14 research outputs found
Transgressive femininity: gender in the Scandinavian Modern Breakthrough
No full textThis PhD thesis deals with how new discourses on femininity and gender developed in
Scandinavian literature during the Modern Breakthrough, 1880-1909. Political,
economic and demographic changes in the Scandinavian societies put pressures on the
existing, conventional gender roles, which literature reflects; however, literature also
created and introduced new discourses on gender.
The main focus has been on transgressive female characters in Danish, Swedish
and Norwegian novels, which I have seen as indicators of emerging new forms of
femininity. The study shows how the transgression of gender boundaries is used in the
novels, when presenting their views on what femininity is, should be or could be. In
addition to analysing the textual strategies in the representation of these ‘deviant’
literary characters, I have examined how the relevant texts were received by critics and
reviewers at the time, as reviews are in themselves discursive constructs.
The theoretical basis of this study has mainly been Michel Foucault’s discourse
theory, Judith Butler’s theory of performativity and Yvonne Hirdman’s theory of
gender binarism. I have also used concepts from several (mainly Anglo-American and
Scandinavian) literary gender theorists and historians in the analyses.
The four novels analysed in this study are as follows: 1) Danish author Herman
Bang’s early decadence novel Haabløse Slægter (1880), where I use a queer theory
perspective. 2) Norwegian author Ragnhild Jølsen’s Rikka Gan (1904), where the
strong elements of pre-psychoanalysis are analysed. 3) Swedish author August
Strindberg’s Le Plaidoyer d’un fou (1887-88), where I make a narratological
examination of the narrative voice from a gender perspective. 4) Swedish author Annie
Quiding’s Fru Fanny (1904), analysed as an example of ‘negative’ New Woman
literature.
The thesis shows how literature of the time represented and introduced new forms
of femininity, often in the form of ambiguous female characters, and often to the
disapproval of the critics. It also shows that gender discourses were much alike within
Scandinavia. Furthermore, my study lays bare the skeleton of normative Breakthrough femininity, what can be called the dominant discourse on femininity at the time: a nonexisting
sexual desire, feminine immobility/containment in the home and an imperative,
self-sacrificing motherliness
Perubahan Paradigma Orangtua Dalam Kesadaran Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini
No full textTujuan pengabdian masyarahat ini adalah untuk membantu meningkatkan kesadaran penduduk yang masih kurang peduli akan pendidikan anak di usia dini dan membantu para tenaga pengajar dalam mengolah administrasi di PAUD Melati. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu dengan melakukan studi lapangan. Studi lapangan yang dilakukan dengan melalui data observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi serta studi kepustakaan untuk mendukung permasalahan yang diteliti oleh penulis. Metode pengabdian masyarakat yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif yang hasil penelitiannya berupa narasi atau teks. Dan dari hasil pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan oleh penulis kesadaran penduduk di RW 02 dan orang tua murid di PAUD Melati ini sangat kurang. Dan masih butuhnya bimbingan tenaga pengajar dibidang administrasi. Sehingga dengan adanya parenting seminar yang menargetkan para penduduk di RW02 dan orang tua murid di PAUD Melati serta pelatihan guru PAUD menjadi solusi untuk kemajuan dan perkembangan anak serta PAUD Melati di RW 02 yang berada didaerah Kenjeran. Kata Kunci : Kesadaran pendidikan anak usia dini, pelatihan administrasi, parenting seminar
Cicero´s Concept of Law in His Treatise on Laws
Get PDFV magistrski nalogi obravnavam koncept prava, kakršen je razviden iz pravno-filozofskega spisa O zakonih slovitega rimskega pravnika, politika in govornika Marka Tulija Cicerona. Umeščen je v enodnevni pogovor med piscem, ki je hkrati glavni govorec, njegovim bratom Kvintom ter tesnim prijateljem Atikom. Tekom treh knjig, iz katerih sestoji do danes ohranjeni tekst, Cicero poskuša zasnovati idealne zakone, ki bi ustrezali prav tako idealnemu (mešanemu) tipu državne ureditve, razčlenjene v njegovem predhodnem delu O državi.
