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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Kampanye kurban murah : analisis hadis kurban dengan domba jadza‘ah perspektif fiqh al-taysîr
Full text linkThe ritual of sacrificing animals known as Qurban is one of the most prominent worships in Islam. Nevertheless, on account of the highly criteria of qurban‟s animals, the price of animals often very excessive. Hence, qurban is considered as an expensive kind of worship for many Indonesian Muslims, to be specific, for the middle to low economic class of Muslims. Whereas in fiqh literature, there is an opinion that it is permissible to perform sacrifice with jadza„ah sheep whose price is more affordable. Unfortunately, this opinion is not well known among the Indonesian Muslim community. This article will analyze the hadith of qurban with jadza„ah sheep in the perspective of fiqh al-taysîr. This article is considered as qualitative research that use literature references that are relevant to the theme. The methods of research are content analysis and descriptive-analytical method. Fiqh al- taysîr emphasizes a notion that are easier for Muslims to implement. In its implementation, fiqh al-taysîr considers these matters; a more moderate aspect, emergency factor, easier opinion, being careful in deciding between obligatory and sunnah, free from mahdzab fanaticism, facilitating things that cannot or might be difficult to avoid, taking into maqâṣid syarî'ah consideration and applying the rules: changes in fatwas due to the change of times, places, conditions, and habits. In the context of the criteria for jadza„ah sheep as an alternate animal for Qurban, the concept of fiqh al-taysîr takes the opinion of scholars who state that jadza„ah sheep are sheep that are perfectly six months old and the price is relatively affordable in price, thus they are easier to practice by the Muslim community of the middle to lower economic class.
Ibadah kurban merupakan ibadah yang sangat dianjurkan dalam Islam. Namun demikian, ibadah ini oleh banyak masyarakat muslim Indonesia kalangan bawah masih dianggap sebagai ibadah yang mahal, karena adanya anggapan masyarakat tentang kriteria tinggi pada hewan kurban sehingga harganya relatif lebih mahal. Padahal dalam literatur fikih, ada pendapat yang memperbolehkan melakukan kurban dengan domba jadza‟ah yang harganya lebih terjangkau. Hanya saja pendapat ini memang kurang masyhur di kalangan masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Artikel ini akan mengkaji hadis kurban dengan domba jadza‟ah dalam perspektif fiqh al-taysîr. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang memanfaatkan referensi-referensi kepustakaan yang relevan dengan tema yang dibahas. Content analysis dan deskriptif-analitis dipakai sebagai metode analisis dalam artikel ini. Fiqh al-taysîr menekankan kepada pendapat yang lebih mudah dilaksanakan oleh umat Islam. Dalam implementasinya, fiqh al-taysîr mempertimbangkan aspek keringanan, unsur darurat, memilih pendapat yang lebih mudah, berhati-hati dalam memutuskan hukum wajib dan haram, bebas dari fanatisme mazhab, mempermudah dalam hal-hal yang tidak bisa atau sulit dihindari, mempertimbangkan maqâṣid syarî„ah dan menerapkan kaidah: perubahan fatwa karena perubahan zaman, tempat, kondisi dan kebiasaan. Dalam konteks kriteria hewan kurban dengan domba jadza‟ah, konsep fiqh al-taysîr mengambil pendapat ulama yang menyatakan bahwa domba jadza‟ah adalah domba yang berusia sempurna enam bulan yang harganya relatif lebih murah, sehingga lebih mudah diamalkan oleh masyarakat muslim kalangan ekonomi bawah.
The ritual of sacrificing animals known as Qurban is one of the most prominent worships in Islam. Nevertheless, on account of the highly criteria of qurban‟s animals, the price of animals often very excessive. Hence, qurban is considered as an expensive kind of worship for many Indonesian Muslims, to be specific, for the middle to low economic class of Muslims. Whereas in fiqh literature, there is an opinion that it is permissible to perform sacrifice with jadza„ah sheep whose price is more affordable. Unfortunately, this opinion is not well known among the Indonesian Muslim community. This article will analyze the hadith of qurban with jadza„ah sheep in the perspective of fiqh al-taysîr. This article is considered as qualitative research that use literature references that are relevant to the theme. The methods of research are content analysis and descriptive-analytical method. Fiqh al- taysîr emphasizes a notion that are easier for Muslims to implement. In its implementation, fiqh al-taysîr considers these matters; a more moderate aspect, emergency factor, easier opinion, being careful in deciding between obligatory and sunnah, free from mahdzab fanaticism, facilitating things that cannot or might be difficult to avoid, taking into maqâṣid syarî'ah consideration and applying the rules: changes in fatwas due to the change of times, places, conditions, and habits. In the context of the criteria for jadza„ah sheep as an alternate animal for Qurban, the concept of fiqh al-taysîr takes the opinion of scholars who state that jadza„ah sheep are sheep that are perfectly six months old and the price is relatively affordable in price, thus they are easier to practice by the Muslim community of the middle to lower economic class.
