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Analysis Of Manufacturing Defects In The Production Of Blankets At Baltic Fibres OÜ
No full textKäesolev lõputöö on koostatud Baltic Fibres OÜ näitel. Lõputöös käsitletakse praaktoodangu teket ettevõttes. Autor analüüsib kolme kuu praaktoodangu tekkepõhjuseid: Detsember 2016, Jaanuar 2017 ja Veebruar 2017. Analüüsis tuuakse välja erinevad praaktoodangu aspektid arvulistes kogustes kolme kuu lõikes. Seejärel selgitab välja enim esinevad põhjused ning analüüsib nende teket. Töö koosneb kahest osast: teooriast ja metoodikast. Teoorias uuris autor protsesside juhtimist, tootmise korraldamist, kvaliteedijuhtimisesüsteemi ISO 9001, keskkonnajuhtimissüsteemi ISO 14001, ning lisaks töökeskkonda. Tuginedes teooriatele tegi autor ülevaate Baltic Fibres OÜ kvaliteedikontrollist, mille käsitlusalaks on tekkide, patjade ja madratsite tootmine. Lisaks toob autor välja ka Baltic Fibres OÜ peamised tegevuseesmärgi, ning praagi käsitlemise etapid. Metoodika osas tõi autor välja kvaliteediuuringu tulemused ja analüüsis neid, Baltic Fibres OÜ tootmisprotsessi kirjelduse, kolme kuu praaktoodangu analüüsi, kolme kuu suurimad praaktoodangu tekkepõhjused, ning ettenähtud praaktoodangu käsitlemise ettevõttes. Lõputöös sooviti leida alternatiive tootmistsüklite parendamiseks, seeläbi praaktoodangu tekke vähendamiseks. Autor kasutas töös kvantitatiivset uuringut ja vaatlust. Kvantitatiivses uuringus töötles esmalt läbi kolme kuu praagi tekke, teise kvaliteedi toodangu tekke, ning toodete koguse, mis läks koheselt esimesse kvaliteeti. Kolme kuu vältel tekkinuid praaktoodangu vigu tõi autor välja arvuliselt nii tekstis, kus on väljatoodud ka praagi põhjus, kui ka tabelina. Tabel annab parema ülevaate konkreetsest veast ja praaktoodangu kogusest. Neid andmeid analüüsis autor lisaks ka Excel programmis, selleks, et protsendiliselt luua parem ülevaade, kui suur on praagi protsent Baltic Fibres OÜ-s. Vaatluse osas jälgis autor tekiliinide tööd kaks nädalat. See andis võimaluse põhjalikult vaadelda nii operaatorite tööd mõlemas vahetuses kui ka liinide tehnilist valmidust ning toote tekkimise tsükleid. Autor teostas osaliselt mittesekkuva vaatluse, kus uuris tehtavaid tegevusi, ise mitte sekkudes, jälgides keskkonda, inimesi ja protsesse kõrvaltvaatajana. Lisaks masintootmisele, võttis arvesse ka keskkonda ettevõttes, ning töötajate suhtumist ja töökust, et näha keskkonda ja suhteid läbi oma silmade. Uurijana ei võtnud töö autor protsessidest osa, kuid vajadusel küsis täpsustavaid küsimusi töötajatelt, et protsessidest paremini aru saada. Vaatluse tulemusena eristati üle- ja alakaalu 67 tekkepõhjuste põhilised mure kohad, ning tepingute ja pooli vahetuse probleemid. Praagiprotsent on ettevõttes lubatud maksimaalselt 2%, läbivalt on kolme kuu analüüsis vaid tekkide praak 1-2%. Protsentuaalselt on see arv väike, kuid koguseliselt vaga suur number. Liinide tootlikkus saab alguse sellest, mida ja mis kogustes toodetakse. Kõik raiskavad tegevused tuleb võimaluse korral likvideerida või viia miinimumi. Liiniti ja kuuti mängivad rolli erinevad aspektid, tulenevalt sellest, kuidas on liinid üles ehitatud, hopperite arv liinidel, liinide pikkused, jooksude pikkused, operaatorite võimekus jne. Lähtudes praaktoodangu tekke põhilistest põhjustest ja praaktoodangu tekkimise alandamiseks, pakkus autor välja järgnevad ettepanekud: ala- ja ülekaalu vähendamiseks, tuleks tootmisplaani tegemisel maksimeerida ühetüüpsete toodete järjestikust tootmist selleks, kehtestada minimaalsed jooksu pikkused ehk töökäskude miinimum tooteühikute arv, ühtlustada hopperite arvu kõigil liinidel. Kaalu asukoht liinil tuua ettepoole, kaaluprobleem avastatakse alles siis kui terve liini pikkuse jagu tekke on juba toodetud, sest kaalu fikseerimine on liini lõpus. Lisaks sisse viia uuendatud kaalukontrolli süsteem, juurutada tootegruppide põhised tootmise seadistused liinile, operaatorite kompetentsi tõstmine ja järjepidev hoidmine. Tepingu probleemide ja pooli vahetuse vigade vähendamiseks tuleks katsetada teiste tarnijate niidipoole, ühe niidipooli lõppemisel tuleks vahetada korraga kõik liinil olevad niidipoolid, juurutada tootegruppide põhised tootmise seadistused liinile, ning operaatorite kompetentsi tõstmine ja järjepidev hoidmine. Autor on arvamusel, et võttes arvesse parendusettepanekuid, saaks ettevõtte Baltic Fibres OÜ osaliselt või täielikult praaktoodangu tekkimist ettevõttes vähendada.This thesis studies the occurrence of defects within a company’s manufacturing process based on the example of Baltic Fibres OÜ. The author analyses the causes of production defects over a period of three months: December 2016, January 2017 and February 2017, and presents numeric data to illustrate various aspects of manufacturing faults, determining their most frequent causes, and an analysis of why they occur. The thesis is divided into two parts: theory and methodology. The theory section examines process management, organisation of production, quality management system ISO 9001, environmental management system ISO 14001, and the work environment. Based on related theories, the author presents an overview of the quality control process at Baltic Fibres OÜ, a manufacturer of blankets, pillows and mattresses, along with their main objective of activities and stages of defect management. The methodology section presents the results and analysis of the qualitative survey, the description of the manufacturing process used by Baltic Fibres OÜ, and the process used by the company to manage foreseen production defects. This thesis sought to find alternatives to help improve production cycles and thereby reduce the number of production defects. The author conducted their work by using a quantitative study and observation. The quantitative study, conducted over a period of three months, analysed the occurrence of production defects, factory seconds, and the amount of produce immediately considered first