1,721,006 research outputs found
Ανάπτυξη επιδημιολογικού μοντέλου για τον ρόλο του φύλου στην πρωτοβάθμια και δευτεροβάθμια πρόληψη της καρδιαγγειακής νόσου, λαμβάνοντας υπόψη κοινωνικούς, κλινικούς και περιβαλλοντικούς προσδιοριστές, καθώς και πολιτικές υγείας
No full textAim: The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the existence of sex-specific associations of environmental, clinical and biochemical factors with long-term cardiovascular disease (CVD) onset (primary prevention) and recurrence (secondary prevention) using the samples of two cohorts from Greece. Materials and Methods: Two prospective epidemiological studies, ATTICA [2002-2012, n=3,042 free-of-CVD individuals from the greater Athens area (single centre study), n=1,514 men (46±13 years) and n=1,528 women (45±14 years)] and GREECS [2004-2014, n=2,172 consecutive patients with acute coronary syndrome from 6 major Greek hospitals (multicentre study), n=1,649 men (65±13 years) and n=523 women (62±11 years)] were used. Baseline examination included an extended set of sociodemographic, lifestyle, psychological, anthropometric, clinical and biochemical factors. Follow-up was performed in n=2,020 participants of ATTICA and n=2,172 participants of GREECS. Results: Ten-year first CVD event rate in ATTICA was 15.7% (n=317) [19.7% (n=198) in men and 11.7% (n=119) in women, p1 (1,66 έναντι 1,18, p<0,001). Αναδείχθηκαν συσχετίσεις μεταξύ παραγόντων κινδύνου ΚΝ και μακροπρόθεσης πρωτογενούς και δευτερογενούς εμφάνισης της νόσου διαφοροποιημένες μεταξύ αντρών και γυναικών. Αρχικά, η ένταση της σχεσής μεταξύ παραγόντων του τρόπου ζωής και εμφάνισης της νόσου φάνηκε να καθορίζεται από το φύλο. Εστιάζοντας στις διατροφικές συνήθειες, τρόφιμα όπως γαλακτοκομικά και κρέας, συστατικά όπως βιταμίνη D αλλά και το αντιφλεγμονώδες φορτίο της διατροφής συνολικά επηρέαζαν διαφορετικά την εμφάνιση ΚΝ σε άντρες και γυναίκες. Επιπλέον, δύο άτομα με μέτριο έως υψηλό βαθμό συμμόρφωσης στην Μεσογειακή διατροφή φάνηκε να μην προστατεύονται το ίδιο έναντι της νόσου. Συγκεκριμένα, η υψηλή κατανάλωση τροφίμων φυτικής προέλευσης φάνηκε να είναι πιο ευεργετική σε σχέση με τον περιορισμό κατανάλωσης τροφίμων ζωικής προέλευσης. Αυτή η «χορτοφαγική» προσέγγιση φάνηκε να παρατηρείται πιο συχνά στις γυναίκες. Η καταθλιπτική συμπτωματολογία φάνηκε να επηρεάζει περισσότερο τις γυναίκες τόσο σε επίπεδο πρωτογενούς όσο και δευτερογενούς πρόληψης. Επίσης, η σχέση λιπώδους και άλιπης μάζας σώματος με την εμφάνιση ΚΝ φάνηκε να διαφοροποιείται ανάλογα με το φύλο και το επίπεδο πρόληψης. Η μεταβολικά υγιής παχυσαρκία, αναδείχθηκε ως ανεξάρτητος επιβαρυντικός παράγοντας στις γυναίκες οι οποίες και παρουσίασαν μεγαλύτερη πιθανότητα μεταβολής αυτού του προτύπου σε μεταβολικά μη υγιές σε βάθος δεκαετίας. Η μη αλκοολική λιπώδης διήθηση ήπατος προτάθηκε ως ενδιάμεσος μηχανισμός. Κάποιοι βιοδείκτες (π.χ. λιποπρωτεΐνες, απολιποπρωτεΐνες, ουρικό οξύ) φάνηκε να προβλέπουν διαφορετικά τον καρδιαγγειακό κίνδυνο σε άντρες και γυναίκες. Τέλος, αναπτύχθηκε ένα μοντέλο προσoμοίωσης για την πρωτογενή και δευτερογενή πρόληψη ΚΝ αναδεικνύοντας την προστατευτική δράση της Μεσογειακής διατροφής σε επίπεδο πληθυσμού ακόμη κι όταν ένα μικρό μέρος αυτού συμμορφωνόταν στο συγκεκριμένο πρότυπο, Τα οφέλη ήταν πιο έντονα στις γυναίκες. Συμπεράσματα: Για την ενίσχυση της αποτελεσματικότητας των στρατηγικών πρόληψης της ΚΝ σε πρωτογενές και δευτερογενές επίπεδο απαιτείται η αντιμετώπιση των διακρίσεων στον τομέα της υγείας και το φύλο είναι μία από αυτές. Η παρούσα εργασία προτείνει διαφοροποιήσεις μεταξύ των φύλων σε επίπεδο ψυχοκοινωνικών παραγόντων και χαρακτηριστικών του τρόπους ζωής, αναδεικνύει διαφορές στην προβλεπτική και προγνωστική ικανότητα διαφόρων παραγόντων κινδύνου ενώ παρουσιάζει σχετικούς υποκείμενους μηχανισμούς
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Vitamin D status, gender and cardiovascular diseases:A systematic review of prospective epidemiological studies
No full textIntroduction: Vitamin D deficiency is highly suggested as an emerging risk factor in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. However, there remains controversy regarding the need for vitamin D supplementation in high CVD risk individuals to prevent cardiac episodes and to achieve a better prognosis. Another literature gap is the potential existence of sex-specific associations of this factor with major CVD events or surrogate markers. The interaction of vitamin D and its metabolites with gene-mediated paths as well as lifestyle parameters sets the hypothesis for different effect of this factor on vascular health between men and women. Areas covered: The aim of the systematic review was to summarize the hitherto data on the association of vitamin D with CVD prevention or progression, separately for men and women. Studies were eligible if they were published research epidemiological studies evaluating the gender-specific effect of vitamin D metabolic serum concentrations on CVD onset, progression or mortality. Expert opinion: An unequivocal association between vitamin D deficiency and CVD has been demonstrated by large-scale epidemiological studies yet with inconclusive remarks from the standpoint of sex-specific highlights. Epidemiological and experimental studies designed to draw conclusions specified in men and women are demanded.</p
