1,720,953 research outputs found
Barrier related measures under the Water Framework Directive. Economic Framework and Potentials for marked-based instruments
No full textDurch die Richtlinie 2000/60/EG zur Schaffung eines Ordnungsrahmens für Maßnahmen der Gemeinschaft im Bereich der Wasserpolitik – kurz EG-WRRL – wurde in den Mitgliedstaaten der EU erstmals ein flächendeckendes ökosystemorientiertes Konzept für den Gewässerschutz etabliert. Bei der Verwirklichung der von der Richtlinie angestrebten Umweltziele – primär dem „guten Zustand“ – kommt der ökologischen Durchgängigkeit der Gewässer, also ihrer natürlichen Vernetzung, eine entscheidende Bedeutung zu. Die Durchgängigkeit vieler Gewässer ist durch so genannte Querbauwerke (z. B. Wehre, Talsperren) stark eingeschränkt, wodurch die natürlichen Wanderungsbewegungen von Fischen und anderen aquatischen Organismen behindert und die Lebensraumfunktionen dieser Gewässer stark beeinträchtigt werden können. Der Aufstau von Fließgewässern durch Querbauwerke bildet jedoch andererseits die Grundlage diverser Nutzungsinteressen von hoher gesellschaftlicher Bedeutung (z. B. Trinkwasserversorgung, Binnenschifffahrt und Nutzung der Wasserkraft zur Stromerzeugung), so dass ein Spannungsfeld zwischen Schutzanforderungen und Nutzungsinteressen besteht.
Auch fünfzehn Jahre nach Inkrafttreten der Richtlinie besteht bei zahleichen konzeptionellen Fragestellungen immer noch ein provisorisches Verständnis, wodurch auch der materielle Umsetzungsprozess der Richtlinie gehemmt wird. Dies gilt gerade auch für die in der Richtlinie vorgesehene ökonomische Unterstützung aller relevanten Planungs- und Umsetzungsprozesse, die eine kosteneffiziente Implementierung von Maßnahmen gewährleisten und einen gemeinwohlorientierten Ausgleich von Schutzerfordernissen und Nutzungsinteressen im Gesamtkontext gesellschaftlicher Zielsetzungen ermöglichen soll.
Die vorliegende Arbeit analysiert zunächst die ökonomischen Anforderungen der Richtlinie mit Blick auf das spezifische Handlungsfeld gewässerökologischer Verbesserungsmaßnahmen an Querbauwerken und fokussiert dann auf die Frage, inwiefern solche Maßnahmen an Querbauwerken mittels marktorientierter Instrumente kosteneffizient induziert werden können. Den konzeptionellen Kern der Arbeit bildet hierzu die Entwicklung und Evaluierung eines Kompensationsmechanismus auf Basis von Querverbauungsrechten, der im Hinblick auf die kommenden Bewirtschaftungszyklen der Richtlinie eine innovative Option für eine ökonomisch rationale Weiterentwicklung der gewässerschutzpolitischen Praxis bereit stellen kann.With the Water Framework Directive (WFD) European Water Policy established for the first time a comprehensive and ecosystem-based approach for the protection and use of water resources. To achieve the ecological objectives of the WFD the restoration of river connectivity for fish and other biota is a crucial element. However, in many rivers connectivity is impacted by barriers such as weirs and dams which are in turn essential for many human water uses like navigation, drinking water supply and hydropower generation.
However, more than fifteen years after the directive entering into force many conceptual issues remain unresolved. This applies as well to the economic planning and decision support that is requested by the directive to ensure a cost-effective implementation of measures as well as an overall balance of water protection and use.
In this dissertation, the author analyses in a first step the directive’s economic framework with respect to the allocation of barrier related environmental improvement measures. In a second step, the author investigates in more detail the potentials to allocate barrier related measures via market-based instruments. Therefore, he develops and evaluates a compensatory approach based on quantified and transferable barrier rights
Infrastrukturelle Wasserdienstleistungen? Mögliche Auswirkungen des Art. 9 der EGWasserrahmenrichtlinie auf die Stromerzeugung aus Wasserkraft
Get PDF
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
