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Structural elucidation, biological significance and computational approach of Copper(ii), Nickel(ii) and Cobalt(ii) with bidentate schiff base of N-(Napthalene-1-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide
No full textThe increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and oxidative stress-related diseases underscores the need for novel therapeutic agents with potential dual functionality. In this research, a schiff base ligand, N-(Napthalene-1-ylmethylene)isonicotinohydrazide, was synthesized and complexed with Copper(II), Nickel(II), and Cobalt(II) ions. Characterization of the compounds using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques confirmed successful complex formation and structural stability. Antibacterial testing through the disc diffusion method revealed that the Ni(II) complex exhibited the highest antibacterial activity, with significant inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , Escherichia coli , and Shigella flexneri . The antioxidant activity, evaluated via DPPH radical scavenging, showed that the Cu(II) complex was the most effective with an IC 50 value of 187.81 ± 1.42 µg/mL. Molecular docking studies against DNA gyrase (PDB ID: 7P2M) predicted the Ni(II) complex as the best binder (–9.9 kcal/mol), suggesting strong initial affinity. Complementary molecular dynamic simulations further demonstrated that Cu(II) and Co(II) complexes maintained the most stable protein-ligand interactions under dynamic conditions, highlighting their potential as robust inhibitors. ADMET predictions indicated favorable pharmacokinetic and toxicity profiles, though recognized as preliminary. DFT calculations confirmed stable geometries and showed a reduction of the HOMO–LUMO energy gap from 4.21 eV (ligand) to 2.85 eV (Ni complex), consistent with enhanced reactivity and biological activity. Mapping of electron density and atomic charge analysis identified potential nucleophilic attack sites, reinforcing the complexes’ therapeutic potential in combating bacterial infections and oxidative stress
Woodcarving in Malay Architecture: Patterns, Structures, and Cultural Significance
No full textThis paper examines the cultural, functional, and spiritual roles of woodcarving in traditional Malay architecture. It investigates how historical, cultural, and spiritual factors shaped the selection of materials, motifs, and carving techniques. Key architectural elements like Tunjuk Langit and Sisik Naga are highlighted for their aesthetic, functional and symbolic contributions. While Malay woodcarving’s symbolic and decorative aspects are well documented, integration into contemporary architectural is less explored. The study adopts a conceptual review approach, synthesising historical, cultural and architectural literature and analysing recurring motifs, techniques and applications through a thematic lens. The paper also discusses the challenge of preserving these traditional elements in modern architecture, offering insights into how they can be adapted while maintaining cultural significance. The findings highlight woodcarving’s enduring relevance, positioning it as a framework for sustainable and culturally rooted architecture
Developments in green nanotechnology: biogenic synthesis, mechanisms, applications
No full textThe conventional methods for fabrication of nanomaterials have heavily relied on the use of toxic chemicals for their reduction and stabilization as well as organic solvents, which are detrimental to the ecosystem. Thus, developing sustainable synthesis methods in line with the principles of “green” chemistry has always taken foremost precedence and at the same time, been a challenge. Over the past few decades, the synthesis of nanomaterials using environment-friendly agents has captivated the research community around the globe. A variety of plant extracts and microbes have been explored for the biogenic synthesis of different nanomaterials for myriad applications. This review aims to present the synthesis of nanomaterials using various green agents, their mechanism of formation and applications. Focus is also laid on how the morphology or property of the nanomaterials is influenced by different green agents or conditions during synthesis. Finally, the challenges and scope of using green agents for the synthesis of nanomaterials are presented
Growth and Multispectral Analysis of New Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Clones
No full textBlack locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) breeding is an important component of plantation forestry in Central and Eastern Europe; however, clone trials are still mainly evaluated using conventional field surveys, and the application of high-resolution red-edge satellite indices at the intraspecific level remains rarely applied. As a result, less information is available on the phenological status of black locust clones derived from red-edge satellite data. This study evaluates a clone trial established in Eastern Hungary on slightly acidic Arenosol soil, assessing the growth performance and seasonal spectral dynamics of newly bred black locust clones during their fifth growing season by integrating field measurements with PlanetScope-derived Normalized Difference Red-Edge Index (NDRE) time series. Clone NK2 exhibited the most vigorous growth, reaching a mean height of 11.1 ± 0.15 m and a diameter at breast height (DBH) of 11.21 ± 0.19 cm, which were 35.4% greater in height and 19.0% larger in DBH than those (8.2 ± 0.12 m height, and 9.42 ± 0.23 cm diameter) of the control (‘Üllői’ cultivar). Clone PL251 also exceeded the control by 25.6% in height and 19.2% in DBH. Spectral analysis (NDRE value ± standard error) revealed marked differences in phenological development: in the early stage (April 15), NK1 and PL040 had the highest NDRE values (0.472 ± 0.020 and 0.461 ± 0.019), whereas NK2 showed delayed leaf emergence (0.398 ± 0.019). By June 21, PL251 had reached an NDRE value of 0.692 ± 0.013, which was higher than that of the control (0.673 ± 0.016). In mid-July, NDRE peaked for NK2 and NK1 (0.732 ± 0.012 and 0.731 ± 0.013), with ‘Üllői’ showing consistently lower values across the season. In the final stage, NK2 maintained the highest NDRE values (October 22: 0.618 ± 0.015; November 9: 0.466 ± 0.021), indicating prolonged photosynthetic activity, while NK1 and ‘Üllői’ declined earlier (e.g., November 9: 0.354 ± 0.018 and 0.390 ± 0.027, respectively). These findings highlight NK2 and PL251 as superior candidates for high-yield, climate-resilient tree plantations because of their strong growth and extended physiological activity
A dualizmus időszakának erdész polihisztora : Fekete Lajos akadémikus élete és munkássága : Az MTA Erdészeti Tudományos Bizottságának tanulmánykötete V.
