20,937 research outputs found
Kaivosvesiä käsittelevien turvepohjaisten kosteikkopuhdistamojen haasteet pohjoisissa olosuhteissa : Erityistarkastelussa arseenin, antimonin, nikkelin, typen ja sulfaatin puhdistusprosessit
No full textAbstractNatural peatlands are commonly used in Finland as treatment wetlands to provide final treatment to mining-influenced water. Their use is convenient as they are cost-effective, abundant in Finland, and often located close to mining sites. This thesis explored contaminant removal processes in treatment peatlands, and factors that affect these processes, through laboratory experiments, analysis of monitoring data, pilot wetlands, and reactive transport modeling. The results showed that, under the right conditions, treatment peatlands can provide efficient year-round removal of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), nickel (Ni), and nitrogen (N), even in a cold climate. Sulfate (SO42-) removal in the studied peatlands was negligible, due to high SO42- concentrations in inflow mining-influenced water and unfavorable conditions for SO42- removal. Low hydraulic loading was found to be the most important parameter for efficient contaminant removal. Inflow water composition affected removal efficiency and mobilization of contaminants. Temperature had no major systematic effect in batch experiments, but studies on full-scale peatlands indicated slightly better removal of Sb in summer than in winter. Removal of As and Sb was higher at pH 6, while leaching was higher at pH 9. The opposite was true for Ni. Mean residence times were shorter in frozen conditions, indicating loss of available peatland volume during winter. The freezing-thawing pilot wetlands also provided evidence of presence of preferential flow paths. Long-term use of treatment peatlands led to contaminant accumulation, confirming high removal efficiency. However, the accumulated contaminants were mobilized when inflow water concentrations decreased drastically. Pilot wetlands and reactive transport modeling proved useful in understanding treatment peatland processes. Pilot wetlands adequately replicated various peatland processes during the simulated freeze-thaw cycles. Unfrozen conditions were better simulated than frozen conditions by the HYDRUS wetland module, indicating a need for more accurate model parameters. Therefore, use of treatment peatlands is challenged by varying environmental conditions and mine water composition, making it difficult to control removal/retention processes. To address these challenges, there is a need for innovative approaches of peatland use where the benefits to receiving water bodies exceed the risks associated with their long-term use.Original papersOriginal papers are not included in the electronic version of the dissertation.Khan, U. A., Kujala, K., Nieminen, S. P., Räisänen, M. L., & Ronkanen, A.-K. (2019). Arsenic, antimony, and nickel leaching from northern peatlands treating mining influenced water in cold climate. Science of The Total Environment, 657, 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.455Self-archived versionKhan, U. A., Kujala, K., Planer-Friedrich, B., Räisänen, M. L., & Ronkanen, A.-K. (2020). Long-term data reveals the importance of hydraulic load and inflow water quality for Sb removal in boreal treatment peatlands. Ecological Engineering, 148, 105785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105785Self-archived versionHeiderscheidt, E., Khan, U. A., Kujala, K., Ronkanen, A.-K., & Postila, H. (2020). Design, construction and monitoring of pilot systems to evaluate the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on pollutant retention in wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 703, 134713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134713Self-archived versionKhan, U. A., Postila, H., Kujala, K., Heiderscheidt, E., & Ronkanen, A.-K. (2020). Flow processes and nitrogen removal in pilot-scale treatment peatlands using the Hydrus wetland module under frost and no-frost conditions. Manuscript in preparation.TiivistelmäKosteikkoja on käytetty Suomessa puhdistamaan kaivosvesiä, sillä suoluontoa on ollut tarjolla kaivosten lähettyvillä. Tämä väitöskirja käsittelee haitta-aineiden puhdistusprosesseja turvepohjaisilla kosteikkopuhdistamoilla perustuen laboratoriossa toteutettuihin kokeisiin, vesi- ja turvenäytteistä kerättyyn aineistoon ja testikosteikon vedenvirtauksen ja puhdistusprosessien mallintamiseen. Tulokset osoittivat, että oikeanlaisissa olosuhteissa kosteikot puhdistavat arseenia, antimonia, nikkeliä ja