196,112 research outputs found
Carnap, Kuhn, and the history of science
No full textThe purpose of this article is to respond to Thomas Uebel´s criticisms of my comments regarding the current revisionism of Carnap´s work and its relations to Kuhn. I begin by pointing out some misunderstandings in the interpretation of my article. I then discuss some aspects related to Carnap´s view of the history of science. First, I emphasize that it was not due to a supposed affinity between Kuhn´s conceptions and those of logical positivism that Kuhn was invited to write the monograph on the history of science for the Encyclopedia. Three other authors had been invited first, including George Sarton whose conception was entirely different from Kuhn´s. In addition, I try to show that Carnap attributes little importance to history of science. He seldom refers to it and, when he does, he clearly defends (like Sarton) a Whig or an “old” historiography of science, to which Kuhn opposes his “new historiography of science”. It is argued that this raises serious difficulties for those, like Uebel, who hold the view that Carnap includes the historical or the social within the rational
CSI : Kuhn and Latour
No full textI have been always most moved by those whose views I have ended up opposing. I say
'ended up' because the views are typically ones in which I originally invested considerable
study and interest. But then a version of the 'familiarity breeds contempt' principle
sets in, and my intellectual immune system generates antibodies that ward off later, more
virulent strains of such thinkers' thoughts. So fortified, I welcome the opportunity to
reflect on the significance of Kuhn (1962) and Latour (1987), who have been influential
figures in my thinking about science and technology studies (STS) ever since I began to
encounter the field as a graduate student in the early 1980s. In fact, I had read The Structure
of Scientific Revolutions (SSR) as part of Columbia University's required general education
course, 'Contemporary Civilization', in 1976. As for Latour's work, I first read
Laboratory Life in Mary Hesse’s MPhil seminar at Cambridge in 1980, and I remember
purchasing my copy of Science in Action (SIA) in the Brunel University bookshop shortly
after it came out in 1987. I had been there, I believe, courtesy of early Latour collaborator
Steve Woolgar. The trip also coincided with the founding of the journal Social Epistemology
at the Taylor & Francis headquarters in London. In both cases, my first impression was
very favourable – in a way that did not extend to the rest of their works
What can cognitive science tell us about scientific revolutions?
No full textKuhn’s Structure of Scientific Revolutions is notable for the readiness with which
it drew on the results of cognitive psychology. These naturalistic elements were not well
received and Kuhn did not subsequently develop them in his published work. Nonetheless,
in a philosophical climate more receptive to naturalism, we are able to give a more positive
evaluation of Kuhn’s proposals. Recently, philosophers such as Nersessian, Nickles, Andersen,
Barker, and Chen have used the results of work on case-based reasoning, analogical
thinking, dynamic frames, and the like to illuminate and develop various aspects of Kuhn’s
thought in Structure. In particular this work aims to give depth to the Kuhnian concepts
of a paradigm and incommensurability. I review this work and identify two broad strands
of research. One emphasizes work on concepts; the other focusses on cognitive habits. Contrasting
these, I argue that the conceptual strand fails to be a complete account of scientific
revolutions. We need a broad approach that draws on a variety of resources in psychology
and cognitive science.
La estructura de las revoluciones científicas de Kuhn es destacable por la facilidad con
que aprovecha los resultados de la psicología cognitiva. Estos elementos naturalistas no tuvieron
una buena acogida y Kuhn no los desarrolló posteriormente en su trabajo publicado.
No obstante, desde un ambiente filosófico más receptivo hacia el naturalismo podemos ofrecer
una evaluación más positiva de las propuestas de Kuhn. Recientemente, algunos filósofos
como Nersessian, Nickles, Andersen, Barker y Chen han utilizado los resultados del trabajo
sobre el razonamiento basado en casos, el pensamiento analógico, los marcos dinámicos,
etc., para iluminar y desarrollar varios aspectos del pensamiento de Kuhn en La estructura.
