1,720,988 research outputs found
Performance of Cellular CDMA with Truncated and Limited Power Control Schemes in Presence of Soft Handoff
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Viewing global strategy through a microfoundations lens
No full textResearch Summary: The emerging microfoundations literature asserts that macro concepts and macro-out-comes, such as firm-level capabilities, performance and strategies, need to be understood in terms of the underlying actions, interactions and characteristics of micro-level entities, such as individual actors and managers. This literature has specific implications for the understanding of cross-level explanatory mechanisms; notably, it asserts that all relations between macro variables are mechanisms that involve micro variables. While the microfoundations literature has been influential in the general strategy literature, global strategy has been less impacted by it. This is paradoxical because the research challenges pointed to by the literature are often magnified in the multinational corporation and in a global strategy context, and this context may introduce novel challenges. For example, Google's strategic decision in 2018 to reenter the Chinese market (macro-level analysis) is best understood through the thinking of decision-makers in the company, as well as opposition to the move from over 1,000 of its employees.
We characterize microfoundations, discuss their relevance to the global strategy, and show how the papers in this special issue fill important microfoundational gaps in the global strategy literature.
Managerial Summary: For too long, studies of corporate strategies have focused on the firm as a unit of analysis, as if the firm could decide or think on its own, neglecting the fact that it is managers who think. The underlying motivations, interactions and characteristics of individual managers of companies have often been missing in explanations of global strategy formulation. This can especially be a lacuna in closely-held companies in emerging countries where decision-making is more concentrated in the minds of owners, top managers and family members.
The microfoundations literature specifically tries to connect the thinking and backgrounds of individual managers with strategic decisions their firm makes. While the microfoundations literature has made some headway in the general strategy literature, the analysis of global strategy has been less impacted by it. This is paradoxical because the research challenges pointed to by the literature are often magnified in the multinational corporation and in a global strategy context. This introductory paper first refines and enunciates microfoundations theory, in its application to global business. It then also shows how the papers in this special issue fill important microfoundational gaps in the global strategy literature
Reconceptualizing the Firm in a World of Outsourcing and Offshoring: The Organizational and Geographical Relocation of High-Value Company Functions
No full textIn the largest sense, global strategy amounts to (1) the optimal disaggregation or slicing of the firm's value chain into as many constituent pieces as organizationally and economically feasible, followed by (2) decisions as how each slice should be allocated geographically ('offshoring') and organizationally ('outsourcing'). Offshoring and outsourcing are treated as strategies that need to be "simultaneously" analysed, where just 'core' segments of the value chain are retained in-house, while others are optimally dispersed geographically, as well as dispersed over allies and contractors. This amounts to a reconsideration of the nature of the firm that captures the dynamic changes in global configuration and a reconsideration of what constitutes 'core' activities that need to be retained internally. The article proposes a new research agenda that searches for each firm's optimal degree of disaggregation and global dispersion given that further scattering of value chain activities entail benefits as well as increased complexity and costs. Copyright (c) 2010 The Authors. Journal of Management Studies (c) 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd and Society for the Advancement of Management Studies.
Throughput and delay analysis of cognitive M2M communications
Full text linkIn this paper, we analyze throughput and delay performance of clustered Machine Type Communication (MTC) devices which access an eNodeB utilizing a primary spectrum in underlay mode. We assume that the MTC devices form two clusters and there is an optimal preamble allocation between the two clusters to maximize the throughput. We further investigate the impact of the tolerable interference threshold on throughput, successful preamble decoding probability, and delay. Then, the impact of the preamble partition factor and the access barring factor on throughput and delay is analyzed. Finally, we evaluate the impact of the number of devices, retransmission requests, and preamble partitions on the delay
Censoring-based Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Improved Energy Detectors and Multiple Antennas in Fading Channels
No full textIn the current work, the performance of cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) with threshold-based censoring is investigated in the presence of noisy and faded environments. In particular, scenarios with Rayleigh, Hoyt, and Rician fading, affecting both the sensing (S) and reporting (R) channels, are considered. Each secondary user (SU) is equipped with multiple antennas and relies on an improved energy detector (IED). More precisely, the signals from the primary user (PU), received by multiple antennas of a SU, are fed to the IED, the IED outputs are combined using a selection combiner (SC), and the combined signal is used to make a local decision. At the fusion center (FC), censoring of SUs is done on the basis of the quality, evaluated by the FC, of the faded R-channels. The censored decisions received at the FC are fused, using majority logic or maximal ratio combining (MRC), to obtain a final decision on the status of the PU. The performance of CSS, in terms of average miss detection probability and error rate, is evaluated considering the impact of relevant network parameters. Optimized values of the censoring threshold, as well as of the required parameters of the IED, are determined under several network conditions. The performance of the proposed IED is compared with that of a conventional energy detector (CED)
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Cooperative Spectrum Sensing with Censoring of Cognitive Radios in Fading Channel Under Majority Logic Fusion
No full textIn a cooperative spectrum sensing (CSS) scheme, the detection of the presence of activity of a primary user (PU) is improved by the fact that several cognitive radio (CR) users send, through reporting channels (R-channels), their sensed information on the activity of this PU to a common base station (BS). The benefits are particularly relevant in scenarios where the sensing channels (S-channels) towards the PU of interest of CR users are affected by severe fading or shadowing. However, in a CSS scheme with R channels affected by fading or shadowing as well, there may be erroneous reception, at the BS, of decisions from CR users: this can be counter-acted by using censoring of CR users. In this chapter, we discuss the performance of CSS with censoring of CR users based on their R-channels’ statuses. Two schemes of censoring are considered: (i) rank-based censoring, where a pre-defined number of CR users, associated with the best R-channels, are selected; and (ii) threshold-based censoring, where CR users, whose R-channel fading coefficients exceed a pre-determined threshold, are selected. The performance of both censoring schemes is evaluated considering two different R-channel fading conditions: (i) Rayleigh fading and (ii) Nakagami- m fading. In both cases, majority logic fusion is considered at the BS (also denoted re-interpreted as fusion center, FC). The impact of various network parameters—such as censoring threshold, number of CR users, average S-and R-channels’ SNRs, channel estimation (CE) quality, and fading severity—on the performance of the considered CSS schemes will be evaluated in terms of missed detection and total error probabilities
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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