typpeä ympärivuoden, mutta sulfaatin puhdistuminen oli olematonta. Tähän pääsyynä oli suuri sulfaattikuorma, mutta myös epäsuotuisat olosuhteet pidättymiselle. Riittävän matala hydraulinen kuormitus oli tärkein mitoitusparametri tehokkaaseen haitta-aineiden puhdistumiseen. Myös tulovedessä olevat aineet ja niiden pitoisuudet vaikuttivat poistumiseen kuten myös uudelleen liikkeelle lähtemiseen. Lämpötila vaikutti haitta-aineiden pidättymiseen laboratoriossa toteutetussa ravistelukokeessa, mutta kosteikkojen aineiston perusteella ainoastaan antimonin puhdistumisprosessit olivat tehokkaampia kesällä kuin talvella. Arseenin ja antimonin pidättyminen oli parasta veden pH:n olleessa noin 6, kun taas selkeätä huuhtoutumista havaittiin pH:ssa 9. Nikkelille tilanne oli päinvastainen. Veden viipymä oli talven roudan vuoksi lyhyempi viitaten pienempään saatavilla olevaan turvetilavuuteen. Pilot-kosteikoilla toteutetut jäätymissulamiskokeet tukivat tätä ja osoittivat, että roudan aikana on selkeitä nopeita virtausreittejä. Kosteikkopuhdistamojen pitkäaikainen käyttö näkyi haitta-aineiden kerääntymisessä turpeeseen, joka tuki vedenlaatuaineiston perusteella laskettua tehokasta ainepoistumaa kohteilla. Tulokset osoittivat, että aineet huuhtoutuvat, kun niiden pitoisuus tulovedessä laskee. Testikosteikot ja mallintaminen todettiin hyödylliseksi menetelmäksi lisätä ymmärrystä puhdistusprosesseista. Ne toistivat turvemaiden sulamisjäätymisprosesseja, mutta puhdistusprosessien HYDRUS-mallinnus oli tarkempaa roudattomalle kaudelle. Lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan mallin parametrisoimiseksi routakaudelle. Tulosten perusteella puhdistusprosessien hallinta kaivosvesien yhteydessä, kun olosuhteet sekä tuloveden laatu vaihtelevat, on haasteellista. Tulisi löytää ratkaisuja vastaanottavan vesistön pilaantumisriskin huomioimiselle tilanteissa, joissa kosteikoille on pitkään johdettu kaivosvesiä.OsajulkaisutOsajulkaisut eivät sisälly väitöskirjan elektroniseen versioon.Khan, U. A., Kujala, K., Nieminen, S. P., Räisänen, M. L., & Ronkanen, A.-K. (2019). Arsenic, antimony, and nickel leaching from northern peatlands treating mining influenced water in cold climate. Science of The Total Environment, 657, 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.11.455Rinnakkaistallennettu versioKhan, U. A., Kujala, K., Planer-Friedrich, B., Räisänen, M. L., & Ronkanen, A.-K. (2020). Long-term data reveals the importance of hydraulic load and inflow water quality for Sb removal in boreal treatment peatlands. Ecological Engineering, 148, 105785. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2020.105785Rinnakkaistallennettu versioHeiderscheidt, E., Khan, U. A., Kujala, K., Ronkanen, A.-K., & Postila, H. (2020). Design, construction and monitoring of pilot systems to evaluate the effect of freeze-thaw cycles on pollutant retention in wetlands. Science of The Total Environment, 703, 134713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134713Rinnakkaistallennettu versioKhan, U. A., Postila, H., Kujala, K., Heiderscheidt, E., & Ronkanen, A.-K. (2020). Flow processes and nitrogen removal in pilot-scale treatment peatlands using the Hydrus wetland module under frost and no-frost conditions. Manuscript in preparation.Academic dissertation to be presented, with the assent of the Doctoral Training Committee of Technology and Natural Sciences of the University of Oulu, for public defence in the Oulun Puhelin auditorium (L5), Linnanmaa, on 3 December 2020, at 12 noonAbstract
Natural peatlands are commonly used in Finland as treatment wetlands to provide final treatment to mining-influenced water. Their use is convenient as they are cost-effective, abundant in Finland, and often located close to mining sites. This thesis explored contaminant removal processes in treatment peatlands, and factors that affect these processes, through laboratory experiments, analysis of monitoring data, pilot wetlands, and reactive transport modeling. The results showed that, under the right conditions, treatment peatlands can provide efficient year-round removal of arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), nickel (Ni), and nitrogen (N), even in a cold climate. Sulfate (SO42-) removal in the studied peatlands was negligible, due to high SO42- concentrations in inflow mining-influenced water and unfavorable conditions for SO42- removal. Low hydraulic loading was found to be the most important parameter for efficient contaminant removal. Inflow water composition affected removal efficiency and mobilization of contaminants. Temperature