ABSTRAK:
Ibadah kurban merupakan ibadah yang sangat dianjurkan dalam Islam. Namun demikian, ibadah ini oleh banyak masyarakat muslim Indonesia kalangan bawah masih dianggap sebagai ibadah yang mahal, karena adanya anggapan masyarakat tentang kriteria tinggi pada hewan kurban sehingga harganya relatif lebih mahal. Padahal dalam literatur fikih, ada pendapat yang memperbolehkan melakukan kurban dengan domba jadza‟ah yang harganya lebih terjangkau. Hanya saja pendapat ini memang kurang masyhur di kalangan masyarakat muslim Indonesia. Artikel ini akan mengkaji hadis kurban dengan domba jadza‟ah dalam perspektif fiqh al-taysîr. Artikel ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yang memanfaatkan referensi-referensi kepustakaan yang relevan dengan tema yang dibahas. Content analysis dan deskriptif-analitis dipakai sebagai metode analisis dalam artikel ini. Fiqh al-taysîr menekankan kepada pendapat yang lebih mudah dilaksanakan oleh umat Islam. Dalam implementasinya, fiqh al-taysîr mempertimbangkan aspek keringanan, unsur darurat, memilih pendapat yang lebih mudah, berhati-hati dalam memutuskan hukum wajib dan haram, bebas dari fanatisme mazhab, mempermudah dalam hal-hal yang tidak bisa atau sulit dihindari, mempertimbangkan maqâṣid syarî„ah dan menerapkan kaidah: perubahan fatwa karena perubahan zaman, tempat, kondisi dan kebiasaan. Dalam konteks kriteria hewan kurban dengan domba jadza‟ah, konsep fiqh al-taysîr mengambil pendapat ulama yang menyatakan bahwa domba jadza‟ah adalah domba yang berusia sempurna enam bulan yang harganya relatif lebih murah, sehingga lebih mudah diamalkan oleh masyarakat muslim kalangan ekonomi bawah.
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Qaul Al-Mukhtar Al-Nawawi sebagai Pendapat Alternatif Muslim Nusantara
Full text linkThe spreading of Syafi’ite school of law in Indonesia until now has a long history in the process of Islamic transmission in the country. Islam entered into Indonesian archipelago through the merchants in the seventh century. However, the dispersion of Islam could not run smoothly before Wali Songo emerged in Indonesian society at the fifteenth century. In this era, Islam could be received and absorbed widely by the Indonesians. The Islamic school of law that is brought by Wali Songo is Syafi’ite. Even most of Muslims in Indonesia follow Syafi’ite school of law, in the real life including in their daily prayers and trade activities, they are not use this school entirely. One of the reasons why this school is not practiced by Muslims fully is difficult to practice. The existence of Qaul al-Mukhtār of al-Nawawī can be an alternative way for the followers of this school of law that is difficult in practicing one of his opinions. Besides its strong arguments, Qaul al-Mukhtar of al- Nawawī is not really out from the rule of Syafi’ite school of law. In addition, it is representation of Fikih al-Muyassar (simplifed fiqh) concept for Muslim in Indonesia. Therefore, the follower of Syafi’ite school of law in Indonesia can feel easy and peace in practicing Islam
Kritik Terhadap Pemikiran al-Albani Tentang Kehujjahan Hadis Ḍa‘īf
No full textAssessment the quality of ḥadīṡ is an ijtihād tradition which is carried out by experts of ḥadīṡ. Evidently, despite the experts of ḥadīṡ have agreed to determine the validity of ḥadīṡ, in some cases, they divided in assessing the quality of ḥadīṡ. The valuation differences will impact the mining law of this ḥadīṡ. At the level of practice, the experts of ḥadīṡ also have a different argument in the ability to use ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ. Al-Albānī is one of a contemporary theologian of ḥadīṡ who reject the practice of ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ absolutely. The reason is ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ only provide virtue and al-marjūḥ (alleged weak), so he thought that set an action with ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ is a tashrī‘, while tashrī‘ cannot use ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ. He also claimed that the ban to practice ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ is the opinion of the experts of ḥadīṡ such as al-Bukhārī, Muslim, Ibn Ma‘īn, Ibn Ḥazm and Ibn al-‘Arabī. But in reality, based on the data that has been presented, the experts are actually practicing ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ to faḍā’il al-a‘māl and its kind in their books. These facts, of course, dismissed the claims made by al-Albānī saying that they refuse to practice ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ absolutely. It became evident that the stronger opinion is the opinion of the majority of experts who were allowed, even encourage the practice of ḍa‘īf ḥadīṡ to fada'ilal-a'mal and its kind with the conditions that have been set
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
TIPOLOGI KODIFIKASI KITAB HADIS AL-MA’A
Full text linkThe method which is used by theologian in hadi> th codification has a trend that changes from time to time. After third century of hijriyah, some theologians arrange hadi>th’s book using the method that has already taught to them before, but others have a different method. One of the methods which is dissimilar from others is hadi>th codification method or it is called Mu‘jam. Mu‘jam is a hadi> th codification typology that is based on the friend of the Prophet’s Musnad or the writer’s teacher that is arranged based on the alphabet. In some sample, it has seemed that Mu‘jam’s book also shows some friends of the Prophet’s biography before showing the history of them. Mu‘jam’s book is classified into two groups. They are Mu‘jam al-Shuyu>kh (based on teacher’s names) and Mu‘jam al-S{ah}a>bah (based on friends of the Prophet’s names). Commonly, there is some quality of hadi>th s in Mu‘jam’s books. There are s}ah}i>h}, h}asan, d}a‘i>f even mawd}u>’ (false). One of the benefits in Ma‘ajim’s book is as the main reference of Prophet’s Musnad hadi>th. It means continued until the Prophet himself and containing lots of hadi>th that is not found in al-Kutu>b al-Sittah. Moreover, Mu‘jam’s book is one of the main references to know the biography of S{ah}abat (friend’s Prophet), nasab (offspring), and their virtue
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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