1,720,953 research outputs found
Comparative Analysis of Technologies for Preventing and Improving Eutrophication of Estonian Lakes
No full textEestis on järvede eutrofeerumine tõsine keskkonnaprobleem, mis mõjutab järvede ökoloogilist tasakaalu ning sotsiaalset ja majanduslikku tähtsust. Eutrofeerumise protsess, mis tähendab veekogude toitainete, peamiselt lämmastiku ja fosfori, liigset kogunemist, põhjustab mitmeid negatiivseid tagajärgi, sealhulgas vetikate õitsemist, hapniku ja loodusliku mitmekesisuse vähenemist. Uurimistöö keskendub erinevatele tehnoloogiatele, mis on suunatud eutrofeerumise vältimisele ja taastamisele rõhutades, et probleemide lahendamiseks on vajalik kompleksne lähenemine.
Eutrofeerumise peamine põhjustaja on inimene oma põllumajanduse, linnastumise ja tööstuse tegevustega, mis suurendavad toitainete voolu järvedesse. Analüüs näitab, et põllumajandus, sealhulgas väetiste ja orgaaniliste ainete vale kasutamine, on suurim reostuse allikas, mis toob kaasa veekogude kvaliteedi halvenemise. Seetõttu on oluline uurida, kuidas ülemääraseid toitaineid järvedest eemaldada ja vältida nende edasist akumuleerumist.
Töö jaguneb erinevateks osadeks, kus analüüsitakse erinevaid eutrofeerumise vältimise ja taastamise meetodeid. Need on jagatud kolme põhigruppi: füüsilised, bioloogilised ja keemilised meetodid. Hinnatakse iga meetodi kulu, tõhusust ja keskkonnamõjusid.
Füüsikaliste meetodite, nagu setete eemaldamine ja veekihtide segamine, abil vähendatakse fosfori ja hapnikupuuduse probleeme. Setete eemaldamine on küll kulukas, kuid väga tõhus fosfori eemaldamiseks. Veesamba segamine hoiab ära hapnikupuuduse järve sügavamates kihtides. Bioloogiliste meetodite hulka kuuluvad makrofüütide ohjamine ja biomanipulatsioon. Makrofüütide eemaldamine vähendab vetikate toitaineid, biomanipulatsioon aga stabiliseerib ökosüsteemi ja vähendab fütoplanktoni biomassi. Need meetodid täiendavad füüsikalisi lähenemisi. Keemilised meetodid, nagu fosfori sidumine ja aeratsioon, aitavad samuti eutrofeerumist vähendada. Näiteks LMB-ga fosfori sidumine on tõhus, kuid vajab hoolikat jälgimist. Aeratsioon parandab hapnikusisaldust ja elustiku tingimusi. Keemilised meetodid sobivad hästi füüsikaliste ja bioloogiliste meetodite toetamiseks.
Lõpetuseks tuleb rõhutada, et eutrofeerumise vältimine ja veekogu taastamine vajab mitmekesiseid lähenemisviise, mis ühendavad füüsikalisi, bioloogilisi ja keemilisi meetodeid. Töö kutsub üles suurendama teadlikkust eutrofeerumise probleemidest ja toetama teadusuuringute ning pilootprojektide rakendamist, et arendada tõhusamaid lahendusi. Järvede ökoloogilise tasakaalu säilitamine on oluline mitte ainult keskkonna tervise, vaid ka kohalike majanduste ja elukvaliteedi parandamise seisukohalt.This thesis addresses the pressing issue of eutrophication in Estonian lakes, a process that disrupts ecological balance and creates significant social and economic challenges. Eutrophication, primarily caused by excessive nutrient accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus due to human activities such as agriculture, urbanization, and industrialization, is explored in depth to understand its causes and impacts. The study highlights the importance of mitigating this phenomenon to protect the ecological integrity and functionality of these water bodies.
The research categorizes technological solutions for eutrophication prevention and remediation into three main groups: physical, biological, and chemical methods. Each method is analyzed for its effectiveness, feasibility, and environmental impact. Emphasis is placed on sediment removal and macrophyte management as critical components of lake restoration, alongside the use of innovative water treatment technologies. The thesis advocates for integrated approaches that combine these strategies to achieve sustainable and long-term improvements in water quality.
Findings emphasize the necessity of collaborative action among stakeholders, including local governments, scientists, and agricultural sectors, to implement effective mitigation strategies. The research also calls for enhanced public awareness and the initiation of research and pilot projects to develop practical and sustainable solutions. By contributing to the ongoing discourse on the ecological health of Estonian lakes, this thesis underscores the need for multifaceted approaches to ensure their long-term sustainability, supporting local economies and improving the quality of life for dependent communities
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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