had no major systematic effect in batch experiments, but studies on full-scale peatlands indicated slightly better removal of Sb in summer than in winter. Removal of As and Sb was higher at pH 6, while leaching was higher at pH 9. The opposite was true for Ni. Mean residence times were shorter in frozen conditions, indicating loss of available peatland volume during winter. The freezing-thawing pilot wetlands also provided evidence of presence of preferential flow paths. Long-term use of treatment peatlands led to contaminant accumulation, confirming high removal efficiency. However, the accumulated contaminants were mobilized when inflow water concentrations decreased drastically. Pilot wetlands and reactive transport modeling proved useful in understanding treatment peatland processes. Pilot wetlands adequately replicated various peatland processes during the simulated freeze-thaw cycles. Unfrozen conditions were better simulated than frozen conditions by the HYDRUS wetland module, indicating a need for more accurate model parameters. Therefore, use of treatment peatlands is challenged by varying environmental conditions and mine water composition, making it difficult to control removal/retention processes. To address these challenges, there is a need for innovative approaches of peatland use where the benefits to receiving water bodies exceed the risks associated with their long-term use.Tiivistelmä
Kosteikkoja on käytetty Suomessa puhdistamaan kaivosvesiä, sillä suoluontoa on ollut tarjolla kaivosten lähettyvillä. Tämä väitöskirja käsittelee haitta-aineiden puhdistusprosesseja turvepohjaisilla kosteikkopuhdistamoilla perustuen laboratoriossa toteutettuihin kokeisiin, vesi- ja turvenäytteistä kerättyyn aineistoon ja testikosteikon vedenvirtauksen ja puhdistusprosessien mallintamiseen. Tulokset osoittivat, että oikeanlaisissa olosuhteissa kosteikot puhdistavat arseenia, antimonia, nikkeliä ja typpeä ympärivuoden, mutta sulfaatin puhdistuminen oli olematonta. Tähän pääsyynä oli suuri sulfaattikuorma, mutta myös epäsuotuisat olosuhteet pidättymiselle. Riittävän matala hydraulinen kuormitus oli tärkein mitoitusparametri tehokkaaseen haitta-aineiden puhdistumiseen. Myös tulovedessä olevat aineet ja niiden pitoisuudet vaikuttivat poistumiseen kuten myös uudelleen liikkeelle lähtemiseen. Lämpötila vaikutti haitta-aineiden pidättymiseen laboratoriossa toteutetussa ravistelukokeessa, mutta kosteikkojen aineiston perusteella ainoastaan antimonin puhdistumisprosessit olivat tehokkaampia kesällä kuin talvella. Arseenin ja antimonin pidättyminen oli parasta veden pH:n olleessa noin 6, kun taas selkeätä huuhtoutumista havaittiin pH:ssa 9. Nikkelille tilanne oli päinvastainen. Veden viipymä oli talven roudan vuoksi lyhyempi viitaten pienempään saatavilla olevaan turvetilavuuteen. Pilot-kosteikoilla toteutetut jäätymissulamiskokeet tukivat tätä ja osoittivat, että roudan aikana on selkeitä nopeita virtausreittejä. Kosteikkopuhdistamojen pitkäaikainen käyttö näkyi haitta-aineiden kerääntymisessä turpeeseen, joka tuki vedenlaatuaineiston perusteella laskettua tehokasta ainepoistumaa kohteilla. Tulokset osoittivat, että aineet huuhtoutuvat, kun niiden pitoisuus tulovedessä laskee. Testikosteikot ja mallintaminen todettiin hyödylliseksi menetelmäksi lisätä ymmärrystä puhdistusprosesseista. Ne toistivat turvemaiden sulamisjäätymisprosesseja, mutta puhdistusprosessien HYDRUS-mallinnus oli tarkempaa roudattomalle kaudelle. Lisää tutkimusta tarvitaan mallin parametrisoimiseksi routakaudelle. Tulosten perusteella puhdistusprosessien hallinta kaivosvesien yhteydessä, kun olosuhteet sekä tuloveden laatu vaihtelevat, on haasteellista. Tulisi löytää ratkaisuja vastaanottavan vesistön pilaantumisriskin huomioimiselle tilanteissa, joissa kosteikoille on pitkään johdettu kaivosvesiä
Jan Kapr's contribution to contemporary music : an essay about a composer and teacher
No full textThis creative project is a treatise on a leading personality of Czechoslovakian musical life, the composer, Jan Kapr. The author discusses the following:1. The complicated development of Kapr's career and work, 2. Kapr's method of organization of musical material in a composition, as described in his book Constants,3. His former and current style which is demonstrated in two of his compositions, Concert Variations, for flute and string orchestra and Testimonies for four solo instruments,4. Two of his recent works, Exercises for Gydli and the Symphony No. 7, Country of Childhood.Thesis (M.A.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
ELEVEN FACES OF JAN GOGOL, JR.
