18 research outputs found
La problématique du Numérus Clausus à la FMOS/FAPH de l'USTTB au Mali
No full textIntrodiction : Le numérus clausus veut dire en latin « nombre fermé ». Cela veut dire donc en médecine qu'il n'y aura qu'un nombre restreint de personnes qui auront accès à la deuxième année de médecine ou deuxième année d' odontostomatologie ou deuxième année de pharmacie. Généralité : Au Mali, le quota est fixé en fonction du nombre de professeurs ou enseignants de rang A et du nombre de lits dans les hôpitaux. Selon l'arrêté ministériel de2003, le quota est de cinq (5) étudiants par enseignant de rang A en médecine, en pharmacie et 15 en odontostomatologie et le Mali est le seul pays en Afrique à appliquer le Numerus Claususau bout d'une année universitaire de concours (2). Résultat : Le ratio étudiant par enseignant de rang A est de 49 pour la FMOS et de 52 pour la FAPH, l'UNESCO qui préconise 30 étudiants par enseignantL'effectif des étudiants de la FMOS de 2017 est plus élevé que celle de 2003 avec un écart de 455 étudiants.L'effectif des étudiants de la FAPH de 2017 est plus élevé que celle de 2003 avec un écart de 710 étudiants.Le budget lié à la santé de 2017 est le doublet de 2003, qui est de 14,8 p.100 contre 7 p.100 .Sur472 étudiants ayant participé à notre étude,81,1 p.100 sont desrecalés, 29 p.100 sont d'accord que le numerus est pertinent,95,1 p.100 sont des étudiants de nationalité malienne,85,8 p.100 n'ont pas fait une autre étude parallèlement à la FMOS/FAPH de l'USTTB, 74,4 p.100 ont un soutien financier des parents,59,5 p.100 des ont une bourse entière,35 p.100 des étudiants avaient obtenu leur baccalauréat à 18 ans,dans 39,9 p.100 des recalés ne faisaient rien. Conclusion :Au terme de notre étude et au vue du changement de formation des médecins et des pharmaciens au Mali par l'instauration des facultés de médecine et de pharmacie privées, la pertinence et l'efficacité du Numérus Clausus à la FMOS/FAPH de l'USTTB au Mali sont questionnables
Écrire l’Islam en bambara. Lieux, réseaux et enjeux de l’entreprise d’al-Hâjj Modibo Diarra
No full textAl-Hâjj Modibo Diarra, nouvel acteur du paysage religieux malien, publie régulièrement, depuis 1987, des ouvrages de vulgarisation islamique en langue bambara, comportant aussi des traductions de l’arabe (extraits coraniques inclus). Son initiative relie les langues, les formes de communication orales et écrites, les savoirs et les réseaux dans l’islam ouest-africain. Les librairies bamakoises les distribuent en même temps que le village de l’auteur demeure le centre de sa production. Le milieu des librairies urbaines sert de relais à un phénomène qui reste pourtant essentiellement rural, tant par ses origines que par sa destination. Le parcours biographique de l’auteur/traducteur est à cet égard emblématique. Cette production imprimée islamique en bambara reconfigure les pratiques et les savoirs islamiques.Al-Hajj Modibo Diarra, a new actor of the Malian religious landscape, since 1987 has been publishing several booklets popularizing Islamic doctrine in Bambara language. These also contain translations from Arabic (including excerpts from the Qur’an). This initiative ties relationships between languages, oral and written forms of communication, genres of knowledge, and networks in West African, especially Malian, Islam. The Islamic bookshops in Bamako serve as places of publication and circulation while the village where the writer lives is including the actual writing of these works. The milieu of urban Islamic bookshops proves to work as a link for a phenomenon which remains, though, fundamentally rural, both in its origins and in its target. However, this very phenomenon must also be understood as a result of the growing integration of a milieu so far considered impervious into different kinds of networks that go beyond a merely local setting: the author/translator’s biography considered here is a case in point. The impact of this Bambara Islamic literature is discussed, alongside its implications upon local representations and reconfigurations of Islamic knowledge
A contemporary Malian Shaykh: Al-Hajj Shaykh Sidy Modibo Kane Diallo, the religious leader of Dilly
No full text
