1,721,126 research outputs found
Gender and Feminist Considerations in Artificial Intelligence from a Developing-World Perspective, with India as a Case Study
No full textThis manuscript discusses the relationship between women, technology manifestation, and likely prospects in the developing world. Using India as a case study, the manuscript goes on to discuss how AI (Artificial Intelligence) and robotics affect women's prospects in developing countries. Women in developing countries, notably in South Asia, are perceived as doing domestic work and are underrepresented in high-level professions. They are disproportionately underemployed and face prejudice in the workplace. The purpose of this study is to determine if the introduction of AI would exacerbate the already precarious situation of women in the developing world or if it would serve as a liberating force. While studies on the impact of AI on women have been undertaken in developed countries, there has been less research in developing countries. This manuscript attempts to fill that need
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Study on Bio Mimetic Portable Robotic Arm
No full textThe purpose of the project is to encourage automation in almost every activities which require much labor for the completion of the job. Many industries spend a lot of money and time in hiring the labors to carry out their day to day physical activities like transportation of goods, assembly of delicate components in electronics industry, packaging of products etc. Moreover, a variant of this robot model can be employed in areas which risks the human life for example, in Coal Mines, Deep tunnels within the surface of the earth, Defusing bombs, In other defense works etc. The main purpose of the gripper is to hold the items and place them as per the user requirement. For control system, the model constitutes of a microcontroller whose responsibility is to control the motions of the model, DC motor, Motor Drivers, Servo motors, Potentiometers, Joystick controls. The advanced version of the model can be implemented to perform complex human activities performing a surgery also can be used in various fields like Automobile industry, Instrumentation industries, military applications etc. This models holds the promise to re define the meaning of automation in the evolving digital era. Mr. B. Naresh | S. Rushikeshwar | T. Madhu | V. Shanthi Kumar | Shailendra Kumar "Study on Bio-Mimetic Portable Robotic Arm" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-3 , April 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23394.pd
Online access and productivity in research publication – A case study
No full textThe emergence of information portal systems in the past few years has led to a greatly enhanced web-based environment for users’ seeking information online. The Scientific world is rapidly changing day by day. The e-journals access is delivering R&D information, whenever required, to the users’ desktop, wherever that may be. Eight reputed publishers/providers of online access to scholarly journals and services formed the basis of the study at the Knowledge Resource Centre (KRC) of the National Metallurgical Laboratory (NML), Jamshedpur. The user groups are Scientists, Technical officers, Research scholars, Project investigators/Assistance and Visiting Trainees. Through the CSIR e-journal consortium, KRC have access to a good number of e-journals and databases in various disciplines related to Minerals, Metals and Materials Science. The subscribed electronic resources are highly beneficial to the R&D users of the library as evidenced by the increasing order of qualitative research publications compare to earlier trends. Further, the paper also presents the results of a user evaluation study exploring the usefulness of online access to scientific journals and services with regard to the information behaviour of scientists
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Commodity futures as an asset class: an empirical evidence from Indian market
No full textPHD, LMTSOMThe risk-reduction benefit of diversification is an important aspect of financial
management. However, the traditional choice of asset allocation for a risk averse investor in
the portfolio includes stocks, bonds and treasury bills (T-bills). The research examines the
role of commodity futures as an asset class in a traditional portfolio for a rational Indian
investor, whose objective is to build a portfolio that maximizes the excess return per unit of
total risk. Commodity futures are investigated as an alternative asset class since the factors
that drive the commodity prices (e.g., weather and geopolitical conditions, supply constraints
in the physical production, and event risk) are distinct from those that determine the value of
stocks and bonds.
The decision to include an alternative asset to a traditional portfolio for diversification
depends not only on the temporal risk-return characteristics but also on how it correlates with
the other assets in the portfolio over time. Therefore, to study and analyse the asset like
properties of commodity futures the research is carried out in two phases. Firstly, it examines
the long term statistical relationship of commodity future prices with other asset classes and
also investigates the short term dynamics of prices by testing for the existence and direction
of inter-temporal Granger-causality between the indices. The second phase tests the
diversifying properties of commodity futures by examining the role of commodity futures as
an asset class in a traditional portfolio consisting of equity and bond using mean variance
optimization technique at various risk aversion levels of the investor. The analysis is based on
the daily prices for the indices, Equity (S&P CNX Nifty), Bond (NSE G-Sec), Treasury Bill
(NSE TB Index) and Commodity futures (MCX COMDEX) for the period June, 2005 to
December, 2011.
