370 research outputs found
The campaign for democratic socialism 1960-1964.
No full textPhDIn early 1960 it seemed likely that the official Labour
Party defence policy would be defeated by a unilateralist
resolution at the Scarborough Conference. In response to
this possibility the Campaign for Democratic Socialism,
or CDS, was established.
The CDS projected the image of a grass-roots movement
inspired by Gaitskell's "fight and fight again" speech.
But it was run by a Campaign Committee which included
leading members of the Party like Tony Crosland, Roy
Jenkins and Patrick Gordon Walker, as well as less well
known members like Bill Rodgers, Dick Taverne, Philip
Williams, Brian Walden, Denis Howell and David Marquand.
This highly talented group launched an elaborate and
successful lobbying, publicity and briefing operation
which was influential in overturning the unilateralist
vote at the Blackpool Conference of 1961. After Blackpool
the Campaign helped many of its leading members find
seats in the House of Commons while continuing to put the
"revisionist" case through its newspaper Campaign.
The importance of the CDS in the history of the Labour
Party is, primarily, as the first internal pressure group
organised by the right of the Party. It was also the
first internal Party group to use such sophisticated
lobbying techniques. Moreover, the subsequent careers of
the leading members of the Campaign influenced the
development of the Labour Party. The CDS was an important
formative political action for many of them. Finally many
of the CDS supporters set-up or joined the SDP when it
was launched
The pitfalls of using a child support schedule based on outdated data
No full textA strong rationale for updating child support guidelines arises from changes over time in the measurement of expenditures on children, as well as changes in the empirical relationship between expenditures on children and the income of parents. Such changes affect the accuracy of the numerics upon which states’ child support guidelines are based. This study evaluates an alternative child support guideline that was proposed for Virginia and draws lessons for other states that similarly base their guidelines on older survey data. Regression results show that over time, the child expenditure and household income relationship has changed considerably. Furthermore, the largest increases in expenditures attributable to children have occurred for lower- and middle-income households.Peer reviewe
Extracellular matrix of the human cyclic corpus luteum
No full text© The Author 2006Extracellular matrix regulates many cellular processes likely to be important for development and regression of corpora lutea. Therefore, we identified the types and components of the extracellular matrix of the human corpus luteum at different stages of the menstrual cycle. Two different types of extracellular matrix were identified by electron microscopy; subendothelial basal laminas and an interstitial matrix located as aggregates at irregular intervals between the non-vascular cells. No basal laminas were associated with luteal cells. At all stages, collagen type IV 1 and laminins 5, ß2 and 1 were localized by immunohistochemistry to subendothelial basal laminas, and collagen type IV 1 and laminins 2, 5, ß1 and ß2 localized in the interstitial matrix. Laminin 4 and ß1 chains occurred in the subendothelial basal lamina from mid-luteal stage to regression; at earlier stages, a punctate pattern of staining was observed. Therefore, human luteal subendothelial basal laminas potentially contain laminin 11 during early luteal development and, additionally, laminins 8, 9 and 10 at the mid-luteal phase. Laminin 1 and 3 chains were not detected in corpora lutea. Versican localized to the connective tissue extremities of the corpus luteum. Thus, during the formation of the human corpus luteum, remodelling of extracellular matrix does not result in basal laminas as present in the adrenal cortex or ovarian follicle. Instead, novel aggregates of interstitial matrix of collagen and laminin are deposited within the luteal parenchyma, and it remains to be seen whether this matrix is important for maintaining the luteal cell phenotype.Helen F. Irving-Rodgers, Barbro E. Friden, Stephanie E. Morris, Helen D. Mason, Mats Brannstrom, Kiyotoshi Sekiguchi, Noriko Sanzen, Lydia M. Sorokin, Yoshikazu Sado, Yoshifumi Ninomiya, and Raymond J. Rodger
Complex scale-free networks with tunable power-law exponent and clustering
No full textThis article is made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund. It is distributed under a Creative Commons License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/). Copyright @ 2013 Elsevier B.V.We introduce a network evolution process motivated by the network of citations in the scientific literature. In each iteration of the process a node is born and directed links are created from the new node to a set of target nodes already in the network. This set includes mm “ambassador” nodes and ll of each ambassador’s descendants where mm and ll are random variables selected from any choice of distributions plpl and qmqm. The process mimics the tendency of authors to cite varying numbers of papers included in the bibliographies of the other papers they cite. We show that the degree distributions of the networks generated after a large number of iterations are scale-free and derive an expression for the power-law exponent. In a particular case of the model where the number of ambassadors is always the constant mm and the number of selected descendants from each ambassador is the constant ll, the power-law exponent is (2l+1)/l(2l+1)/l. For this example we derive expressions for the degree distribution and clustering coefficient in terms of ll and mm. We conclude that the proposed model can be tuned to have the same power law exponent and clustering coefficient of a broad range of the scale-free distributions that have been studied empirically.EPSR