Recent studies have pointed to the relationships between marabouts and power in West Africa. The present author argues that these studies should be broadened to include marabouts not necessarily linked directly to particular regimes, but whose reputations and widespread popularity put them in a complex relationship to power. He presents a biographical note on the most influential marabouts in present-day Mali, Sidy Modibo Kane Diallo, born in 1925 in the town of Dilly, in the cercle of Nara which was then the French Sudan. In 1974 he became the official 'khalifa' of the Kane Diallo family. Today his reputation rests in large part on his efforts to spread Islam in Mali, particularly among the Bambara of Beledugu and Kaarta. Other factors which have served to enhance Sidy's reputation include the yearly 'ziyara' in Dilly and his role as a 'khalifa' of the Quadiriyya brotherhood. His circulation within Mali has been subject to authorization by the Malian State. Wherever he travels, he is received with great fanfare not only by villagers but also by representatives of the State who shower him with gifts and solicit him for blessings. The State cannot fail to recognize the potential benefits of its association with Sidy, and at times seems to act to exploit his influence, although he is not closely linked to the Traor‚ regime. Notes, refASC – Publicaties niet-programma gebonde
Synthetic SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV), MERS-CoV and SARSr-CoV vaccine : A comparative computational analysis to propose candidate epitopes
No full textBackground: Coronaviruses are normally specific to an animal taxon as host, mammals or birds depending on their species; however, these viruses can sometimes change host as a result of mutation. The HCoV-229E is one of six human coronaviruses that include HCoV-NL63, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-HKU1, MERS-CoV and SARSr-CoV (SARSr-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV2) and is distributed globally. MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 could persist on inanimate surface like (metal, glass or plastic for up to nine days) (Huang, C.-L, 2020). Preventive measures and drug treatment with hydrochloroquine are useful, but a good effective vaccine may be needed to stop propagation of the covid-19 pandemic. The aim of our study was to identifiy vaccine candidate epitopes by bioinformatics approaches.
Materials and Method: The complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 were obtained from 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR) and two databases, including the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) and TAURAU/T-bio-infoserver for online bioinformatics. we will provide a brief review of viral origin, compare the sequencing data for conserved region identification, his commonest protein domain( target binding site) and consensus motif design for an potential candidate molecule (epitope) prurposition for treatment strategies for the newly identified 2019-nCoV , SARSr-CoV strain and MERS-CoV.
Results: Interestingly, sequence comparison between SARS-CoV-2 and another strain revealed that the residues present in the receptor-interacting motive are highly conserved with 70 % identity. we funded five important amino acids ( L455, Y473, N479, F486, Q493) on the receptor binding domain from spike proteins responsible of contact between virus and horst . In the SARS-CoV_ RBD are present residues (D480, and T487) that allowed the interspecies infection. However, in SARS-CoV-2, slight modification of some residues could improve the interaction with the human cellular receptor: L455, F486, Q493, and N501. In SARS-CoV, two main residues (479 and 487) have been associated to the recognition of the human ACE2 receptor. In the SARS-CoV-2, the residues corresponding to N479 correspond to Q493 and T487 to N501. These changes in the SARS-CoV-2 represent energetically favorable changes for the interaction with the receptor. we identified the sequences of amino acids that are well conserved across many coronaviruses including 2019nCoV and other strains, the motif KRSFIEDLLFNKVTLADAGF was found to be particularly well-conserved in this study and corresponds to the region around one of the known cleavage sites of the SARS virus that are believed to be required for virus activation for cell entry. This sequence motif and surrounding variations formed the basis for proposing a specific synthetic vaccine epitope this finding can make related likely rigid small molecule candidates and binding targets.