No full textAuthor Jan Rendl in his thesis attempts to look at the world of ideas and educator Jan
Gogola ml. through the eleven chapters in which each chapter somehow characterizes itself by Jan Gogola ml. and each of them somehow determines its creative ideas of it through the metaphor of a football match when Jan Gogola, with its characters, movies himself a teammate, as well as defensively. It gives goals with their situations as well as occasionally digging his opponents ankles.
Jan Gogola ml. thus embodies one stage of the Department of Documentary Film at FAMU, which often stands at the intersection between teaching activities and Karel Vachek among students who applied by them during their seminars psychological methods that work must be peculiarly associated with the author of the film
Dr. Jan French – Faculty Author Interview
No full textDr. Jan French, Assistant Professor of Anthropology, discusses her new book, Legalizing Identities: Becoming Black or Indian in Brazil’s Northeast, which shows how law can successfully serve as the impetus for the transformation of cultural practices and collective identity
Jan Bernátek - organ works
No full textThis graduation thesis provides a more detailed view on compositoins of Jan Bernátek.The aim is to present this less well-known temporary czech author,who makes use of the organ in the majority of his work
The Theological Work of Jan Valerián Jirsík
No full textAnglická anotace The theological work of Jan Valerian Jirsík Jan Hamberger This thesis deals with the theological work of the Czech 19th century author Jan Valerián Jirsík (1798-1883). Its first part consists of an introduction into the Czech historical context of the 19th century and the life of the author. Its second part presents a survey of the literary-theological work of Jirsík in three life phases: the first phase is demarked by his activity as chaplain and vicar, the second phase by his editorial activity for Casopis pro katolické duchovenstvo (trans. Magazine for catholic clergy) and the last phase by his pontifical years in the diocese of Southern Bohemia. His literary work is divided by theme into various periods, shortly described and characterized. The last and major section of this thesis deals with the most comprehensive and renown work of Jan Valerián Jirsík - Populární dogmatika (trans. Popular doctrine). This pivotal work of theologian Jirsík is discussed at large and analyzed by tractate, both apologetic and dogmatic. The conclusion expresses the prevailing character of the entire work of Jirsík and its significance. Key words: Theology Apologetic theology Dogmatic theology Theological literature Catholic Churc
Actor Profile of Jan Vondracek
No full textDivided into seven chapters, the work treats seven roles of the Czech actor Jan Vondracek (born in 1966) in Divadlo v Dlouhe Theatre from 1997-2008. The author starts from the analysis of Vondracek's performances and describes the specifics of his
showmanship and generalizes the personality traits of his characters. She also ponders the meaning of Czech dramatic art based on
typical characters in the context of contemporary Czech theatre
The picture of Jan Palach in czech culture
No full textThis thesis deals with cultural image of Jan Palach. It focuses especially on symbols and myths contributing to construction of this image. The main emphasis is given on the concept of sacrifice - the study analyzes comparisons of Jan Palach to archetypes of Jesus Christ and young martyrs. In the second part author analyzes national dimension of Palach's cultural image. She deals with comparison of Palach to Jan Hus and analyzes Palach's funeral as a part of tradition of Czech public funerals - quiet national demonstrations. The methodology of the study is discourse analysis, which is applied not only on texts (fiction and nonfiction), but also on photographic and film footage
Jan Maruna - the author of my region
No full textNa začátku práce jsem autora blíže představila a následně analyzovala jeho tři romány: Ambra a moře v nás, Hrobník od Svatého Bartoloměje, Vlak do nebe.
Při rozboru textů jsem se zaměřila na téma, prostředí a čas, charakteristiku postav, kompozici, jazyk a jeho prostředky.
Práce je rozdělena do čtyř hlavních kapitol: Portrét Jana Maruny, Vybrané romány, Analýza struktury vybraných děl a Ostatní prozaická díla v kontextu Jana Maruny.Katedra českého jazyka a literaturyObhájenoAt the beginning of the thesis I introduced the author in more detail and subsequently analysed his three novels: Ambra a moře v nás, Hrobník od Svatého Bartoloměje, Vlak do nebe. When I was examining the texts I was focused on the topic, setting and time, characteristic of characters, composition, language and its devices. The Bachelor thesis is divided into 4 main chapters: Portrait of Jan Maruna, Chosen novels, Analysis of structure of chosen works and Other prosaic works in context of Jan Maruna
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