1,721,122 research outputs found
The Impact of Respondents’ Background Towards Slum Conceptualisations and Transferability Measurement of Remote Sensing–Based Slum Detections. Case Study: Jakarta, Indonesia
Full text linkUpdated and reliable data on slums’ location, extent, morphology, and living conditions is critical to implementing and evaluating the effectiveness of slum improvement programs. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) allows extracting such information from imagery using shape, texture, density, and context to resemble human recognition of image objects. Although slums share similar characteristics, such as density, locations, and building orientations, they may differ locally, which requires adaptations of the OBIA ruleset; this reduces its transferability. Also, the most common approach in measuring transferability is using accuracy assessment by comparing the OBIA result with reference data created by domain experts using visual indicators. However, image interpreters have various local and professional experiences. Consequently, their choice of indicators to conceptualise slums and how they are delineating objects may lead to ambiguous results regarding mapped slum existence and extent. Our research aims to understand how respondents’ backgrounds impact slum conceptualisations and transferability measurement. We used three subsets in Jakarta, Indonesia, with different morphological characteristics and asked respondents with varied backgrounds to indicate slums and their characteristics. Our research concludes that different sources of uncertainties come from different understandings of slums, and the inability of rule-based OBIA to handle all uncertainties limits the ability to create a transferable OBIA ruleset for slum detections. We also conclude that the usage of accuracy assessment in measuring the performance of the image classification algorithm might be misleading when we are unaware of uncertainties in reference data
Detection of Unmonitored Graveyards in Lima in VHR Satellite Data Using Fully Convolutional Networks
Full text linkLima, Peru, is a highly dynamic urban region home to perpetually evolving informal areas. Earth observation (EO) studies on these areas focused almost solely on their inhabited parts, the informal housing. In this study, we propose to extend the focus to another component of the informal settlements: informal graveyards. Their emerging morphologies in Lima are similar to informal housing, making this particular distinction challenging. Furthermore, both graveyards and housing typically experience joint, intertwined spatial development. The adjacency of graveyards and informal housing causes social and public health risks. Therefore, detection of boundaries between graveyards and adjacent (in)formal housing is essential, e.g. as an information basis for preventing the spread of diseases and supporting public health and safety in general. However, housing invasions on burial grounds have not yet been systematically monitored. Therefore, this study aims to develop a method for the distinction of graveyards from (in)formal housing. We combined anthropological field observations with fully convolutional networks (FCNs) with dilated convolution of increasing spatial kernels to acquire features of deep level of abstraction on Pleiades optical satellite images. The trained neural network developed reaches good accuracies in mapping informal graveyards, (in)formal housing, and non-built areas with an average F1 score of 0.878
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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