Fish and cardiovascular disease prevention:time for a closer collaboration between basic science and clinical research
No full textFish and shellfish (hereafter referred to as fish) remain one of the most investigated food groups in dietetics and prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases, with cardiovascular disease (CVD) being at or near the top of the list.1 The Seven Countries Study stands as the very first that revealed the cardioprotective effects of fish consumption.2 Since then fish and their relation with vascular health have been the subject of considerable interest in many observational and interventional studies either separately examined or as a part of a healthy dietary pattern, like the Mediterranean diet. Even if results are still in some cases inconclusive, there is an established relation between frequent fish consumption and lower CVD risk.3 The beneficial effects of fish are mainly attributed to their high content in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), represented by eicosapentaenoic (EPA) (20:5n–3) and docosahexaenoic (DHA) (22:6n–3) acids, without excluding the positive impact of other fish nutrients such as vitamin D, riboflavin, iodine, calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, zinc, and iron.1 To this issue, dietary guidelines in CVD prevention strongly recommend the consumption of fish one to two times per week, with one of which being an oily fish (e.g. salmon, sardines, tuna, mackerel)4 which may in turn provide 1.5–2 g of EPA and DHA as a preventive step towards CVD.5 Despite the recognition of fish as an indispensable part of cardioprotective dietary patterns, cohort studies present mixed outcomes regarding the actual added value of fish or oily fish consumption in relation to CVD events. In this context, observational cohorts suggest modest protective associations of moderate fish consumption (approximately ≥2 servings/week) with fatal CVD events or even neutral associations in case of total CVD events.3 On the other side, in case of individuals at high CVD risk, including patients with diabetes, a clear protective effect attributed to fish consumption has been suggested.6 When it comes to marine n-3 supplementation, recent meta-analyses of interventional studies suggest from a neutral7 to a clear protective effect.
Socioeconomic status, cardiovascular disease and health care services: highlighting the gender gap
Get PDFThe role of lipoprotein (a) in primary and secondary cardiovascular disease prevention:A systematic review of epidemiological studies
No full textPurpose of review: Lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] is highly suggested as an emerging risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention. However, there remains controversy regarding the shape of Lp(a) risk curve and the extent to which Lp(a) confers risk for CVD, independently of conventional lipid markers. This systematic review outlines the current state of knowledge regarding the role of Lp(a) in primary and secondary CVD prevention. Recent findings: Searches resulted in the selection of n = 19 studies. In the context of primary CVD prevention, n = 9 cohorts, n = 2 case-cohorts, and n = 2 retrospective studies were identified, the majority of which suggested a significant positive association between Lp(a) and CVD onset. In terms of secondary CVD prevention, n = 5 cohorts and n = 1 case-cohort were considered as eligible highlighting from a positive to a neutral association between Lp(a) and CVD progression. Summary: A positive association between Lp(a) and CVD seems to be supported by a large body of evidence yet it is comparatively moderate in magnitude and differentiates according to study population and the examined endpoints. This fact along with the lack of a definitive functional mechanism limits the potential connotation of Lp(a) in daily clinical practice.</p
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