Vse dele spisa preveva eklektičen pristop do doktrinarnih dognanj starogrških filozofskih šol, zlasti stoiške, ter z njo povezane doktrine naravnega prava. Skladno s tem je prva knjiga pravzaprav preambula, ki ima vlogo temeljnih načel ali bolje rečeno vodil, ki so sicer objektivno nezavezujoča, a hkrati najpomembnejša za uresničitev človekovega smisla. V drugi knjigi je močno poudarjeno zavedanje o vseprisotnosti boga kot sodnika, ki utrjuje sporočilo preambule, ter o pomenu že uveljavljenih običajev in predpisov pri snovanju konkretnih zakonov, ki urejajo religiozne aspekte rimskega življenja. Vloga tradicije je izpostavljena tudi v utemeljitvi ureditve državne oblasti v tretji knjigi. Tu pa Cicero apelira neposredno na najvplivnejše člane družbe – aristokrate, rekoč, da je njihovo intimno upoštevanje danih pravil, in posledični zunanji izraz tega ponotranjenja, ključen za to, da pravila razumejo vsi podrejeni, nenazadnje pa tudi za obstanek republike, ki naj ji takšni (z naravo skladni) zakoni vladajo.
Bralec mora splošne predpise neprestano vrednotiti skozi perspektivo človeka, ki stremi k dosegu kreposti kot izpopolnjenega razuma, lastnega naravi. Pri tem pa skozi spis spoznamo, da cilj še ni dosežen s krepostjo, temveč šele, ko to vrlino udejanjimo v dobro družbe. Enako kot Cicero pravo, pravičnost in razum pripisuje vsem ljudem, pa si od vseh želi tudi javnega udejstvovanja zavoljo obstoja idealne skupnosti.In the following thesis, I will discuss the concept of law, as laid down by the renowned roman lawyer, orator and politician Marcus Tullius Cicero in his legal and philosophical treatise On Laws. The dialogue of the essay takes place in a single day, following the discussion between the author – the principle speaker –, his brother Quintus and his closest friend Atticus. During the course of three books, Cicero tries to form a set of laws that corresponds to the ideal (mixed) form of government, advocated for in his previous work On the Commonwealth.
All three remaining parts of the text are permeated by Cicero´s eclectical approach to the doctrinal asertments of the helenistic philosophical schools, particularly the stoic school of taught and its theory on natural law. With regard to the latter, the first book serves as a preamble to the laws, setting forth the fundamental principles, which are, although objectively not binding, crucial for achieving the purpose of human existence. In the second book, Cicero emphasizes the importance of being aware of the omnipresence of God as judge, thus consolidating the message of the preamble. He also stresses the need of forming religious laws with regard to the already enacted laws and traditions of Roman ancestors. Tradition further plays an important role in the provisions on magistrates in the third book. In this part, Cicero appeals directly to the most influential persons of roman society – the aristocrats, claiming that their intimate and subsequent outwardly expressed obedience to the imposed laws is key to correct implementation of the provisions among all people, and as result, for the preservation of the republic, which is to be governed by such laws.