Hyperfine splitting of [Al VI] 3.66 mu m and the Al isotopic ratio in NGC 6302
No full textThe core of planetary nebula NGC 6302 is filled with high-excitation photoionized gas at low expansion velocities. It represents a unique astrophysical situation in which to search for hyperfine structure (HFS) in coronal emission lines from highly ionized species. HFS is otherwise blended by thermal or velocity broadening. Spectra containing [Al vr] 3.66 mu m P-3(2) <- P-3(1), obtained with Phoenix on Gemini South at resolving powers of up to 75000, resolve the line into five hyperfine components separated by 20-60 km s(-1) as a result of the coupling of the I = 5/2 nuclear spin of Al-27 with the total electronic angular momentum J. The isotope Al-26 has a different nuclear spin of I = 5, and a different HFS, which allows us to place a 3 sigma upper limit on the Al-26/Al-27 abundance ratio of 1/33. We measure the HFS magnetic dipole coupling constants for [Al vr], and provide the first estimates of the electric quadrupole HFS coupling constants obtained through astronomical observations of an atomic transition
Structure and dynamics of evolving complex networks
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and awarded by Brunel UniversityThe analysis of large disordered complex networks has recently received enormous attention motivated by both academic and commercial interest. The most important results in this discipline have come from the analysis of stochastic models which mimic the growth and evolution of real networks as they change over time. The purpose of this thesis is to introduce various novel processes which dictate the development of a network on a small scale, and use techniques learned from statistical physics to derive the dynamical and structural properties of the network on the macroscopic scale. We introduce each model as a set of mechanisms determining how a network changes over a small period in time, from these rules we derive several topological
properties of the network after many iterations, most notably the degree distribution. 1. In the rst mechanism, nodes are introduced and linked to older nodes in the network in such a way as to create triangles and maintain a high level of clustering. The mechanism resembles the growth of a citation network and we demonstrate analytically that the mechanism introduced su ces to explain the power-law form commonly found in citation distributions. 2. The second mechanism involves edge rewiring processes - detaching one end of an edge and reattaching it, either to a random node anywhere in the network or to one selected locally. 3. We analyse a variety of processes based around a novel fragmentation mechanism. 4. The nal model concerns the problem of nding the electrical resistance across a network. The network grows as a random tree, as it grows the distribution of resistance converges towards a steady state solution. We nd an application of the relatively recent concept of a random Fibonacci sequence in deriving the rate of convergence of the mean.EPSR
The Role of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Anxiety Disorders: a possible therapeutic target
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a rising public health concern, with approximately 1.7 million people in the United States alone sustaining a TBI each year (Vaishnavi et al., 2009; Faul, 2010). In addition to the physical, cognitive and behavioral impairments, the long-term consequences of TBI include increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent (Rao and Lyketsos, 2000; Moore et al., 2006; Vaishnavi et al., 2009). In spite of increasing evidence that anxiety disorders are elevated following TBI, very little is known about the etiology of post-traumatic anxiety. Chronic neuroinflammation is now thought to contribute to the development of post-traumatic anxiety, the primary injury initiates complex cascades that can lead to secondary injury and worsened functional outcomes. These secondary cascades may contribute to the dysfunction of brain regions and neurotransmitter systems associated with anxiety following TBI. New evidence supports this hypothesis, including peripheral elevations of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (Spivak et al., 1997; Tucker et al., 2004; von Kanel et al., 2007; Hoge et al., 2009) and anxiety-like behavior (Connor et al., 1998; Cragnolini et al., 2006; Sokolova et al., 2007; Zubareva and Klimenko, 2009) when these cytokines are administered in rats. The goal of this thesis is to better understand the role of neuroinflammation in post-traumatic anxiety. The development of post-traumatic anxiety involves a number of complex molecular, cellular, neurochemical and physiological changes, and better understanding of these processes will be needed for successful treatment strategies in this population
The Role of Neuroinflammation in Traumatic Brain Injury-Induced Anxiety Disorders: a possible therapeutic target
