1,720,960 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Priapismo: Sobre la fantasía inconsciente de la erección
Get PDFA case of psychogenic priapism is described. The patient awakens several times during the night with a disturbing erection which he experiences as a rigidity of the whole body. The constipation and the hemorrhoids which afflict the patient lessen when priapism increases. The dreams from which he awakens without anxiety and with priapism show the unconscious defense phantasies against a persecuting object expressed by the symptom. On the three levels, pre-oedipical, early oedipical and oedipical proper-which he autor relates to the there phases of instinctive evolution described by Paula Heimann: the oral organization, the polimorphus stage and the anal organization - the persecuting object has its own structure each time. In the face of the bad breast, there arises - in relation with Lewin‟s oral triad - a three-fold dread. The dread of swallowing poison and being emptied by diarrhea (through association with his younger brother‟s typhoid fever when he was a suckling). The erection, as a consequence of its valvular function, closes the conduit and prevents from the aggressive enuresis as well as from being emptied. The dread of being swallowed is equivalent, through the phallus-body equation, to the dread of falling into an abyss. The erection, symbolised by a giroscope, annuls the gravitational force. The dread of sleeping against which priapism acts as an awakener. In the face of the combined couple, there arises the fear of being petrified by the phallic mother like Medusa as well as the fear of the earthquake througt the explosive mixture of the primal scene (in association with the father‟s death due to a cerebral hemorrhage during intercourse). The erected phallus symbolises the mother phallus stolen from the phallic mother against whom he defends himself with the apotropaeic exhibition of the fetish, thus repeating the phantasy reflected in the Perseus myth. The rigidity of the erection expresses the unconscious phantasy of rendering the combined couple immobile such as in catatonia. In the face of the father‟s penis, the frustrating object of the Primal scene, there arise the fear of the Influencing Machine, which breaks loose the homosexual libido and masturbation. The prapism by de-congesting the anus interrupts the stream of the ominous Machine and controls the father‟s penis. Many of the dream symbols and phantasies which nourish the patient‟s inclination towards chemistry, are analogous to those of alchemy. The possession of the father‟s penis is the secret through which he obtains the “materia prima” to realize the “chemical wedding” between the masculine and femenine sustances, urine and faeces, inside the “hermetic receptacle” which is the priapic penis, in order to obtain the “philosophical stone”, the idealized breast, symbolised in one dream by the cautchuc tree with its valuable latex milk. Priapism autoplastically materializes fecundation,, pregnancy and parturition, thus expressing the rebirth phantasy equivalent to the return to the womb, a phantasy which is implicit in the relation with the idealized object. The symptom substitutes sleeping as an intrauterine state and the patient continues “dreaming” with his body. The hysterical materialization is a manifestation of the primary process in the corporal scheme. The pregenital libido is displaced and condensed in the penis, which ultimately symbolises the breast. In view of the analogy to Perseus, the hero who defeats the monster, the Oedipus myth in considered. Oedipus is a symbol of erecion. The myth is the exegesis of the symbol, that is to say, the unconscious phantasies expressed in the erection are ilustrated in the Oedipus myth. The encounter with Layo at the Trifurcation is the incorporation of the father‟s penis belonging to the mother. When he thus gets hold the Sphinx‟s secret, he can strike her dumb, repress the image of the phallic mother and commit incest with Jocasta. The theree typical dreams - death of a loved person, an examination, and that one of nakedness with immobilization - described by Freud express the Oedipus conflict: the situation in the face of Layo, the Sphinx and Jocasta. The sexual act, in as much as it expresses the unconscious phantasy of a return to the mother‟s womb, simultaneously expresses the defense phantasies against the anxieties inherent to such a return. This case offers the chance of studying some aspects of the problem of conversion hysteria. The author‟s hypothesis is that the materialization of the mother phallus would be valid for every conversion hysteria since the bisexual phantasy which according to Freud exists at the bottom of this neurosis means, in terms of object relation, the relation with the mother phallus which satisfies both the phantasy with the mother‟s breast and the father‟s penis. The first “materialization” of the mother phallus takes place in the transitional phenomenon described by Winnicott. It is when the child emerges from the schizoid position, from the hallucination of the idealized breast, that he starts to elaborate illusions upon a real object, the transitional object. It now one only real object which