Conclusion: This study provides information and opportunities for biological confirmation. The work can nevertheless be described in bioinformatics terms, and easily replicated by others, although new data and research on Covid-19 are emerging and evolving at an explosive rythm
The independent African American labor movement in the formation of the American state and the consolidation of capitalist class power, 1993
No full textThis is a theoretical analysis of the Independent African American Labor Movement and its influence upon the American state. Two of the early periods in American political history are considered. The central theme of the analysis is the role of slave labor in the context of the plantation system in the formation of the state and in the eventual consolidation of the class power of American capitalists
Negotiations as a Mean to Resolve Conflicts in Africa
No full textIn the article negotiating process is considered as one of the most accessible and effective experiences of peace-making in Africa. On the basis of the existing points of view and own opinion the author considers the purposes and the way of behavior of participants of negotiations in resolving conflicts, investigates to a negotiating stage, specifies conditions of success of this process
Переговоры как средство разрешения конфликтов в Африке
No full textIn the article negotiating process is considered as one of the most accessible and effective experiences of peace-making in Africa. On the basis of the existing points of view and own opinion the author considers the purposes and the way of behavior of participants of negotiations in resolving conflicts, investigates to a negotiating stage, specifies conditions of success of this process.В статье рассматривается переговорный процесс как один из наиболее доступных и эффективных опытов миротворчества в Африке. На основании существующих точек зрения и собственных наблюдений автор рассматривает цели и формы поведения участников переговоров в ходе урегулирования конфликтов, исследует стадии ведения переговоров, отмечает условия успешности этого процесса
African Refugees: Criteria of Definition and the Status Problem
No full textIn the article the author regards the problems of definition of the refugee as a legal and social concept, and also criteria of the status of the refugee with reference to the African realities. It is underlined that for defining the status of refugees there are often no accurate criteria. In particular, it is impossible to separate refugees gone from the borders of the country from the internal migrants because both of them frequently are supervised by the same factors. The main criterion to define refugees, more likely, is to search in the fact of leaving from a permanent home place because of the further impossibility to remain there
International finance capital and African development: 1980-2001, 2009
No full textThis dissertation examines how the change in the international economy away from manufacturing to finance has affected African development. The dominance of financial liberalization is obvious to most observers; however, discourse on the development of African economies since 1980 generally focuses on the primary lending institutions (the IMF and World Bank). This dissertation is really an attempt to create a narrative about the rejection of alternative forms of development and subsequent implementation of rieoliberal policies. African countries rushing pell-mell to privatize, democratize, and implement all things neoliberal, crystallizes the sterile nature of alternatives to financial liberalization. Much of the discussion surrounding strategies for development remain grounded in previous notions of how countries develop, the stages of development, and generally how countries can develop their infrastructure. While all of these have salience, it does not quite capture the essence of how the world has been transformed. It is no longer possible or sensible to discuss African development without understanding the role of international finance capital. Development cannot simply be understood by bargaining with foreign companies and attracting FDI. To be sure, that is not the only aspect of development but one that was heavily emphasized just fifteen to twenty years ago. The present global economic recession provides a perfect example of how important international finance capital, in this case derivatives, are so important to the international economy. Now we must understand derivatives and how this financial tool became so dominant in the international market economy
Африканские беженцы: критерии определения и проблема статуса
No full textIn the article the author regards the problems of definition of the refugee as a legal and social concept, and also criteria of the status of the refugee with reference to the African realities. It is underlined that for defining the status of refugees there are often no accurate criteria. In particular, it is impossible to separate refugees gone from the borders of the country from the internal migrants because both of them frequently are supervised by the same factors. The main criterion to define refugees, more likely, is to search in the fact of leaving from a permanent home place because of the further impossibility to remain there.В статье рассматривается проблема определения беженца как юридического и социального понятия, а также критерии статуса беженца применительно к африканским реалиям. Указывается, что для определения статуса беженцев часто отсутствуют четкие критерии. В частности, невозможно отделить беженцев за пределы своей страны от внутренних мигрантов, поскольку зачастую и теми, и другими руководят одни и те же факторы. Главный критерий определения беженцев, скорее, следует искать в факте ухода из места постоянного жительства по причинам дальнейшей невозможности оставаться на месте
