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Research on the Iconography of Kubera
No full textCette thèse a pour objet l’étude des images du dieu Kubera (nommé aussi Vaiśravaṇa ou Jambhala) dans le monde indien, de leur apparition (vers 150 avant notre ère) jusqu’au XIIe siècle. Dans l’hindouisme, Kubera a comme fonctions principales d’être le maître des yakṣa, le dieu de la richesse et le gardien (lokapāla) du nord. Kubera a été également intégré parmi les divinités mineures du bouddhisme et du jaïnisme. Cette thèse s’attache à présenter les caractéristiques de la personnalité de Kubera dans la littérature, puis à étudier chronologiquement l’évolution de son iconographie. Cette thèse cherche à démontrer que la personnalité de Kubera est plus riche et plus complexe que ce qui est généralement admis et que ses images sont en fait plus variées que ce que l’on pourrait penser. En plus de ses fonctions classiques, Kubera est ainsi fortement associé en milieu hindou à la fonction royale. Il est aussi fréquemment représenté avec Gaṇeśa et la déesse Lakṣmī. Ses « trésors » (nidhi) personnifiés (la Conque et le Lotus) ornent de nombreux sanctuaires. Son image est particulièrement complexe dans l’art du Gandhāra (entre le milieu du Ier siècle et le IIIe siècle de notre ère) où son iconographie résulte d’une fusion de ses fonctions traditionnelles avec la personne de Pāñcika, son général en chef et l’époux de Hāritī, ainsi qu’avec le dieu Pharro d’origine iranienne et avec l’Hermès/Mercure gréco-romain. Kubera peut également dans l’art bouddhique apparaître comme un gardien du Buddha et de son enseignement, tandis que dans le jaïnisme, il est à l’origine de l’image de la plupart des gardiens chargés de la protection personnelle des vingt-quatre Jina.This thesis is a study of the images of god Kubera (also called Vaiśravaṇa or Jambhala) in South Asia, from their origin (c. 150 B.C.) to the 12th century. In Hinduism, Kubera is mainly the Lord of the yakṣa, the Lord of Riches and the guardian (lokapāla) of the north. Kubera has also been included with the minor divinities of Buddhism and Jainism. The aim of this work is to present the features of Kubera’s character that can be found in literature and to study the chronological evolution of his iconography. This thesis seeks to prove that Kubera’s personality is more complex and richer than generally admitted, and that his images are more varied than one might think. In addition to his traditional roles, Kubera in Hinduism is strongly linked to sovereignty. He is often represented in association with Gaṇeśa and goddess Lakṣmī. His personified “treasures” (nidhi), the Conch-Shell and the Lotus, decorate numerous temples. Kubera’s image is particularly complex in Gandharan art (1st to 3rd centuries A.D.) where his iconography is the result of the fusion of his traditional functions with Pāñcika (Kubera’s general in chief and Hāritī’s husband), Iranian god Pharro and Greco-Roman god Hermes/Mercury. In Buddhist art, Kubera can be a protector of the Buddha and His Law, whereas in Jainism, he has given rise to most images of the guardians in charge of protecting the twenty-four Jinas
Maholi, Mathura: Kubera, God of Wealth, about 1st Century A.D.
No full textIn the figure of Kubera, god of wealth, there is certainly a massive quality to the form as well, but the effect is not monumental as it was in the case of the Bodhisattva of Frair Bala, Rather, the heavy, pot-bellied little god gives the impression of substantial presence: happy, down to earth and entirely material presence: not monumentality, Slightly geometric features characterize Kubera not unlike Bodhisattva, though, so that, regardless of his rotundity, his individual features are linear, In Indian myth, Kubera was King of the Yakshas, Just as the Yakshas were guardians of the earth, Kubera was guardian of the earth's abundance, Kubera and his genii were said to live in one of the great mountains formed by the growth of the lotus at the dawn of creation, Mount Sumeror or Meru is usually identified with Kubera's home which was also a favorite resort of Shiva, king of all the gods, Frequently, Kubera is depicted crouching or riding on the back of a man, His vehicle, thus, is said to be man himself, and the god acts as tutelary divinity of man's household, -- Mathura, Curzon Museum
Neuronal NF-kappa B ablation does not influence neuro-axonal degeneration in experimental autoimmune demyelination
No full textLee D-H, Kubera K, Rosenthal B, et al. Neuronal NF-kappa B ablation does not influence neuro-axonal degeneration in experimental autoimmune demyelination. Journal of Neuroimmunology. 2012;246(1-2):38-42.Neuro-axonal damage is a major hallmark of multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, not much is known on the underlying mechanisms of neuronal degeneration. In disease model myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (MOG-EAE), there is a significant loss of alpha motorneurons in the cervical as well as thoracic and lumbar spinal cord. We further investigate the role of activated NF-kappa B for neuronal damage in a conditional ablation mouse model. A calcium calmodulin kinase II promoter-driven tetracycline transactivator is employed to regulate the expression of a human transdominant negative I kappa B-alpha mutant in the basal forebrain and selected neuronal subpopulations in the cerebellum and spinal cord including cerebellar Purkinje cells and spinal cord alpha motorneurons. In these mice with conditional neuronal NF-kappa B ablation, the clinical course of MOG-EAE, parameters of inflammation and axonal densities in the spinal cord white and grey matter as well as numbers of alpha motorneurons are not different to littermate controls. In conclusion, neuronal NF-kappa B ablation does not modulate neurodegeneration in autoimmune demyelination. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Ajanta: Cave 1, detail of ceiling, Kubera, Late 6th-early 7th Centuries A.D.
