128,947 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Time-consistent renewable resource management with present bias and regime shifts
No full textWe investigate the extraction plan of present-biased decision makers managing a renewable resource stock whose growth is uncertain and which could undergo a rapid and significant change when stock falls below a threshold. We show that the Markov-Nash equilibrium extraction policy is unique, time consistent, and increasing in resource stock. An increase in the threshold leads to increased resource extraction, rather than the precautionary reduction in extraction often observed with exponential discounting. An increase in the degree of present bias also leads to an increase in resource extraction. Our analysis suggests that accounting for and appropriately dealing with resource managers’ present bias may be important to understand resource use sustainability
Pragmatic Case Studies as a Source of Unity in Applied Psychology
No full textTo unify or not to unify applied psychology: that is the question. In this article we review pendulum swings in the historical efforts to answer this question—from a comprehensive, positivist, “top-down,” deductive yes between the 1930s and the early 60s, to a postmodern no since then. A rationale and proposal for a limited, “bottom-up,” inductive yes in applied psychology is then presented, employing a case-based paradigm that integrates both positivist and postmodern themes and components. This paradigm is labeled “pragmatic psychology” and, its specific use of case studies, the “Pragmatic Case Study Method” (“PCS Method”). We call for the creation of peer-reviewed journal-databases of pragmatic case studies as a foundational source of unifying applied knowledge in our discipline. As one example, the potential of the PCS Method for unifying different angles of theoretical regard is illustrated in an area of applied psychology, psychotherapy, via the case of Mrs. B. The article then turns to the broader historical and epistemological arguments for the unifying nature of the PCS Method in both applied and basic psychology.Peer reviewe
Space-time structure of extreme precipitation in Europe over the last century
No full textWe investigate the space-time structure of extreme precipitation in Europe over the last century, using daily rainfall data from the European Climate Assessment & Dataset (ECA&D) archive. The database includes 267 stations with records longer than 100 years. In the winter season (October to March), for each station, two classes of daily rainfall amount values are selected that, respectively, exceed the 90th and 95th percentile of daily rainfall amount over all the 100 years. For each class, and at each location, an annual time series of the frequency of exceedance and of the total precipitation, defined respectively as the number of days the rainfall threshold (90th and 95th percentiles) is exceeded and total precipitation on days when the percentile is exceeded, are developed. Space-time structure of the frequency and total precipitation time series at the different locations are then pursued using multivariate time and frequency domain methods. The identified key trends and organized spectral modes are linked to well-known climate indices, as North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The spectra of the leading principal component of frequency of exceedance and of total precipitation have a peak with a 5-year period that is significant at the 5% level. These are also significantly correlated with ENSO series with this period. The spectrum of total rainfall is significant at the 10% level with a period of ∼8years. This appears to be significantly correlated to the NAO index at this period. Thus, a decomposition of both secular trends and quasi-periodic behaviour in extreme daily rainfall is provided. © 2014 Royal Meteorological Society
Dr. Edwin Wright Collection: Author Unknown
No full textNotes - The author relates several short stories about his neighbours including Alex McDonell, homesteading and life around Meanook and Athabasca (1 page
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
SPACE-TIME STRUCTURE OF EXTREME PRECIPITATION IN EUROPE OVER THE LAST CENTURY: A CLIMATE PERSPECTIVE
No full textWe analyze over a century of continuous rainfall data available from the ECA&D archive for spatio-temporal trends in extreme precipitation. The database includes 267 stations with records longer than 100 years. For each station, we identify daily rainfall events in the winter 6 months (Oct-Mar) that exceed the 90th and 95th percentile of daily rainfall. An annual time series of the frequency of such events is created, as well as an annual time series of the total precipitation above the threshold in these events. Space and time analyses of the variation of the frequency and intensity time series are then pursued using both multivariate time and frequency domain methods and principal component analysis (PCA). The key trends and organized spectral modes identified are related to potential anthropogenic change and to well established climate indices (e.g., NAO, EAWR and SL). The analysis shows that there is compelling evidence for statistically significant trends for increasing frequency and intensity of exceedance of daily rainfall extremes in the Oct-Mar season over North and Western Europe, where the highest station density is located. From a Principal Component Analysis and from a MTM-SVD analysis, these trends are seen to be spatially coherent. Furthermore, the influence of NAO and ENSO is seen through the significance of the frequency spectra of the associated climate indices and the leading PC of each series analyzed. The ENSO connection is prominent at a frequency of ∼ 0.2 cycles/year, and for NAO at a frequency of ∼ 0.15 cycles/year
Space-time structure of extreme precipitation in Europe over the last century: a climate perspective
No full textHistorical observations show a significant change of globe temperature distribution as
a consequence of global warming. In the midlatitude , and specifically in Europe, annual
and seasonal changes of the midlatitude climate driving variables as EPG ( equator
pole gradient) and OLC ( ocean land contrast ) were recorded, show significant
trends, as shown in fig.1 and 2 .
As a consequence of these changes a spatio-temporal trends in extreme precipitation
in Europe is expected.
We analyze over a century of continuous rainfall data available from the ECA&D archive
for spatio-temporal trends in extreme precipitation.
The data base includes 515 stations with records longer than 100 years. For each station,
we identify daily rainfall events in the winter 6 months (Oct-Mar) that exceed
the 99th percentile of daily rainfall. An annual time series of the frequency of such
events is created, as well as an annual time series of the average daily rainfall in these
events. Space and time analyses of the variation of the frequency and intensity time
series are then pursued using multivariate time and frequency domain (multi-taper
method) methods.
The key trends and organized spectral modes identified can be related to potential
anthropogenic change and to well established climate indices (e.g., NAO, EAWR and
SL). The simultaneous analysis of monotonic trends over the secular period and quasi
-oscillatory phenomena is informative as to the attribution of changes in extreme precipitation
over the region
Unusual gastric submucosal perforation following multiple magnetic bead ingestion in an infant
No full textIntroduction: Magnetic beads are hazardous, having potentially lethal consequences if ingested. Case Report: A two-year-old girl, presented to the pediatric emergency department with an history of worsening abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. The patient appeared in moderate distress. Physical examination revealed abdominal tenderness with guarding and rigidity. On abdominal X-ray examination, nine opaque foreign bodies (magnetic beads) were seen in the left hypochondrium. Explorative gastroscopy was performed and two magnets appeared at the lessure curvature, but not the reaming seven. These were pulled out and another gastroscopic attempt showed appearance of another two of the remaining ones. Removing these, the remaining ve were all attached as seen on the X-ray. The magnets must have caused pressure necrosis on a gastric mucosa fold with subsequent limited submucosal perforation making a pouch was the spheres were logged.
Conclusion: The ingestion of multiple magnets may require urgent surgical intervention and early removal because of very high risk of gastrointestinal perforation
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