articulates the schizoid mechanism — idealization and denial — wherefore the schizoid splitting becomes repression. The unconscious phantasy expressed in the materialization of the mother phallus, is simultaneously the expression of a defense mechanism, repression, due to the screen function of the fetish. The relation between splitting, repression, denial and the pre-oedipic, early oedipic, oedipic proper situations respectively, shows the genetic continuity of the defense mechanisms and therefore the evolution of the reality sense as the dialectic between unconscious phantasy and the evolutionary factor.Se describe un caso de priapismo psicógeno. El paciente se despierta varias veces en la noche con una erección molesta, la cual es experimentada como un endurecimiento de todo el cuerpo. El estreñimiento y las hemorroides del cual sufre el enfermo disminuyen al aumentar el priapismo. Los sueños de los cuales despierta sin angustia y con priapismo muestran las fantasías inconscientes de defensa contra un objeto perseguidor expresadas por el síntoma. En los tres planos, pre-edípico, edípico-temprano y edípico propio que el autor relaciona con las tres fases de la evolución instintiva descrita por Paula Heimann: la organización oral, la etapa polimorfa y la organización anal, el objeto perseguidor tiene cada vez su estructura propia. En frente al pecho malo surge en relación con la tríada oral de Lewin, un temor triple. El temor de tragar veneno y ser vaciado por diarrea (por asociación con la tifoidea del hermano menor cuando lactante). La erección por, su función valvular cierra el caño e impide la eriuresis agresiva así como el vaciamiento. E1 temor de ser tragado, equivalente por la ecuación falo-cuerpo, al temor de caer en el abismo. La erección, simbolizada por un giróscopo, anula la gravitación. El temor de dormir contra el cual funciona el priapismo como despertador. En frente a la pareja combinada surge tanto el temor de ser metrificado por la madre fálica como Medusa como el temor al terremoto por la mezcla explosiva de la escena primaria (en asociación con la muerte del padre durante el coito por derrame cerebral). El falo erigido simboliza el falo materno robado a la madre fálica, defendiéndose contra ella con la exhibición apo-tropeica del fetiche, repitiendo la fantasía que se refleja en el mito de Perseo. La rigidez de la erección expresa la fantasía inconsciente de inmovilizar la pareja combinada tal como en la catatonía. En frente al pene del padre, objeto frustrador de la escena primaria, surge el temor por el aparato de influencia desencadenando la libido homosexual y la masturbación. El priapismo al descongestionar el ano, interrumpe la corriente del aparato nefasto y controla el pene paterno. Muchos símbolos oníricos que alimentan la aficción a la química del paciente son análogos a los de la alquimia. La posesión del pene paterno es el secreto con el cual obtiene la materia prima para poder realizar “el matrimonio químico” entre la substancia masculina y femenina, orina y heces, adentro del “vas hermético” que es el pene priápico para así conseguir la “piedra filosófica”, el pecho idealizado, que en un sueño está simbolizado por el árbol del cautchuc con su valiosa leche látex. El priapismo materializa autoplásticamente fecundación, embarazo y parto, expresando la fantasía de renacimiento equivalente al regreso uterino, fantasía implicada en la relación con el objeto idealizado. El síntoma sustituye el dormir como estado intrauterino y el paciente sigue “soñando” con su cuerpo. La materialización histérica resulta ser una manifestación del proceso primario en el esquema corporal. La libido pregenital es desplazada y condensada en el pene, que simboliza en último término el pecho. Por la analogía con Perseo, héroe que vence el monstruo, se considera el mito de Edipo. Edipo es símbolo de la erección. El mito es la exégesis del símbolo, o sea las fantasías inconscientes expresadas en la erección encuentran su ilustración en el mito e Edipo. El encuentro con Layo en la Trifurcación es la incorporación del pene paterno perteneciendo a la madre. Al apoderarse así del secreto del Esfinge puede enmudecerla, reprimir la imagen de la madre fálica y realizar el incesto con Jocasta. Los tres sueños típicos según Freud, el de la muerte de una persona querida, el del examen y el de la desnudez con inmovilización expresan el complejo edípico: la situación frente a Layo, el Esfinge y Jocasta. El acto sexual en cuanto expresa la fantasía inconsciente de un regreso al seno materno, expresa simultáneamente las fantasías de defensa contra las angustias inherentes a tal regreso. El caso ofrece la ocasión de estudiar algunos aspectos del problema de la histeria de conversión. La hipótesis del autor es que la materialización del falo materno sería válido para toda la histeria de conversión, ya que la fantasía bisexual que existe en el fondo de esta neurosis según Freud, significa en términos de relación objetal, la relación con el falo materno, cual satisface tanto la fantasía con el pecho de la madre como con el pene del padre. La primera “materialización” del falo materno ocurre en el fenómeno transicional descrito por Winnicott. Es cuando el niño sale de la posición esquizoide, de la alucinación del pecho idealizado, que empieza a hacerse ilusiones con un objeto real, el objeto transicional. Es ahora un solo objeto real el cual articula los mecanismos esquizoides, idealización y negación, por lo cual la disociación esquizoide se transmuta en represión. La fantasía inconsciente expresada en la materialización del falo materno, es simultáneamente expresión de un mecanismo de defensa, la represión, debido a la función pantalla del fetiche. La relación de disociación, represión, negación con, respectivamente la situación pre-edípica, edípica-temprana, edípica propia, muestra la continuidad genética entre los mecanismos de defensa y por lo tanto la evolución del sentido de la realidad como la dialéctica entre fantasía inconsciente y el factor evolutivo