No full textAmong the deities represented in the ceiling of Cave 1 is the jovial little god, Kubera, who presides over wealth and prosperity and is surrounded by his court of attendants, some of whom are dwarfs, Kubera is a dwarfish figure himself, and in addition to providing mankind with the blessings of riches, Kubera rules over all the Yakshas (earth guardians) who bestow on man all the treasures of the earth itself, We are supposed to interpret the ceiling as Kailasa, Kubera's mountainous abode and one of the five mountains saturated with the life-sap of the lotus (cosmic lotus) at the beginning of creation, Around the panel containing Kubera and members of his court are the familiar flower panels (previously seen in slide 27), including one with a sacred white elephant, which looks as weightless as the delicate flowers on which he rests, A Guhyaka or dwarf figure appears in the panel just below the elephant (separated by the blue, brown and white bars of color), this little figure serves a partly supportive function for the central panel of Kubera, for the vehicle attributed to Kubera is 'man,' most often represented as a dwarf, The white elephant is likewise a supportive element, mainly because the animal is called the 'caryatid of the universe' and frequently appears at the base and crowning of capitals on columns as well as in medallion form such as in this case
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The validity of districts of city research. Searching for the new–old identities
No full textW artykule dzielnica traktowana jest jako przestrzeń społeczna, która dziś funkcjonuje w obrębie dużego miasta, niegdyś zaś znajdowała się poza nim jako w pewnym stopniu odrębna i autonomiczna całość: wioska, obszar podmiejski, osobne osiedle czy małe miasto leżące przy większym ośrodku. W nawiązaniu do genezy miast, w tekście omówione są wybrane elementy tożsamości dzielnic miejskich. Następnie przedstawia się różne, charakterystyczne dla wybranych szkół w socjologii miasta, sposoby rozumienia i opisywania dzielnicy. Pośród wielu możliwych perspektyw Autorzy za szczególnie przydatną uważają tę, którą nazwać można ujęciem tożsamościowym. Tradycję badań w tym nurcie rozpoczął w Poznaniu Florian Znaniecki, a ich specyficzną cechą jest zwrócenie uwagi na autostereotyp mieszkańców danej przestrzeni oraz na badanie tego autostereotypu w kontekście innych tożsamości (np. narodowych, klasowych, religijnych). Na przykładzie poznańskich dzielnic, takich jak Śródka, Jeżyce, Święty Marcin czy Wilda, w tekście mówi się o zjawiskach kształtujących współcześnie tożsamości dzielnic w mieście.In the article the district of a city is treated as a social space, which operates today within a big city, and which was once beyond its certain extent as a separate and autonomous being: as a village, a suburban area, a separate estate or a small town situated near a bigger city. With reference to the genesis of cities, the text describes the selected elements of urban districts’ identity. Afterwards, with reference to selected urban sociology schools, different ways of understanding and describing the district are presented. Among the many possible perspectives, Authors consider particularly useful the one which may be called the identity approach. The tradition of conducting research in this trend was started in Poznan by Florian Znaniecki, and their characteristic is to draw attention to the autostereotype of residents living in a given place and study of this autostereotype in the context of other identities (eg. national, class, religious). Using the example of Poznan districts such as Śródka, Jeżyce, Św. Marcin or Wilda, the text speaks of the phenomena that form the modern identity of city’s districts.Publikacja finansowana ze środków Wydziału Nauk Społecznych Uniwersytetu Wrocławskiego
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Author, publisher and bookseller : a tripartite synergy in Nigerian book industry
No full textThis work is about the roles of Author, Publisher and Bookseller in Book development in
Nigeria. The paper started by delving into the history of Book Publishing in Nigeria after
which it proceeded by defining who an author, a publisher, and a bookseller is and
expatiated on the indispensable roles of these key actors in Nigerian Book Industry and in
the emerging Information Society. Furthermore, the various constraints to book
development were identified while the paper advised on how the Book Industry can be
further promoted in Nigeria. However, the paper concluded and made recommendations
on how the Book sector can help in enhancing scholarship in the country
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