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Fatty Acid Profiling Identification Method of Emerging Fungal Pathogen Candidozyma auris (Formally Candida auris)
No full textThe species Candidozyma auris (formerly known as Candida auris) can be subdivided into four major and two minor clades. It is considered an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen that causes invasive outbreaks around the world. Therefore, the accurate identification of this species plays an important role in combating invasion and facilitating pathogenic management. In our study an optional identification method was developed considering the possibility of using cellular fatty acids (FAs) as a taxonomic and diagnostic tool. FAs were recorded in the collected C. auris strains, and the species characteristic components were determined. Within the isolates examined, the clades were also separated in the statistical analysis. Furthermore, FAs from strains belonging to clade I and II have been divided into two distinct clusters. In testing the performance of the method, all identified samples showed good matches with the established C. auris record in the database without misreading. Taken together, cellular fatty acids were investigated as potential discriminatory biomarkers. The results suggest that this approach can distinguish C. auris from related species and provides distinctive fatty acid profiles for the investigated C. auris clades. The present findings revealed the first report on the application of whole cell FA components as taxonomic features in C. auris
Step-constrained self-avoiding walks on finite grids
No full textThe study of self-avoiding walks (SAWs) on integer lattices has been an area of active research for several decades. In this paper, we investigate the number of SAWs between two diagonally opposite corners in a finite rectangular subgraph of the integer lattice, subject to certain constraints. In the two-dimensional case, we provide an explicit formula for the number of SAWs of a prescribed length, restricted to three-step directions. In addition, we develop an algorithm that produces faster computational results than the explicit formula. For some special cases, we present detailed counts of the SAWs in question. For rectangular grid graphs of higher dimensions, we provide a formula to count the number of SAWs that are exactly two steps longer than the shortest walks
Egy rekultivált bányameddő-terület fásításának hosszú-távú hatásai a kialakuló talaj szerves szén és nitrogén tartalmára
No full textTUDOMÁNYOS TANÁCSKOZÁS Dr. h.c. Dr. Sitkei György professzor, akadémikus 95. születésnapja alkalmából, Sopron, 2026. február 20.
No full textThe Influence of Material and Process Parameters on Pressure Agglomeration and Properties of Pellets Produced from Torrefied Forest Logging Residues
No full textPellets produced from raw or torrefied shredded logging residues have been investigated in the study. The research material came from pine and spruce stands in Poland, Slovakia, Czechia and Hungary. Torrefaction temperatures (Tt) of 250, 300, and 400 °C were applied. Before pressure agglomeration, 3% wheat flour was added to the torrefaction material as a binding agent. Pellets with a diameter of 8 mm were produced at constant humidity, compaction pressure (P) of 140 or 180 MPa and agglomeration temperature (Ta) of 100, 120 or 140 °C. The produced pellets were assessed for their physicomechanical parameters (density, radial compressive strength, compression ratio, modulus of elasticity), chemical parameters (extractive compounds, cellulose, lignin) and energy parameters (ash content, elemental composition, calorific value). The results were subjected to basic statistical analysis and multi-way ANOVA. The produced pellets varied in physical, mechanical, chemical and energy properties. A significant effect of torrefaction temperature, agglomeration temperature and compaction pressure on the results was observed. In terms of physicomechanical parameters, the best pellets were produced from the raw material, while in terms of energy parameters, those produced from the torrefied material were superior. Pellets of satisfactory quality produced from torrefied logging residues could be obtained at Tt = 250 °C, Ta = 120 °C and P = 180 MPa. Pellets with specific density of approximately 1.1 g·cm−3, radial compressive strength of 3–3.5 MPa, modulus of elasticity of 60–80 MPa and calorific value of 20.3–23.8 MJ·kg−1 were produced in the process
Impact of hunting modality on social contacts in wild boar populations across Europe