The reader is constantly summoned to evaluate these general provisions from the perspective of one, seeking to achieve virtue or perfected reason, implanted in nature. However, as the extant text shows, the “goal of life” is not yet attained by becoming virtuous, but only when virtue is used for purposive action. And in the same way as Cicero asserts that all people have law, justice and reason in common, he calls on all, to publically engage in preserving the ideal community
Erratum: TAp73 regulates the spindle assembly checkpoint by modulating BubR1 activity (Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (2009) 106 (797–802) DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0812096106)
No full textThe authors note that the author name Alessandro Ruffini should instead appear as Alessandro Rufini. The corrected author line appears below. The online version has been corrected.link_to_OA_fulltex
The Queen's Men on tour: provincial performance in vernacular spaces in early modern England
Get PDFThe ongoing work lead by the Records of Early English Drama project into evidence for drama in England before the closing of the London theatres in 1642 has by now shown that visits to provincial towns, and performances in the spaces made available there, represented common practice for Elizabethan acting companies. The pivotal study made by Scott McMillin and Sally-Beth MacLean, The Queen’s Men and their Plays (1998), demonstrated the potential for tracking the career and plays of one particular company, while the Shakespeare and the Queen’s Men project in Canada showed the merits of exploring the Queen’s Men’s repertory in performance. However, until now such research has been conducted without fully considering the buildings in which such plays were once performed. The specific material, social and political conditions a venue and its occupants imposed on a visiting company had direct consequences for their performances, and it is only by situating performance within extant spaces that we can begin to realise the full potential of McMillin and MacLean’s research. However, until now the methodologies to do so had not been developed. This thesis shows that by combining archaeological and theatre historical research we can better understand the nature of provincial performance, and offers strategies for the exploration of early modern texts in performance in provincial venues
Perilipin 5 is protective in the ischemic heart
No full textAbstractBackgroundMyocardial ischemia is associated with alterations in cardiac metabolism, resulting in decreased fatty acid oxidation and increased lipid accumulation. Here we investigate how myocardial lipid content and dynamics affect the function of the ischemic heart, and focus on the role of the lipid droplet protein perilipin 5 (Plin5) in the pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia.Methods and resultsWe generated Plin5−/− mice and found that Plin5 deficiency dramatically reduced the triglyceride content in the heart. Under normal conditions, Plin5−/− mice maintained a close to normal heart function by decreasing fatty acid uptake and increasing glucose uptake, thus preserving the energy balance. However, during stress or myocardial ischemia, Plin5 deficiency resulted in myocardial reduced substrate availability, severely reduced heart function and increased mortality. Importantly, analysis of a human cohort with suspected coronary artery disease showed that a common noncoding polymorphism, rs884164, decreases the cardiac expression of PLIN5 and is associated with reduced heart function following myocardial ischemia, indicating a role for Plin5 in cardiac dysfunction.ConclusionOur findings indicate that Plin5 deficiency alters cardiac lipid metabolism and associates with reduced survival following myocardial ischemia, suggesting that Plin5 plays a beneficial role in the heart following ischemia
Dual origins of dairy cattle farming--evidence from a comprehensive survey of European Y-chromosomal variation
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Diversity patterns of livestock species are informative to the history of agriculture and indicate uniqueness of breeds as relevant for conservation. So far, most studies on cattle have focused on mitochondrial and autosomal DNA variation. Previous studies of Y-chromosomal variation, with limited breed panels, identified two Bos taurus (taurine) haplogroups (Y1 and Y2; both composed of several haplotypes) and one Bos indicus (indicine/zebu) haplogroup (Y3), as well as a strong phylogeographic structuring of paternal lineages. METHODOLOGY AND PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Haplogroup data were collected for 2087 animals from 138 breeds. For 111 breeds, these were resolved further by genotyping microsatellites INRA189 (10 alleles) and BM861 (2 alleles). European cattle carry exclusively taurine haplotypes, with the zebu Y-chromosomes having appreciable frequencies in Southwest Asian populations. Y1 is predominant in northern and north-western Europe, but is also observed in several Iberian breeds, as well as in Southwest Asia. A single Y1 haplotype is predominant in north-central Europe and a single Y2 haplotype in central Europe. In contrast, we found both Y1 and Y2 haplotypes in Britain, the Nordic region and Russia, with the highest Y-chromosomal diversity seen in the Iberian Peninsula. CONCLUSIONS: We propose that the homogeneous Y1 and Y2 regions reflect founder effects associated with the development and expansion of two groups of dairy cattle, the pied or red breeds from the North Sea and Baltic coasts and the spotted, yellow or brown breeds from Switzerland, respectively. The present Y1-Y2 contrast in central Europe coincides with historic, linguistic, religious and cultural boundaries.
Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers
No full textThe subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented. © 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.</p
Ecosystem change and stability over multiple decades in the Swedish subarctic: complex processes and multiple drivers
No full textThe subarctic environment of northernmost Sweden has changed over the past century, particularly elements of climate and cryosphere. This paper presents a unique geo-referenced record of environmental and ecosystem observations from the area since 1913. Abiotic changes have been substantial. Vegetation changes include not only increases in growth and range extension but also counterintuitive decreases, and stability: all three possible responses. Changes in species composition within the major plant communities have ranged between almost no changes to almost a 50 per cent increase in the number of species. Changes in plant species abundance also vary with particularly large increases in trees and shrubs (up to 600). There has been an increase in abundance of aspen and large changes in other plant communities responding to wetland area increases resulting from permafrost thaw. Populations of herbivores have responded to varying management practices and climate regimes, particularly changing snow conditions. While it is difficult to generalize and scale-up the site-specific changes in ecosystems, this very site-specificity, combined with projections of change, is of immediate relevance to local stakeholders who need to adapt to new opportunities and to respond to challenges. Furthermore, the relatively small area and its unique datasets are a microcosm of the complexity of Arctic landscapes in transition that remains to be documented. © 2013 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.</p
Shakespeare in purgatory : a study of the Catholicising movement in Shakespeare biography
Get PDFThe twentieth and the twenty-first centuries have Catholicised Shakespeare. At the
heart of this movement lie the so-called Lancastrian theories: that Shakespeare spent
some time during his `lost years' in Lancashire and that he is to be identified with
`Will[i]am Shakeshafte' in the will of the Catholic magnate, Alexander Hoghton of
Lea. Although the proponents of the theories - aptly called `Lancastrians' - agree in
terms of the identification of `Shakeshafte' with Shakespeare, their arguments vary
and sometimes even contradict each other. We have, therefore, Lancastrian theories
(plural). They are attempts to investigate the whereabouts of Shakespeare during the
`lost years' and to find out the means by which he entered the London theatre.
The Lancastrian theories can be seen in part as a counter-movement against
recent Shakespeare scholarship that has been preoccupied with theory. Paradoxically,
another stimulus for the revival of biographical studies is literary critics' interest in
early modem history, which materialist criticism, especially new historicism, has
brought in since the 1980s. Religion has become a major issue in Shakespeare studies.
The modem historiography of the English Reformation, especially `revisionism',
which emphasises the continuation of medieval Catholicism after the Reformation,
has provided significant energy for the development of the Lancastrian theories.
Furthermore, the Lancastrians have their own agenda - personal ambitions and
motivations, some of which are not altogether scholarly.
However, these theories are for the most part based on a chain of speculations,
and tend to state them as fact. The biographers, whether Lancastrians or not, who
believe Shakespeare and his family to have been Catholics are unfamiliar with the
religious condition in Elizabethan England, including anti-Catholic acts and the
penalties imposed on recusants. Their arguments also neglect other Elizabethan
customs. These biographers' lack of profound knowledge of socio-political and
religious history of Elizabethan England has produced inaccurate dramatisation of
Shakespeare's life. One other disabling tendency among these biographers is to
neglect negative evidence and disregard alternative interpretations. Their approaches
to Shakespeare biography simplify the complexity of documentary evidence and
produce narrowness of view.
In Elizabethan England a series of continuous religious negotiations and
renegotiations took place. Through this struggle, the clear-cut division between
Catholicism and Protestantism was deconstructed, and there emerged `religious
pluralism' -a compromise between Catholicism and Protestantism. It was in this
complex matrix that Shakespeare was born, grew up and wrote plays and poems. It is
against this cultural background that we should study Shakespeare's life (or lives)