En particular, este trabajo intenta dar profundidad a los conceptos kuhnianos de paradigma
e inconmensurabilidad. En este artículo examino dicho trabajo e identifico dos principales
corrientes de investigación. Una de ellas subraya el trabajo sobre conceptos y la otra se
centra en los hábitos cognitivos. Después de contrastar ambas, sostengo que la corriente
conceptual no logra ser una explicación completa de las revoluciones científicas. Necesitamos
una perspectiva amplia que aproveche una variedad de recursos de la psicología y la
ciencia cognitiva
Kuhn, Sarton, and the history of science
No full textThe scientific work of Leonardo da Vinci may have served as the main inspiration for the historical research of George Sarton. Although he never produced a work he felt was worthy of its subject, the little that he did write about Leonardo reveals the importance he attributed to him in the history of science. This is especially clear in Sarton´s treatment of Leonardo and a discovery he did not make: William Harvey´s discovery of blood circulation in the 17th Century. In this article, we refer to this particular episode to trace Sarton´s conception of the development of science. It is a conception that illustrates well the traditional historiographic perspective that is the target of Thomas Kuhn´s criticisms. Although Kuhn never wrote about Leonardo or Harvey, we aim to show that he clearly positioned himself contrary to Sarton, albeit indirectly, with respect to this particular historical episode, as well
Introduction to the Routledge Handbook of the Communicative Constitution of Organization
No full textThe time is ripe for a Handbook of the Communicative Constitution of Organization (CCO). Because this body of thought is rich, diverse, and continually developing, this introductory chapter pursues several aims. It begins by locating the emergence and institutionalization of CCO theorizing in space and time, and outlines what it means to approach the social world with a CCO sensibility. It then moves to the overarching themes and key questions that drive CCO scholarship today. It demonstrates how these questions—of ontology, agency (which implies authority and the situation), and (dis)organization—are the axes around which CCO’s three primary schools of thought revolve. From there, the introduction takes up some of the vectors of division across the CCO community: Contrasting conceptions of communicative events, agency, and materiality. Finally, it sketches several areas for the field’s future development and delineates the contributions made by the chapters comprising the Handbook’s four sections. If this is the moment to mark the significance of CCO thinking and to set an agenda for its future, the set of chapters to follow are more than up to the task
Implementation of a new bi-directional solar modelling method for complex facades within the ESP-r building simulation program
No full textThis paper provides an overview of a new method for modelling the total solar energy transmittance. It is implemented in the ESP-r building simulation program to model complex façades such as double glazed façades with external, internal or integrated shading devices. This new model has been validated and tested for several cases. The new model required changes to the solar control simulation algorithm and the user interface, so a new “Advanced optics menu” was also introduced into ESP-r. The paper presents the interface development and application of the new technique to different simulation configurations (especially different complex façades with shading devices) in a standard office building
Building Predictive Models in R Using the caret Package
No full textThe caret package, short for classification and regression training, contains numerous tools for developing predictive models using the rich set of models available in R. The package focuses on simplifying model training and tuning across a wide variety of modeling techniques. It also includes methods for pre-processing training data, calculating variable importance, and model visualizations. An example from computational chemistry is used to illustrate the functionality on a real data set and to benchmark the benefits of parallel processing with several types of models.
Panoramic overview of unconventional approaches to detect chiral information
No full textThe concept of inherent chirality has gained considerable attention due to the possible synthesis of π-conjugated monomers that can be employed for preparing chiral electrode surfaces after electrooligomerization [1]. These materials have been used in enantiorecognition measurements involving chiral analytes, resulting in high selectivity based on diastereomeric interactions between the deposited enantiopure antipode and the probes dissolved in solution. In this context the high enantioselectivity of such chiral surfaces was used in combination with the mechanical and electrical properties of polypyrrole (Ppy) films to develop three new straightforward read-outs for the absolute on-off recognition of enantiomers of a chiral probe in solution; i) electromechanical deformation (a) [2], ii) electrochemically induced light emission (b) [3] and iii) self-induced enantioselective trajectories (c) [4]. These new approaches allow to convert chiral information present at the molecular level into macroscopic actuation, light emission or controlled trajectories. Furthermore, such systems allow correlating the output signal with the concentration of the enantiomers present in solution, even in the case of mixtures containing different ratios of the molecular antipodes.
[1] Arnaboldi, S.; Benincori, T.; Cirilli, R.; Kutner, W.; Magni, M.; Mussini, P. R.; Noworyta, K.; Sannicolo,̀ F. Chem. Sci. 2015, 6, 1706− 1711.
[2] Arnaboldi, S.; Gupta, B.; Benincori, T.; Bonetti, G.; Cirilli, R.; Kuhn, A. Anal. Chem. 2020, 92, 10042−10047.
[3] Salinas, G.; Arnaboldi, S.; Bonetti, G.; Cirilli, R.; Benincori, T.; Kuhn, A. Chirality 2021, 33, 875-882.
[4] Arnaboldi, S.; Salinas, G.; Karajic, A.; Garrigue, P.; Benincori, T.; Cirilli, R.; Bichon, S.; Gounel, S.; Mano, N.; Kuhn, A. Nat. Chem. 2021, 13, 1241-1247.
Keywords: (inherent)chirality; bipolar electrochemistry, chiral actuator, chiral swimmers, light emitting diodes
This work has been funded by the European Research Council (ERC) under the HORIZON-ERC-2021 program (grant agreement no 101040798, ERC Starting Grant CHEIR)
Peggy Kuhn
No full textPeggy Kuhn retires after 23 years of service to EIU. (l-r) President William Perry, Peggy Kuhn, Vice President of Student Affairs Dan Nadler.https://thekeep.eiu.edu/retirements_2013/1002/thumbnail.jp
Mary Kuhn
No full textMary Kuhn retires after 20 years of service to EIU. (l-r) President William Perry, Mary Kuhn, Provost Blair Lord.https://thekeep.eiu.edu/retirements_2013/1006/thumbnail.jp
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