The findings show that commodity futures have a significant low correlation with
equity and statistically significant negative relationship with bond. Moreover, there is no long
term co-integration between the prices of commodity future and equity. Therefore, it can be
inferred that an investor with long term investment horizon would benefit by including
commodity futures to a traditional portfolio. Given that commodity futures have high returns
and low risk when compared to equity and bond, it can also be considered as a standalone
asset. On comparing the portfolios with and without commodities, the introduction of
commodities provided an increase in the returns without a corresponding rise in risk. It also
provides evidence that with the increase in risk aversion levels of the investor, allocation to
commodity futures tends to increase. Thus, the investment in this asset class may facilitate
the institutional investors, fund managers and retail investor to reap better returns during the
inflationary periods when the equity prices are in bullish trend. The present study has
enriched the understanding of commodity futures as an alternative asset for a rational Indian
investor who uses only buy and hold strategy. This study provides insights for future
researches on the role of commodity futures in diversifying investor’s portfolio to maximise
the returns in conjunction with other investment tools and exploring various trading
strategie
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Value Relevance of Degree of Leverages and its Impact on Systematic Risk: An empirical study on Indian manufacturing firms
No full textThe inquiry, do investors value the accounting numbers in the marketplace, is always of
considerable interest for the scholars and the practitioners in the context of developed and
emerging markets. However, many research studies on this topic have not been examined in the
Indian context; therefore the present study claims the inquisitiveness of this inquiry to be
explored in the context of India. India is one of the biggest ten emerging markets (Garten, 1997)
and the structures of business organizations in the emerging or developing markets are different
from those in developed markets (Sarkar et al. 2008). A relationship between earnings, an
accounting number, and the value of common stock was extensively hypothesized by valuation
theory (Beaver, 1968). The valuation theory and the theory of decomposition of systematic risk
explicitly into the degrees of operating and financial leverage are the bases of this study. This
valuation theory takes the point of view of equity investors to empirically examine the value
relevance of accounting information (Beisland, 2009). Mandelker and Rhee (1984) presented an
alternative theory of decomposition of systematic risk by explicitly introducing the degrees of
operating and financial leverage to the theory of systematic risk decomposition of Hamada and
Rubinstein. The present study also takes theory of the capital asset pricing model (CAPM)
developed by Sharpe (1964), Lintner (1965), and Black (1972); theory of decomposition of
systematic risk developed by Hamada (1972) and Rubinstein (1973); and the capital structure
theory developed by Modigliani and Miller (1958). Although, there is an extensive research
available on the value relevance of accounting information; however limited work is done on the
value relevance of the degrees of leverage, particularly in the Indian context.
The degrees of leverage in financial literature are of two types, the degree of operating
leverage (hereafter DOL) and the degree of financial leverage (hereafter DFL). With the use of
the concept of elasticity Mandelker and Rhee (1984) and Ang and Peterson (1984) initially
established a time-series regression approach to estimate DOL and DFL. DOL is defined as the
percentage change in profit or earnings before and tax (hereafter PBIT or EBIT) relative to a
given percentage change in sales (Prezas, 1987; Elangkumaran and Nimalathasan, 2013). DFL is
defined as the percentage change in profit after tax (hereafter PAT) relative to a given percentage
change in EBIT (Mandelker and Rhee, 1984). The primary objective of this study is to
empirically examine the value relevance of DOL and DFL, the important accounting numbers,
for 230 manufacturing firms listed on National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India over the period
of ten years from the financial year 2001-2002 to 2010-11 including the recessionary period. In
other words, the combined effects of DOL and DFL on stock returns, systematic risk, and firm
value are to be empirically investigated for the sample listed manufacturing firms in India over
the period under study. The standard ordinary least square regression models at the levels of
individual firms and portfolio of firms are employed to present the empirical findings for
achieving the stated objectives of this study.