No full textTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a rising public health concern, with approximately 1.7 million people in the United States alone sustaining a TBI each year (Vaishnavi et al., 2009; Faul, 2010). In addition to the physical, cognitive and behavioral impairments, the long-term consequences of TBI include increased risk of neuropsychiatric disorders, and anxiety disorders are among the most prevalent (Rao and Lyketsos, 2000; Moore et al., 2006; Vaishnavi et al., 2009). In spite of increasing evidence that anxiety disorders are elevated following TBI, very little is known about the etiology of post-traumatic anxiety. Chronic neuroinflammation is now thought to contribute to the development of post-traumatic anxiety, the primary injury initiates complex cascades that can lead to secondary injury and worsened functional outcomes. These secondary cascades may contribute to the dysfunction of brain regions and neurotransmitter systems associated with anxiety following TBI. New evidence supports this hypothesis, including peripheral elevations of proinflammatory cytokines in patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and panic disorder (Spivak et al., 1997; Tucker et al., 2004; von Kanel et al., 2007; Hoge et al., 2009) and anxiety-like behavior (Connor et al., 1998; Cragnolini et al., 2006; Sokolova et al., 2007; Zubareva and Klimenko, 2009) when these cytokines are administered in rats. The goal of this thesis is to better understand the role of neuroinflammation in post-traumatic anxiety. The development of post-traumatic anxiety involves a number of complex molecular, cellular, neurochemical and physiological changes, and better understanding of these processes will be needed for successful treatment strategies in this population
The invisible artist: Arrangers in popular music (1950-2000): Their contribution and techniques
No full textThis thesis was submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy and was awarded by Brunel University.This thesis is based on the research conducted by the author for the series,
Richard Niles' History of Pop Arranging, seven thirty-minute documentary
programmes for BBC Radio 2, researched, written and presented by the author and
broadcast in 2003. It also draws on interviews conducted by the author (and other
research) between 2002 and 2007 both for the radio series and for this thesis and on
the author's experience as a professional arranger in popular music working with
many of the genre's significant recording artists including Paul McCartney, Ray
Charles, Cher, Tina Turner, Westlife, Tears For Fears, Dusty Springfield, James
Brown, Pet Shop Boys, Kylie Minogue and producers including Trevor Hom, Steve
Lipson, Steve Mac and Steve Anderson.
It will be argued that the role of the arranger in popular music has often been
undervalued and that during a critical period of popular music history (1950-2000)
arrangers played a significant part in the evolution of musical content. This thesis is,
to the best of the author's knowledge, the first time (apart from the above mentioned
documentary) the subject has ever been examined. The arranger is "invisible" because musical arrangers are often un-credited on
record liner notes or in books or articles concerning popular music. A considerable
amount of research has been necessary to determine who wrote many of the
arrangements considered herein. Motown's Berry Gordy purposely kept the names of
musicians and arrangers off the records because he feared others might 'poach' the
trademark 'Motown Sound'. Other record labels considered the job of the arranger to
be reminiscent of an earlier era, diluting the Rock 'n' Roll image of emotion and
spontanaeity they wished to promote. Some producers and recording artists disliked
sharing credit for their work. Motown arranger David Van dePitte told the author that
arranging was "thankless and anonymous - a very service-oriented profession where
others often take credit for what you've done." Arranging has therefore remained an
intrinsically unseen art created by 'invisible' artists. By analyzing many recordings,
revealing the techniques and concepts they have used in their work to create popular
records, arrangers and their art will be made more 'visible'
Determinants of exercise intention and behavior in survivors of breast and prostate cancer: an application of the theory of planned behavior
No full textThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the theory of planned behavior as a framework for understanding exercise intention and behavior in survivors of breast and prostate cancer. Participants were 83 survivors of breast and 46 survivors of prostate cancer who were diagnosed within the previous 4 years and had completed treatment. Each participant completed a mailed self-administered questionnaire that assessed exercise during the previous week, demographic and medical variables, and the theory of planned behavior. For survivors of breast cancer, regression analyses indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 45% of the variance in exercise intention with attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control each uniquely contributing to intention. Furthermore, exercise intention explained 30% of the variance in exercise behavior; however, perceived behavioral control added no unique variance. For survivors of prostate cancer, attitudes, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control explained 36% of the variance in exercise intention, but only perceived behavioral control made a significant unique contribution. Furthermore, intention explained 36% of the variance in exercise behavior; however, perceived behavioral control added no unique variance. Results suggest that nurses may use the theory of planned behavior as a model for understanding the determinants of exercise intentions and behavior in survivors of breast and prostate cancer.Source type: Prin
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