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Las fantasías inconscientes de los procesos mentales conscientes
Get PDF1) The important discovery of the zoologist Portmann —the birth of the human child is a premature birth and the firstyear is a year of extra-uterine foetal life—enables to consider the unconscious fantasy as a response of the body to the separation anxiety, being this body a foetal body. Unconscious fantasy has primary process quality, that is to say “establishes aperception identity” (Freud). The transition of the primary process to secondary process is therefore discoverednow as the transformation of a projective identification into reflexive identification with the other body. According to our hypothesis, language has its origin in this reflexive identification of the human body with the other body. To say, in the sense of uttering, to show each other becomes possible by under-standing the fellowman‟s gesture. The system “bodyintersubjectivity-language” constitutes the perceptive experience of an objective reality, of the “conscience”. II) The psycho-analytical situation leads to a regression of the intersubjective corporal relation, leaving the patient outside of the language in which he dwells. Thewords without language appear and the transference psychosis darkens communication. It becomes now necessary to analyze “not what he says with words but what he does when speaking” (Alvarez de Toledo). The patient when speaking speaks his associations, memories, imaginations. Three cases are described where the speaking materializes the respective unconscious fantasies of these mental conscious processes. The speaking in the analytic situation materialized in the patient Q. the unconscious fantasy of the free association: an oral envious greed without limits, directed to the breast and all the contents of the mother.For the patient P. the speaking materialized the unconscious fantasy of an accumulation of memories: the agressive anal retention and expulsion of his brother, his penis. The patient O. had as an unconscious fantasy of imagination: the aggressiveenvious look at the father‟s penis inside the mother. He was bilingual. This fantasy materialized when the analyst started talking hisfather‟s language.1) El importante descubrimiento del zoólogo Portmann —el nacimiento del niño humano es un nacimiento prematuro y el primer año un año de vida fetal extrauterina— permite considerar a la fantasía inconsciente como una respuesta del cuerpo a la angustia de separación por ser este cuerpo un cuerpo fetal. La fantasía inconsciente tiene la calidad del proceso primario, o sea „„establece una identidad de percepción‟‟ (Freud). La transición del proceso primario en proceso secundario se de-scubre ahora comola transformación de una identificación proyectiva en una identificación reflexiva con el otro cuerpo.Es nuestra hipótesis que el lenguaje tiene su origen en esta identificación reflexiva del cuerpo humano con el otro cuerpo. Es decir, el mostrarse (índice) recíprocamente se vuelve posible al entender (ver-stehen) el gesto del otro. El sistema “cuerpo--intersubjetividad-lenguaje” es constitutivo de la experiencia perceptiva de una realidad objetiva, de la “consciencia II) La situación psicoanalítica conduce hacia un regreso de la relación corporal intersubjetiva, desalojando el paciente del lenguaje que habita. Aparecen las palabras sin lenguaje y la psicosis transferencial oscurece la comunicación. Ahora se vuelve necesario de analizar “no lo que dice con las palabras, sino lo que hace al hablar” (Alvarez de Toledo). El paciente al hablar habla sus asociaciones, sus recuerdos, sus imaginaciones. Tres casos son descritos donde el hablar materializaba las fantasías inconscientesrespectivas de estos procesos mentales conscientes. El hablar en la situación analítica materializaba en la enferma Q. la fantasíainconsciente de la asociación libre: una angurria oral envidiosa sin límites, dirigida hacia el pecho y los contenidos de la madre.
Para el enfermo P. materializaba el hablar la fantasía inconsciente de acumulación de recuerdos: la retención y expulsión anal agresiva dirigido contra el hermano, su pene.El enfermo O. tenía como fantasía inconsciente del imaginar: la mirada envidiosa agresiva hacia el pene del padre adentro de la madre. Era bilingüe. Esta fantasía se materializaba al empezar el analista a hablar el idioma de su padre
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