22 research outputs found
Historical Perspectives on Marriage, Migration, and Family Networks in the Region of Kayes, Mali
No full textIn this article, the author argues that migration scholars can gain a wider understanding of historical African migration through the examination of marriage migration in particular. These specific migrations, which are especially visible in civil legal records of the Kayes region (Mali) from 1905 to 1925, shed light on women’s mobility (social and geographical) in and out of marriage. These documents also show the gradual restriction of this mobility by colonial and local authorities. The circumventing strategies used by some women to counter these restrictions relied mainly upon historical family migration networks. But these strategies would gradually become obsolete owing to patrilinear family networks proving ultimately to be much stronger thanks in particular to the colonial authorities’ support.Dans cet article, l’auteure montre que les chercheurs spécialistes des migrations peuvent développer une meilleure compréhension de l’histoire des migrations africaines en examinant en particulier les migrations de mariage. Ces migrations spécifiques, qui sont particulièrement visibles dans les affaires judiciaires jugées au civil de 1905 à 1925 dans la région de Kayes (Mali), mettent en lumière les stratégies matrimoniales des femmes pour accéder à une mobilité sociale et géographique. Ces documents montrent également les restrictions mises en place par les autorités locales et coloniales pour limiter ces mobilités. Les stratégies de contournement utilisées par certaines femmes pour contrer ces restrictions s’appuient principalement sur des réseaux migratoires familiaux historiques. Mais ces stratégies deviendront progressivement obsolètes du fait des réseaux familiaux patrilinéaires qui s’avèreront finalement les plus puissants, grâce notamment au soutien des autorités coloniales.En este artículo, el autor demuestra que los investigadores sobre migración pueden desarrollar un mejor entendimiento de la historia de las migraciones africanas con el enfoque particular de las migraciones de casamiento. Este tipo de migración especifico, que se destaca particularmente a través de los casos judiciales juzgados al civil entre 1905 y 1925 por la región de Kayes (Mali), revela una movilidad (social y geográfica) de las mujeres tan al entrar como al salir del vínculo matrimonial. Estos documentos exponen también a las restricciones crecientes establecidas tanto por autoridades locales como coloniales para limitar esta movilidad. Las estrategias de elusión usadas por algunas mujeres para contrarrestar estas restricciones se basaron principalmente en redes migratorias familiares históricas. Sin embargo, estas estrategias se tonarán gradualmente anticuadas por culpa de redes familiares patrilineales que se revelarán al final como más potentes, en particular por el apoyo de autoridades coloniales
Child labor : a review
No full textOn September 30, 1990, the first World Summit for Children promised to reduce child mortality and malnutrition. It set targets to be reached by the year 2000. Although it established no explicit goals on child labor, the targets included basic education for all children and the completion of primary education by at least 80 percent of children. Meeting these goals will reduce child labor, say the authors. The evidence they review shows that education intervention play a key role in reducing child labor and should play a key role in its eventual abolition. But other interventions are also needed, including legislative action, appropriate labor market policies, fertility interventions, the adoption of technology, and better job opportunities for parents. There must also be advocates for better conditions for working children and for the empowerment of children and their families. An encouraging consensus is emerging - both in the literature and in the policies of international agencies concerned with child labor - that action, to be effective, must aim first to protect children and improve their living and working conditions. This implies a less stigmatized view of child labor, and the recognition that child labor itself can be used as a targeting device to help children through health, nutrition, schooling, and other interventions. In the long term, the objective of eliminating child labor must be approached through legislative action combined with social and economic incentives that take into account not only the types of child labor and child labor arrangements in a country but that country's institutional and administrative capacity.Children and Youth,Labor Policies,Street Children,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Health Economics&Finance,Street Children,Youth and Governance,Children and Youth,Environmental Economics&Policies
Varus Derotation Osteotomy for the Treatment of Hip Subluxation and Dislocation in Cerebral Palsy: Statistical Analysis in 73 Hips
No full text
Mise en scène familiale, usages du savoir et campagnes politiques : Djiguiba Camara (Guinée)
No full textInternational audienceThis article follows the trajectory of Djiguiba Camara, a colonial intermediary from Upper Guinea and author of a 110-page tapuscript entitled “Histoire locale” about the history of his home village Damaro and Samori Touré. Fata Kéoulé Camara, his father, was one of Samori Touré’s close advisers. Trained at the École des fils de chefs of Kayes, Djiguiba Camara was a colonial interpreter and then became district commissioner in 1928. He had his text typewritten in 1955 and gave a copy to Yves Person, a French historian. This text would become one of the main African sources for Person’s doctoral thesis. This article aims at analyzing the uses of local and family knowledge in the trajectory of Djiguiba Camara and his family for political legitimation. It is based on a study of personal and family archives, colonial archives and fieldwork.Cet article retrace le parcours de Djiguiba Camara, intermédiaire colonial de Haute Guinée et auteur d’un tapuscrit de 110 pages intitulé « Histoire locale » sur l’histoire de son village natal de Damaro et sur Samori Touré. Fata Kéoulé Camara, son père, était l’un des proches conseillers de Samori Touré. Formé à l’école des fils de chefs de Kayes, Djiguiba Camara fut d’abord interprète colonial avant de devenir chef de canton en 1928. Il fait dactylographier son texte en 1955 et il en donne une version à l’historien français Yves Person qui en fera l’une de ses sources africaines principales pour l’écriture de sa thèse. Cet article entend analyser les usages des savoirs locaux et familiaux dans une trajectoire de légitimation politique, par une étude croisée d’archives personnelles et familiales, d’archives coloniales et d’enquêtes de terrain