quality. The author used numeric data to present specific defects which had occurred in the manufacturing process, text to help explain their causes, as well as a table to give an overview of specific defects and the total amount of defective produce. The author also used Microsoft Excel to analyse the data they had gathered and create an overview of percentages of the amount of defective produce within Baltic Fibre OÜ. In the observation part, the author observed the work of the blanket lines for two weeks, which provided an opportunity to thoroughly observe the work of the operators in both shifts, as well as the technical readiness of the lines and production cycles. The author conducted a partially non-intrusive observation, studying the activities being conducted without personally interfering – observing the environment, people, and processes as a bystander. To gain personal perspective into the company’s environment and relationships, the author accounted for the environment within the compa- 69 ny, as well as for the attitude and work ethic of the employees in addition to machine production. As a researcher, the author did not participate in these processes, but did ask clarifying questions from the employees when they needed to better understand the processes. As a result of this observation, the main reasons behind over- and underweight produce, as well as problems relating to stitching and spool replacement were determined. Taking the most common reasons behind manufacturing defects into account, and aiming to reduce their occurrence, the author suggested the following: the concurrent production of a single type of product should be maximised during the production planning stage in order to reduce over- and underweight production. To achieve this, minimum thread lengths – the minimum number of products within a work order – should be enforced and the number of hoppers on all lines equalised. The scale should be brought forward on the line. Currently, the weight problem is only discovered once a whole line’s worth of blankets has been produced, as weight is determined at the very end of the line. Additionally, an updated weight control system should be implemented, along with the introduction of production settings based on product groups, as well as an increase in operator competency and its continuance. To reduce stitching problems and errors in spool replacement, thread spools from different manufacturers should be tested. When a thread spool has ended, all spools on the line should be replaced simultaneously. The author concludes that if their suggestions are considered, Baltic Fibre OÜ could either reduce or entirely eliminate defects from their manufacturing process
Environmental governance measures to ensure the legality of forest logging: analysis of violations and prevention opportunities
No full textMagistritöö
Keskkonnakorralduse- ja poliitika õppekavalEesti intensiivne metsamajandus on toonud kaasa vajaduse tagada metsaraiete õiguspärasus, kuna ebaseaduslik raie põhjustab keskkonnakahju. Probleemi on varem käsitletud üksikute juhtumite kaupa, kuid süsteemne analüüs on olnud piiratud. Sagedamini esinevateks rikkumisteks on ebaseaduslikud raied, raienormide eiramine, keskkonnakahju tekitamine ning rikkumised, mille teostaja jääb tuvastamata. Need rikkumised tulenevad peamiselt teadmatusest, tehniliste abivahendite ületähtsustamisest, vastutuse hajumisest, puudulikust teavitustööst ning seadusandluse ja järelevalve piiratud ulatuse koosmõjust. Käesoleva töö eesmärgiks on anda ülevaade metsaõigusnormide rikkumistest, põhjustest ja tagajärgedest. Seejuures tuua välja keskkonnakorralduslikud meetmed, mille abil oleks võimalik metsaõigusrikkumisi ennetada.
Magistritöös analüüsiti Keskkonnaameti 2024. aasta väärteomenetlusi ning viidi läbi intervjuud järelevalveinspektoritega. Analüüs näitas, et suurem osa rikkumistest tuleneb metsaomanike või tööde teostajate teadmatusest ning osa juhtumitest jääb lahendamata rikkuja tuvastamatuse tõttu. Rikkumised ja keskkonnakahju esinevad piirkonniti ebaühtlaselt ning sageli on kahjustatud kaitsealused alad ja noored metsad. Tulemused näitavad vajadust tõhustada ennetustegevust, suurendada teadlikkust ja täiustada metsandusalast koolitust. Töö tulemusi saab rakendada järelevalvestrateegiate täpsustamisel ning metsanduspoliitika ja koolitusprogrammide arendamisel.Estonia’s intensive forest management has created the need to ensure the legality of forest logging, as illegal logging causes environmental damage. The issue has previously been addressed through individual cases, but systematic analysis has been limited. The most common violations include illegal logging, non-compliance with logging regulations, causing environmental harm, and cases where the perpetrator remains unidentified. These violations primarily stem from ignorance, overreliance on technical tools, dispersed responsibility, insufficient public outreach, and the combined effect of limited legislation and supervision. The aim of this thesis is to provide an overview of forest law violations, their causes, and consequences, and to identify environmental governance measures that could help prevent such violations.
The thesis analyses the 2024 misdemeanor procedures of the Environmental Board and includes interviews with supervisory inspectors. The analysis revealed that most violations result from a lack of knowledge among forest owners or contractors, and some cases remain unresolved due to the inability to identify the violator. Violations and environmental damage vary by region, often affecting protected areas and young forests. The results indicate a need to strengthen preventive measures, raise awareness, and improve forestry-related training. The findings can be applied to refine supervision strategies and develop forestry policy and training programs
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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