1,720,956 research outputs found
The Approach to English Language Teaching in the Polish Education System
No full textThe paper elaborates on the way English language is taught in Poland. Firstly, the author wishes specify the division between different types of schools which create Polish education system. Secondly, the article intends to present the methods which are being used to create a lesson on different levels of education and how many hours of English students are exposed to. Finally, the paper is to show the approach to English in Poland
The model of woman-scientist. About Maria Skłodowska-Curie’s visit to the United States
No full textThe work elaborates on Marie Skłodowska-Curie’s trip to the United
States and its phenomenon, which took place thanks to the collaboration
with a journalist Marie Mattingly Meloney.
The author of the article reflects on the reasons behind Curie’s journey
and her unexpected popularity on her return. The work formulates a thesis
that the journey itself perfectly coincided with the time of growing changes
in the American outlook on life and on women in particular. It was the time
of radical views concerning the role of women as inferior in the society clashing
with the newly created feminism combined with popular Darwinism.
The article elaborates on the influence of Curie’s stay on the minds of American
women during her journey and the impact of her legacy on American
women’s minds many years after. The work also brings to light the concealment
of the inconvenient facts which could result in the negative portrayal
of Marie Curie – a phenomenal woman, mother and scientist
Kulturowe rozumienie konfliktu i sposobów jego rozwiązywania – filozofia „kompromisu” na przykładzie relacji rdzennej ludności Stanów Zjednoczonych z amerykańskim rządem
Full text linkThe study provides an interdisciplinary analysis of the philosophy of compromise and the mechanisms of its resolution using the example of the relationship between the indigenous peoples of the United States and the American government. The paper traces the history of early interactions between Europeans and North American indigenous peoples, which were initially partnerships. However, as the number of colonists increased and the demand for land grew, disputes escalated. Fearing the outbreak of larger-scale conflicts that could escalate into open warfare, the US government attempted to negotiate with the various tribes, often resulting in the signing of treaties. The author examines the evolution of the US government’s policy, which, over time, shifted from a trade and alliance relationship to abusive and hypocritical actions aimed at taking land from indigenous peoples. Although the treaties formally recognized the sovereignty of the tribes, in reality they served as tools for the colonizers to take over their lands. These documents defined boundaries and land use rights, and also obliged the Indians to support the US military. Many of these agreements were made under pressure, leading to numerous negative consequences for indigenous peoples, including the loss of lands, resources and forced attempts to assimilate to European norms, resulting in acts of genocide in the long term. To this day, many of these treaties remain in force, and contemporary Native American communities continue to struggle to comply with their provisions. These treaties form the basis of numerous claims to land rights, hunting, fishing and access to natural resources. These documents are also a testament to the philosophy of life of indigenous communities. Nowadays, thanks to increased legal awareness, Native Americans consistently remind the government of the need to respect these treaties, which were often not the result of negotiation but imposed conditions that indigenous peoples had to agree to in order to survive.W opracowaniu przeprowadzono interdyscyplinarną analizę filozofii kompromisu oraz mechanizmów jego rozwiązywania na przykładzie relacji pomiędzy rdzenną ludnością Stanów Zjednoczonych a rządem amerykańskim. Przedstawiono historię wczesnych interakcji między Europejczykami a rdzennymi mieszkańcami Ameryki Północnej, które początkowo miały charakter partnerski. Wraz ze wzrostem liczby kolonistów i rosnącym zapotrzebowaniem na ziemię dochodziło jednak do eskalacji sporów. W obawie przed wybuchem konfliktów na szerszą skalę, mogących przekształcić się w otwartą wojnę, rząd Stanów Zjednoczonych podejmował próby negocjacji z różnymi plemionami, co często kończyło się podpisaniem traktatów. Autor analizuje ewolucję polityki amerykańskiego rządu, który z biegiem czasu przeszedł od relacji handlowo-sojuszniczych do działań pełnych nadużyć i hipokryzji, mających na celu odebranie ziem rdzennym mieszkańcom. Choć traktaty formalnie uznawały suwerenność plemion, w rzeczywistości służyły jako narzędzia kolonizatorów do przejmowania ich ziemi. Dokumenty te określały granice oraz prawa do użytkowania terenów, a także obligowały Indian do wspierania amerykańskiej armii. Wiele z tych umów było zawieranych pod presją, co prowadziło do licznych negatywnych skutków dla rdzennej ludności, w tym do utraty ziem, zasobów oraz wymuszania prób asymilacji do europejskich norm, co w dłuższej perspektywie skutkowało aktami ludobójstwa. Do dziś wiele z tych traktatów pozostaje w mocy, a współczesne społeczności rdzennych Amerykanów nadal walczą o przestrzeganie ich zapisów. Traktaty te stanowią podstawę licznych roszczeń dotyczących: praw do ziemi, polowań, połowów oraz dostępu do zasobów naturalnych. Dokumenty te są także świadectwem filozofii życia rdzennych społeczności. Współcześnie, dzięki wzrostowi świadomości prawnej, Indianie konsekwentnie przypominają rządowi o konieczności respektowania tych umów, które często nie były wynikiem negocjacji, lecz narzuconymi warunkami, na które rdzenna ludność musiała się zgodzić, aby przetrwać
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Quo vadis foreign language teaching in Polish public secondary schools? Is the public education in the 21st century effective enough and technologically sufficient?
No full text- …
