143 research outputs found
Discounting, ethics and options for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem integrity
No full textFor most resource allocation problems economists use a capital investment approach. Resources should be allocated to those investments yielding the highest rate of return, accounting for uncertainty, risk and the attitude of the investor toward risk. As illustrated in Figure 6.1, suppose an investor has a choice between letting a valuable tree grow at a rate of 5 per cent per year, or cutting the tree down, selling it and putting the money in the bank. Which decision is best depends on the rate of interest the bank pays. If the bank pays 6 per cent and the price of timber is constant the investor will earn more money by cutting the tree down and selling it, that is, by converting natural capital into financial capital. This simple example is a metaphor for the conversion of biodiversity and ecosystem services into other forms of capital. The shortcomings of this simple approach to valuing biodiversity and ecosystems include: (1) the irreversibility of biodiversity loss; (2) pure uncertainty as to the effects of such losses; (3) the difference between private investment decisions and the responsibilities of citizens of particular societies; (4) the implicit assumption
Inclusive Wealth Report 2018
No full textThe Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351002080, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license
Inclusive Wealth Report 2018
No full textThe Inclusive Wealth Index provides important insights into long-term economic growth and human well-being. The Index measures the wealth of nations through a comprehensive analysis of a country's productive base and the country’s wealth in terms of progress, well-being and long-term sustainability. It measures all assets which human well-being is based upon, in particular, produced, human and natural capital to create and maintain human well-being over time. The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781351002080, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives 4.0 license
Phase II Non-Randomized Clinical study on “Bala Karappan (Atopic Dermatitis)” with Evaluation of Siddha Trial Drug “Sengathari Pattai Kudineer” (Internal) and “Murungai Pushpam Ennai” (External)
No full textThe clinical study was conducted with the trial drug SENGATHARIPATTAI KUDINEER as internal and MURUNGAIPUSHPAM ENNAI as external medicine for the disease BALAKARAPPAN through Pre-clinical and Clinical study methods. The trial drug was selected from the Siddha Literature “Sengathari pattai kudineer” from Theraiyar Kudineer-100 and “Murungai pushpam ennai” from Aathma Ratchamirdham Ennum Vaidhiya Saranga Sangiragam. The study was conducted after being screened by the screening committee and approved by the INSTITUTIONAL ETHICS COMMITTEE(IEC) of Govt Siddha Medical College, Chennai. The results of Pre-clinical and Clinical studies of trial drug stated whether to reject or accept the null hypothesis.
The standards of Preclinical studies carried as per PLIM guidelines, the values of the results of physiochemical, phytochemical, biochemical analysis shows below the limits of AYUSH guidelines. There is no abnormality detected in aflatoxin, pesticide residue and microbial study. Heavy metal analysis revealed the absence of heavy metal present in the trial drug. Animal study reported the safety of the trial drug in both acute and sub-acute toxicity studies. Histopathology reports result that no pathological report present in the result. The Pre-clinical studies proven the safety of the drug Sengathari pattai kudineer (Internal) and Murungai pushpam ennai (external).
The Clinical Study followed the methodologies for selection of study participants and the study got approval by IEC and IAEC clearance. The clinical study was registered in CTRI as per the regulation. The efficacy of the trial drug is proven by reducing the severity score in EASI scale during follow-up and the results was statistically proven significance of (p<0.000). The significance of the disease was reduced after 28 days treatment. Sengathari pattai kudineer (Internal) and Murungai pushpam ennai (external) was proven that it is clinically effective for Balakarappan. Regarding Siddha diagnostic methods, the essential diagnostic tools had been used for the diagnosis of Balakarappan. The adverse effect of the drug was not reported by the study participants during the full study.
Totally 46 children with Karappan diagnosed clinically treated with outpatient department of Arignar Anna Hospital of Indian Medicine Chennai -106. 6 patients were withdrawing from the study. The outcome measures proven the safety and efficacy of the trial drug in Balakarappan and the null hypothesis was rejected with significance value of (p<0.000)
CONCLUSION
BALA KARAPPAN is a common skin condition in children and mainly caused by derangement of Kaba kuttram followed by vatham and pitham .In this clinical study ‘SENGATHARIPATTAI KUDINEER’ as internal and ‘MURUNGAI PUSHPAM ENNAI’ as external respectively .The deranged kuttram is settled down by the Kaippu suvai the trial drug sengatharipattai kudineer (milagu-kaippu suvai, chinni illai- kaippu suvai, sengatharipattai – kaippu suvai) present in the trial medicine settled down the disease thereby the medicine acts as Ethirurai Maruthuvam to cure the skin condition.
No adverse effects were noticed on or after the treatment period.
The clinical trial conducted in selected patients was satisfactory and inspiring. The trial medicine is safe and effective for Bala karappan in children. Through this study, the effectiveness of trial drug is confirmed and re-established by the author.
LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
The clinical study conducted with minimum study participants.
The study followed a non-randomized study method; it will not minimize the error of the study.
The pharmacological study was limited due to the short period of time.
RECOMMENDATION:
This study conducted with minimum study participants to prove the efficacy. In the future study may elaborate with a greater number of study participants.
Randomized technique is to minimize the errors in the clinical study, the RCT technique, The blinding methodology will reduce the error of the future studies
Recommended from our members
Biodiversity conservation and ecosystem services provision: A tale of confused objective, multiple market failures, and policy challenges
No full textAbstract in UndeterminedIn recent years, there has been a marked proliferation in the literature on economic approaches to ecosystem management, which has created a subsequent need for real understanding of the scope and the limits of the economic approaches to ecosystems and biodiversity. Within this Handbook, carefully commissioned original contributions from acknowledged experts in the field address the new concepts and their applications, identify knowledge gaps and provide authoritative recommendations
Economics of environment and development
No full textThe existing literatures on economics of environment and development are scattered in the libraries of the developing countries like Nepal. Students of economics, development, environment and other allied fields are facing a problem of getting right literatures on this subject from a vast array of scattered literatures. In this connection, presenting excellent articles by renowned experts of the discipline from all over the world in a single book is the need of the hour. This book “Economics of Environment and Development”, assembled by Dr. Pushpam Kumar of the Institute of..
Values, payments and institutions for ecosystem management: a developing country perspective
No full textCost-Benefit Analysis in a Framework of Stakeholder Involvement and Integrated Coastal Zone Modeling
No full textActive involvement of local stakeholders is currently an increasingly important requirement in European environmental regulations such as the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the EU Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD). The same is true for economic analyses such as cost-benefit analysis (CBA). For example, the Swedish WFD implementation requires i) quantification of cost and benefits of proposed measures and ii) stakeholder involvement. How can these two requirements be integrated in practice? And can such requirements facilitate implementation of projects with a potential net benefit? This paper presents a stepwise CBA procedure with participatory elements and applies it for evaluating nutrient management options for reducing eutrophication effects in the coastal area of Himmerfjärden SW of Stockholm, Sweden. The CBA indicates a positive net benefit for a combination of options involving increased nitrogen removal at a major sewage treatment plant, creation of new wetlands and connecting a proportion of private sewers to sewage treatment plants. The procedure also illustrates how the interdisciplinary development of a coupled ecological-economic simulation model can be used as a tool for facilitating the involvement of stakeholders in a CBA.cost-benefit analysis; stakeholder involvement; integrated modeling; eutrophication
- …
