1,721,148 research outputs found
Cognitive assessment, wellbeing and brain functioning in HIV-infected patients on cART
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169272.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Radboud University, 22 mei 2017Promotor : Kessels, R.P.C. Co-promotor : Koopmans †, P.P
Clinical pharmacology of ritonavir-boosted antiretroviral regimens in HIV-treatment.
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52565.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 19 december 2007Promotor : Hekster, Y.A. Co-promotores : Burger, D.M., Koopmans †, P.P.223 p
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of HIV Treatment. Bridging Laboratory and Clinical Practice.
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27440.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
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50205.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 01 juni 2006Promotor : Hekster, Y.A. Co-promotores : Burger, D.M., Koopmans †, P.P.158 p
Clinical aspects of toxicity in antiretroviral therapy.
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71398.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 09 december 2008Promotor : Meer, J.W.M. van der Co-promotores : Koopmans †, P.P., Burger, D.M.150 p
Inflammation in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders
No full textItem does not contain fulltextRU Radboud Universiteit, 06 juni 2016Promotores : Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Mphahlele, J. Co-promotores : Stelma, F.F., Koopmans †, P.P
Clinical pharmacology of antiretroviral agents: Focus on drug interactions and dose optimization.
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19621.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)
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47366.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)This thesis comprises research with a number of licensed antiretroviral agents. The subject of research was the occurrence of (un)wanted drug interactions and possibilities for dose optimization. Studies were performed with the difficult combination of antiretroviral agents and tuberculostatic drugs, interactions with food and the effect of different adjusted dosages. It was found that dose adjustments make it possible to combine the antiretroviral protease inhibitor lopinavir with the tuberculostatic drug rifampin. Furthermore other studies showed that dose adjustments in case of subtherapeutic plasma drug concentrations were not always successful. In the group of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors it was seen that non-caucasian patients and female patients were at risk for higher plasma drug levels, with possibly more toxicity as a resultRU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 14 april 2005Promotor : Hekster, Y.A. Co-promotores : Burger, D.M., Koopmans †, P.P.180 p
Application of Pharmacokinetics to Improve Antiretroviral Treatment.
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119483.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)The introduction of protease inhibitors (PIs) and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) has allowed for treatment of HIV-infected patients with 'highly active antiretroviral treatment' (HAART). The studies in this thesis aimed to optimize dosage regimens for PIs and NNRTIs by the assessment and interpretation of the pharmacokinetic characteristics of these agents.The thesis first presents a review of the literature on analytical methods for measurement of PIs in plasma, and a review of the practice of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) for antiretroviral drugs. Subsequently an international interlaboratory quality control (QC) program was developed for measurement of antiretroviral drugs in plasma. The program revealed large variability in the ability of laboratories to measure PIs and NNRTIs accurately. By participating in the program, laboratories were alerted to previously unknown errors in their methods. A series of pharmacokinetic studies evaluated undesirable pharmacokinetic interactions between antiretroviral drugs, food and other drugs. One study revealed that indinavir/ritonavir (800/100 mg BID) should preferably be administered with food to reduce high, nephrotoxic peak plasma (Cmax) values of indinavir. Based on other studies it was concluded that the addition of efavirenz to indinavir/ritonavir (800/100 mg BID) results in significant decreases in plasma concentrations of indinavir. These decreases are not strong enough to warrant dose modifications of the indinavir/ritonavir combination in treatment-naïve HIV-infected patients. A low-dose of ritonavir (100 mg BID) appeared to exert a modest inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP2D6 in extensive metabolizers for CYP2D6. Finally, pharmacokinetic studies were performed that evaluated the interaction between PIs and low-dose ritonavir as a means to achieve once-daily dosing for PIs. It was assessed that both nelfinavir and indinavir can be combined with low-dose ritonavir to yield adequate trough (Cmin) levels during a once-daily 24-h dosing interval.KUN, 02 december 2003Promotor : Hekster, Y.A. Co-promotores : Burger, D.M., Koopmans †, P.P
Consequences of Vitamin D and Xenobiotic Metabolism by Cytochrome P450 in HIV infection.
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74394.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)Antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) and medicinal herbs as well as vitamin D are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system in the liver. This thesis focuses on the interaction between these compounds. We also explored the hypothesis that HIV-patients might develop insufficiënt vitamin D levels as a result of CYP450 interactions. Many HIV infected patients use herbal medicines. Usage of herbal medicines concomitant to ARVs might lead to toxic or subtherapeutic drug concentrations. We provided an overview of the potential herb-ARV interactions of Western and African herbal medicines. St John's wort, garlic, Echinacea, ginkgo and milk thistle might cause significant interactions. More research on interaction risks of Western and especially African herbal medicines is urgently required. Therefore, the interaction potential and toxicity of twelve potent antifungal active Tanzanian herbal medicines was investigated. All herbs showed high cytotoxic effects and potent competition with CYP enzymes was found for 75%. Also in Europe the intake of herbs and dietary supplements is common. We described a case of a Dutch HIV patient taking herbal medicines concomitant to lopinavir, which resulted in a toxic lopinavir level. This illustrates that physicians should be aware of herb-ARV interactions. Beside herbs many HIV patients use vitamin D supplements. Insufficient vitamin D levels might be the result of dark skin color, insufficient intake or HIV itself. We found a prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among HIV-1 patients in the Netherlands (n=252) of 29%. Beside skin color, also specific antiretroviral agents (NNRTIs) may add more risk for low vitamin D levels. Furthermore, the results showed that 1 year colecalciferol supplementation inHIV-1-infected patients leaded to a significant increase in 1,25(OH)2D3, a decrease in insulin sensitivity and PTH and circulating regulatory T-cells. No effect on bone mineral density and adipocyte function was found. The effects on insulin sensitivity and T-regs seemed to be dose dependent. These results need to be confirmed in larger clinical trialsRU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 29 april 2009Promotor : Meer, J.W.M. van der Co-promotores : Ven, A.J.A.M. van der, Koopmans †, P.P.213 p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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