greatly reduce the delay in medical treatment. We propose a photosensitive optical fiber sensor, which can control the refractive index by irradiating UV light through the mixture of liquid crystal and azobenzene, and add the mixture to the hollow fiber to control the total reflection of the light in the fiber. Under the circumstances, the optical fiber can achieve the function of sensing and transmission.
We use nematic liquid crystal (MLC-6609) doped with 4-methoxyazobenzene (4-MAB), and filled with PMMA hollow plastic optical fiber. By continuously irradiating UV light, the azobenzene liquid crystal is changed from the trans to the cis, thereby adjusting the refractive index of the liquid crystal mixture. The traditional way to control the liquid crystal is to apply an electric field, but it needs to be continuously energized, and there is also short circuit. Due to the packaging problem, the sensing ability is reduced. The use of light can maintain the deflection state of the liquid crystal, which also solves the difficulties encountered by the traditional method.
When the refractive index of the liquid crystal mixture is close to the fiber cladding, the light transmission will be transmitted from the core to the cladding, and it will become sensitive. If it touches an object, a part of the energy will be reduced by refraction.The effect of sensing is achieved through the change of energy, and the difference in sensing can also be shown for different objects under test and different sensing points
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Locating color solution distribution with planar mesh sensor
No full textIf AI is regarded as the human brain, the role of sensors is like that of human eyes, ears, skin and other sensory nerves, transmitting information to the IC chip for operation. The brain will be useless if there is no sensing functions at all. However, human tactile stimulation is most frequently triggered among all sensory learning. From muscles, joints to the skin of the whole body, there are countless and continuous messages input to the brain all the time, and the vestibular nucleus in front of the brainstem will add these messages. Filter, adjust and classify according to priority.
When we want to explore the unknown potentially dangerous environment, if we can rely on a detection robot that can sense external substances, use the substance to contact the surface of the robot's skin and then through data processing, that is, we can analyze environmental substances, and use uncoated naked The optical fiber array sensor with staggered optical fibers can greatly improve the sensitivity, and can quickly and accurately transmit the results back to the host, although other external effects will be relatively large, which may be caused by dirt or deformation. This has the opposite effect, but if the timing or location of the sensing can be controlled, unnecessary resource consumption will be reduced.
We will use a simple three-by-three planar mesh waveguide similar to the bare fibers without cladding that are arranged vertically and staggered to make a quick and effective positioning. The light source introduced from the side of the waveguide plane through the contact with the object to be measured will cause absorption loss. The loss caused by objects of different colors has different effects on each output terminal. Because objects of different colors and areas have different absorption of red light, the energy change caused by each color can be quantified and then substituted into the absorption rate of the object to be measured according to the situation, and the distribution of each color can be distinguished after calculation
Development of special optical fiber induced chlorophyll fluorescence for green mint water status
No full textPlants can survive without nutrients, but if they have severe water stress, they will soon die.The current global climate is becoming more and more extreme, and the agricultural losses caused by drought cannot be ignored. Therefore, the detection of the current state of water of different crops in response to the treatment of water stress has become anissue.
The plant's tolerance index for drought is determined. The most widely used is the water potential and relative water content. However, the disadvantages of these two methods are that the plant leaf structure needs to be destroyed, and the waiting time for the measurement is hour or even more than one day, and the current plant water state cannot be decided immediately.
Many techniques for non-destructive measurement of water content have been proposed, such as near-infrared heat method, stem diameter shrinkage method, fiber-optic external sensing reflectance spectroscopy, etc. However, most of the above methods are susceptible to environmental changes, so that they cannot be measured anytime and anywhere.
When the plant water content changes, it also changes the chlorophyll concentration. Therefore, we study the use of chlorophyll fluorescence to combine the fiber and improve the previous structure. By fixing the fiber to the surface of the leaf to determine the water content by sensing the change of chlorophyll fluorescence, we expect that this new plant water sensing method can immediately determine the current water state of plant
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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