The empirical findings support the hypothesis that the degrees of operating and financial
leverage are value-relevant. Thus, the accounting numbers or focus variables of this study, DOL,
and DFL, do significantly affect the stock returns over long windows. However, controlling for
firm size and ROA does not influence the conclusion of an impact of degrees of leverage on the
stock returns. The results also indicate that the investors historically earn higher returns if the
firms operate at high DOL and DFL and vice-versa. This means the principle 'higher the risk,
higher the possibility of earning returns' holds good. The findings partially support the
hypotheses that DOL and DFL do influence the systematic risk and the firm value. DFL is found
positively related with the systematic risk, and an insignificant negative relationship is found
between DOL and the systematic risk. DOL significantly positively affects the firm value over
the long-window; however, DFL and the firm value are not associated. This means that the firm
value is independent of its financial risk. Moreover, controlling for firm size and return on assets
(hereafter, ROA) does improve the relationship of DOL and DFL with the firm value since the
statistical significance of firm size is found in explaining the firm value. However, ROA has no
influence on the firm value. In other words, the findings of the present study suggest that high
DOL and DFL leads to high returns to the firms. Also, high DFL leads to high systematic or
market risk to the firms and high DOL leads to high firm value. These results indicate that DOL
and DFL are relevant accounting numbers for the shareholders’ value. Though, leverage is
considered to be a two-edged sword – just as a firm’s profits can be magnified, so too can the
firm’s losses (vanHorne and Wachowicz, 2010). The implications of value relevance of DOL
and DFL do not suggest the firms to just increase the level of DOL and DFL so as to fetch higher
returns to the firms. The findings simply suggest the consideration of usefulness of DOL and
DFL for optimizing the financing and investment decisions of the firms.
The above empirical findings of this study are not only considerably worthy of scholarly
attention but also relevant for various interested participants using accounting numbers for
decision-making in the marketplace. There are several indications pointing towards the need for
this study. First, the value relevance of the degrees of leverage found in the present study is the
enrichment to the value relevance literature in the Indian context. Second, the studies in the
Indian context examined the value relevance of several independent variables (e.g. earnings,
accrual earnings, book value per share, earnings per share, cash flows from an operation, changes
in earnings and book value). However, there is a lack of research in the context of India that
takes two important accounting numbers, DOL and DFL, as independent variables to examine
their value relevance. Therefore, these two accounting numbers, DOL and DFL, of this study are
added to the list of variables explored empirically in the previous research studies. Third, this
study finds that the firms operating with the high degrees of leverage historically earn higher
returns than the firms with small degrees of leverage. This means high risks are compensated.
Fourth, the applicability of various well-published theories established in the developed markets
has been reexamined in the context of an emerging market, called India. Fifth, stock returns and
firm value across industries are statistically not significant. However, systematic risk is
statistically found significant across industries. This indicates the different industries are exposed
to different market risk depending upon their business models, investment and financing
decisions. Sixth, the present study provides an important insight to the practitioners, the
researchers, the finance managers and the investors for the significance of accounting numbers in
the context of India, one of the fastest growing emerging markets in the world. The firms may
include the importance of the degrees of leverage in its annual reports. Moreover, this study can
also be useful for corporate or security valuation in case of mergers and acquisitions. However, it
is to ensure the key sources of valuable accounting information to the investors who can
influence the process of security valuation (Fiador, 2013).
Further, this study is limited to the NSE-listed manufacturing firms in India for a period
from 2001-2002 to 2010-2011 including the recessionary period that could affect the empirical
results. Moreover, the sample firms under this study are 230 only. The present study is limited to
an emerging market, the India. The changes in DOL and DFL over time are not discussed as the
estimation of year-wise DOL and DFL is not attempted in this study. The application of a panel
data or pooled regression method is possible to test the proposed hypotheses if year-wise DOL
and DFL are available. However, the usefulness of this study cannot be undermined due to the
above limitations since the present study extends the efficacy of well-established theories (e.g.
valuation theory; theory of risk decomposition; capital asset pricing model theory; capital
structure theory) developed previously in the literature. Since this study is based on these wellaccepted
theories and reliable methodologies; hence its findings are considered relevant in the
Indian context. Further, these limitations are not so critical that could significantly jeopardize the
results of the present study
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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