No full textVariation in animal social interactions emerges from individual responses to social and physical environments and plays a key role in shaping pathogen transmission, gene flow and information transfer. Although hunting can induce changes in contact patterns through disruption of the social environment, the non‐consumptive effects of hunting have not received much attention compared to demographic effects of harvest. We examined the effects of hunting activities on contact rates in wild boar, a species particularly exposed to social disruptions owing to its high sociality and intense management. Using GPS‐telemetry data from 21 populations across Europe (435 unique dyads), we analysed how hunting activities impact social contacts within and between wild boar groups while accounting for confounders potentially shaping contact heterogeneity (e.g. habitat productivity, population density, predation, seasonality, individuals' sex and spatial proximity). We found that drive hunts, but not individual hunts, lowered contact rates within wild boar groups. Contact rates tended to be negatively related to drive hunts' frequency. We did not observe the effect of hunting mode on contact rates between members of different groups, which was mainly shaped by a positive relationship with spatial proximity. Contact probability among females from different groups was lower compared to male–male or mixed‐sex dyads. Synthesis and applications . Our study showcases how hunting disturbance influences social contact rates in a group‐living wild mammal. Along with other biotic and abiotic drivers, hunting modality plays a significant role in shaping intra‐group, but not inter‐group, contacts. Reduced group cohesion induced by drive hunts could negatively impact survival, foraging efficiency, and resource utilization. Hunting management could mitigate those negative impacts by spatially spreading driven areas throughout the season and targeting different groups each time. Our results suggest that hunting disturbances should not enhance disease spread through increased inter‐group contacts. Yet, hunting‐induced escape movements could still pose a risk of transmission into new areas. Inter‐group connectedness appeared to be maintained predominantly by males which could be targeted if disease transmission was a major management objective. Spatial proximity between individuals can be a reliable index of the amount of direct contacts within wild boar populations
Site variability in chemical compositions and color parameters of black locust (Robinia Pseudoacacia L.) wood
No full textRobinia pseudoacacia L. has a valuable wood due to its natural durability and resistance to decay and external environments. This durability is attributed to its high content of extractives and the amount of tyloses in earlywood vessels. Given the widespread occurrence of black locust across Hungary, the wood chemical components may differ depending on site growth conditions. This research investigated the chemical extractives and color parameters of wood from Robinia pseudoacacia L. from different counties and growth conditions in Hungary. The relationship between chemical extractives and color based on the CIElab system was also analysed. The results indicated that both counties and growth conditions showed significant variations in chemical extractives and color parameters. The counties of Vas and Győr-Moson-Sopron exhibited the highest total contents of extractives, polyphenol, antioxidant capacity and intense lightness. Compatible outcomes were recorded under poor growth condition mixed species. Lightness was significantly associated with extractives from methanol-water and total phenol contents with lightness. While the extractive from the cyclohexane-ethanol solvent system was linked with all color parameters. Subsequent research will investigate the impact of extractives on wood durability under different locations and growth conditions
Optimizing nitrogen and sulfur supplementation for enhanced growth and biochemical composition in Solanum lycopersicum under hydroponic conditions
No full textSolanum lycopersicum (tomato) is a globally significant crop valued for its nutritional and economic importance. This study investigated the effects of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) supplementation on tomato growth, biochemical profiles, and stress responses in a hydroponic system. Five treatments were tested: T1 (0% N, 0% S), T2 (50% N, 50% S), T3 (100% N, 100% S, control), T4 (250% N, 250% S), and T5 (500% N, 500% S). Results suggest that T3 (100% N, 100% S) supported optimal growth (plant height: 35.3 cm, leaf number: 33.3, root weight: 1.48 g), while T1 exhibited severe deficiency symptoms and T5 showed signs of nutrient toxicity. Biochemical analyses revealed strong positive correlations between N/S availability and chlorophyll ( r = 0.92, p < 0.01), carotenoids ( r = 0.89, p < 0.01), and protein content ( r = 0.95, p < 0.01). T5 displayed elevated antioxidant enzyme activities (CAT: 0.42 μmol/min/mg protein; APX: 2.40 μmol/min/mg protein) and increased cell death (40.0%), indicating metabolic stress. These findings suggest that the 100% N/S treatment was optimal for tomato growth and biochemical composition in hydroponic systems, while excessive nutrients induce stress. This study highlights the importance of precise nutrient management for sustainable hydroponic tomato production. Limitations include the use of a single cultivar, a small sample size (n = 3), and a controlled hydroponic environment, which may not fully represent field conditions