No full textEffect of the heat treatment on the physicochemical characteristics of rubberwood: Results of thermal analysis and FTIR spectroscopy
No full textHeat treatment is an environmentally friendly method used to improve properties of rubberwood. In this work, the changes in the chemical composition, thermal behavior and thermal degradation kinetics of heat-treated Hevea brasiliensis (rubber tree) were evaluated using thermogravimetry, differential scanning calorimetry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The rubberwood samples were exposed to temperatures of 180 °C and 220 °C in air under atmospheric pressure for durations of 15 25 and 35 h. Thermal analysis revealed degradation of hemicelluloses, an increase in the relative proportions of cellulose and lignin in heat-treated rubberwood. The thermal decomposition of rubberwood heat-treated at 220 °C started at a higher temperature compared to untreated wood. A shift in the position of peaks on differential thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry curves of heat-treated samples was observed, indicating changes in the structure of wood polymers. The temperature of heat treatment had a stronger effect on the chemical composition of rubberwood than duration. Significant changes in the chemical composition of rubberwood occurred after the treatment duration of 15 h at both 180 °C and 220 °C. The duration of 25 h and 35 h had no further substantial effect. The isoconversional method of Flynn-Wall-Ozawa was used to determine the kinetics of thermal degradation of untreated and heat-treated rubberwood. It is found that the average values of activation energy in the conversion degree range of 0,05 - 0,65 (the thermal degradation of polysaccharides) increased with increasing treatment temperature and duration. Fourier transform infrared spectra demonstrated alterations in wood polymers
Historical and projected forest cover changes in the Mount Kenya Ecosystem: Implications for sustainable forest management
No full textA kockázat tradicionális és modern megközelítésének összehasonlítása a fenntarthatóság szempontjából
No full textA tanulmány célja, hogy elméleti modell segítségével bemutassa a kockázat tradicionális megközelítésének alapjellemzőit, valamint azt, hogy ez a megközelítés alkalmazása megfelelőbb lehet a fenntarthatósági célok elérésre, mint a modern. A kockázat tradicionális megközelítése az erőforrások és a hozamok tekintetében is küszöb-kritériumokat alkalmaz, melyek nem szükségszerűen pénzben kifejezettek, miközben egyszerre kell, hogy érvényesüljenek. A valószínűségek használata sem jellemző a mai értelemben. A kockázatvállalást elfogadó döntések csak csekély bizonytalansági szint mellett születhettek meg. A modern megközelítés a kétféle küszöböt egybevonja, nagyobb bizonytalanságot is elfogad, ami az erőforrások tekintetében meglévő valós kockázati kitettség észlelését is megnehezíti. Mindeközben ugyanakkor a vállalati kompetenciák nagyságrendekkel fejlettebbek, és a hagyományos kockázatkezelési lehetőségek mellett megjelent a biztosítás lehetősége is. A modern megközelítés alkalmazásának alapvető mozgatórugója az, hogy folyamatosan újabb növekedési, jó esetben fejlődési alternatívák kerüljenek feltárásra, majd kiaknázásra. Az alternatívák esetében a gazdasági tevékenység helyszínei sokkal kevésbé kötöttek, mint korábban. Ilyen mértékű feltáró és kiaknázó tevékenységre a tradicionális megközelítés esetében alig nyílik lehetőség. Így a modern megközelítés alkalmazása sokkal inkább magában hordozza a gazdaság működésének fenntarthatatlanságát, mint a tradicionális megközelítés
A kalkulatív kamatláb meghatározásának hatása a beruházásgazdaságossági vizsgálatok eredményére: vállalati esettanulmány
No full textA tanulmányom célja, hogy egy irodalmi áttekintés keretein belül rendszerezzem a beruházásgazdaságossági vizsgálatok során használt diszkontálási ráta objektív és szubjektív meghatározási módszereit. Majd egy esettanulmányon keresztül fogom szemléltetni, hogy két különböző beruházási stratégiát, különböző növekedési stratégiát követő és eltérő finanszírozási megoldásokkal rendelkező vállalat esetében ugyanazon beruházási projekt milyen mértékben értékelhető eltérően az eltérő diszkontálás okozataként. Ezt követően napjaink pénzügyi instabilitását elemezve, szeretnék következtetéseket levonni az esettanulmány eredményéből, majd javaslatokat megfogalmazni, hogy a magyar kkv-knak hogyan célszerű a diszkontálás szubjektív elemeit meghatározni a stabil és fenntartható növekedés érdekében