1,724,092 research outputs found
Quantifying the role of disturbances and speeds on separated bicycle facilities
No full textAs cities aim to spur cycling, a key issue revolves around the location and quality of separated bicycle facilities. However, sometimes owing to impedances, these facilities fail to have the desired overall utility for cyclists. This study focuses on the role of non-stationary disturbances, i.e., the presence of users of other modes. The aim is to quantify the effects and frequencies of disturbances on off-street bicycle facilities (from other cyclists and pedestrians) and compare them to disturbances (from motorized vehicles) while cycling in mixed traffic. Using three segments in Bologna, Italy, we measured the frequency, type, and speed reduction attributed to different types of disturbances. We analyzed speed and likelihood of events to calculate a weighted average of the cyclists’ speed for separated bicycling facilities and on the roadway. For two of the segments, weighted speed reductions were minimal. However, in a third segment—one with considerably more disturbances—speed reductions were considerable: 20 percent for the separated facility and 40 percent for the mixed traffic. When married with cycling use patterns along the facilities, the notable speed reductions point to a possible trade-off cyclists make in choosing between different routes. The results help quantify relationships between cyclists and non-stationary disturbances; they also caution transport officials about possible unintended outcomes for separated bicycle facilities.Bernardi, Silvia; Krizek, Kevin J.; Rupi, Federico. (2016). Quantifying the role of disturbances and speeds on separated bicycle facilities. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.5198/jtlu.2015.715
Machine for Access
No full textLevinson, David M; Krizek, Kevin; Gillen, David. (2005). Machine for Access. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, https://hdl.handle.net/11299/179928
Accessibility Analysis and Transport Planning: An Introduction
No full textAccessibility is a concept that has become central to physical planning during the last fifty years and improving accessibility is a principal goal in transport planning and policy-making throughout the world. Batty (2009) traces the origins of the concept back to the 1920s where it was used in location theory and regional economic planning, becoming important once transport planning began, mainly in North America where it came to be associated with transport networks and trip distribution patterns. Its conceptual basis is even older. Accessibility, defined as the potential for interaction by Hansen (1959) in his classic paper ``How accessibility shapes land use'' is based on the notion of potential which dates back to the social physics school in the 19th century. In the past decades, accessibility has become a central concept in civil engineering, geography, spatial economics and other academic fields, and a myriad of accessibility concepts and measures have been developed and operationalized.
The book brings together new approaches in accessibility research and modelling with best practices in accessibility evaluations as a framework/tool to support integrated transport and land-use policy-making in Europe and the U.S
From the Editors
No full textThis article introduces the second issue of Journal of Transport and Land Use (vol. 1, no. 2).Levinson, David M.; Krizek, Kevin J.. (2008). From the Editors. Retrieved from the University Digital Conservancy, 10.5198/jtlu.v1i2.104
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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