205 research outputs found
Late life suicide in Italy, 1980-2015
No full textAim: Suicide trends in older adults were examined in Italy from 1980 to 2015. Age groups considered were 65-74 years, 75-84 and 85 + years.
Methods: Data on suicide deaths were obtained from the Italian Mortality Database (IMDB) collected by the Italian National Institute of Statistics (ISTAT) and processed by the Statistics Unit of the Italian National Institute of Health (Istituto Superiore di Sanità). Joinpoint regression analyses were carried out for age subgroups by sex. In addition, data related to four main macro-areas of Italy were considered: North-West, North-East, Centre, and South with Islands (Sicily and Sardinia).
Results: Starting by 1985, declines were noted in all age groups with more noticeable decreases in older adults aged 75-84 and 85 + years. Female subjects demonstrated more ample falls in rates than male individuals. Declines were detected in all macro-areas of Italy.
Conclusion: Improved health assistance and quality of life of older individuals have probably contributed to the decline of suicide rates of senior citizens, who also showed improved poverty indices in the country, differently from all other age groups
Pilot and Feasibility Studies in Suicide Research
No full textPreliminary studies including feasibility and pilot studies are a critical component of research. Feasibility and pilot studies can identify methodological, practical, and ethical concerns prior to an ex-pensive full-scale study. This chapter explores the differences and similarities between feasibility and pilot studies. In addition, key methodological (i.e., retention, sampling, outcome selection) and analysis considerations in preliminary research are discussed. Finally, researchers are provided with guidance for reporting standards and moving from feasibility and pilot studies to full-scale studies.No Full Tex
Human-Computer Interaction in Times of Grief: Unveiling Support Processes Among COVID-19 Affected Users in a Facebook Group Through Netnography
No full textDuring the early waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy, social distancing hindered mourners in their help-seeking. A netnographic approach was employed to investigate grief and empathy expressions on a Facebook support group, created for the purpose and moderated by a psychologist. Participants (23 Females, 2 Males) knew about the research and co-participated in the improvement of the group experience. The virtual space was used by group members with two different purposes: some mainly vented their anger but others created a new and coherent narration of their loss. Differently from other peer-to-peer support groups, users supported each other continuously and in some cases took up the role of moderators. The results shed light on continuous peer support and user-driven moderation dynamics, advancing our understanding of online groups moderated by professionals. The study also prompts reflection on distinct aspects of grieving on social media during the initial 2 years of the pandemic
Mixed Methods in Suicide Research
No full textMixed methods offer a valuable third paradigm in suicide research that can address the limitations of quantitative and qualitative research methods. This chapter describes how the application of mixed methods can enable researchers to gain a more substantive understanding of suicide. We dis-cuss the range of mixed method designs available, depending on why, how, and where the quanti-tative and qualitative components will be applied and integrated. Examples are also provided of how mixed methods have been applied in suicide research.No Full Tex
Risks and Protective Factors of Suicidality for Undergraduate Students in China
No full textIn 2019, there were over 700,000 suicides globally, and suicide is the leading cause of death among young people aged 15-29 years. Although suicide rates in China have declined from over 20 per 100,000 population in the 1990s to 8.1 in 2019, ongoing efforts are required to prevent suicide, especially among youth. Current research gaps include: (1) limited number of studies on suicide in China compared to Western countries, especially for younger age groups including undergraduates; (2) lack of studies of protective factors against suicidality involving undergraduate students; and (3) lack of theoretical models applied when conducting suicide studies on risk and protective factors.
Therefore, this research project aimed to identify the prevalence of suicidality and further risk and protective factors of suicidality among undergraduate students (18-24 years old) in China. More specifically, the research aims were: (1) Comparing the prevalence of suicide risk between Chinese and US college students; (2) Identifying the main risk and protective factors of suicidal ideation and attempt among undergraduates in China; (3) Investigating whether religion is a protective factor against suicidality for undergraduates in China; and (4) Investigating how purpose and meaning in life are associated with suicidality in undergraduates in China. Three theoretical models of suicide were used to guide the thesis, comprising: (1) Shneidman’s psychache theory of suicide; (2) Zhang’s psychological strain theory of suicide; and (3) Klonsky’s three-step theory of suicide. This research project utilised a cross-sectional study design involving a cluster sample of more than 13,000 students from seven universities in seven provinces each.
Chinese undergraduates reported lower suicidality compared to their counterparts in the US (lifetime suicidal ideation: 26.5% vs. 28.0%; lifetime suicide attempt: 1.9% vs. 4.5%; past-year suicidal ideation: 19.2% vs. 32.9%; and suicidal behaviour risk (future): 17.0% vs. 24.3%). Key risk factors for suicidality included psychache, psychological strains, and depression, while key protective factors comprised self-esteem, purpose and meaning in life. Religion was not found to be universally protective; more specifically, Muslim religion was found to have a protective effect among undergraduate students in China, while Christianity increases the risk of suicidality compared to those reporting not affiliated to any religion. Meaning in life was found to be a protective factor for Chinese undergraduate students and it was also found to mediate the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation and attempt.
The findings of the project can be used to inform the development of suicide intervention programmes and to improve existing suicide prevention strategies targeting young adults and undergraduate students. Key limitations involve the use of a cross-sectional study design, which does not enable inference of causality. Future research should utilise longitudinal study designs, analyse specific subgroups and test specific suicide prevention interventions among university students in China.
This research project is one of the largest studies comprising undergraduate students; furthermore, it is to the best knowledge of the author that this is the largest study to investigate the relationship between religion and suicidality in China. Thus, the findings from such a large-scale study including diverse samples from different provinces provide a better representation compared to previous research. Identification of one’s relevant risk and protective factors earlier in life is useful for early intervention and also in creating awareness among young adults.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)Aust Inst Suicide Res&PreventGriffith HealthFull Tex
Suicide methods in children and adolescents
No full textThere are notable differences in suicide methods between countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse and describe suicide methods in children and adolescents aged 10-19 years in different countries/territories worldwide. Suicide data by ICD-10 X codes were obtained from the WHO Mortality Database and population data from the World Bank. In total, 101 countries or territories, have data at least for 5 years in 2000-2009. Cluster analysis by suicide methods was performed for countries/territories with at least 10 suicide cases separately by gender (74 for males and 71 for females) in 2000-2009. The most frequent suicide method was hanging, followed by poisoning by pesticides for females and firearms for males. Cluster analyses of similarities in the country/territory level suicide method patterns by gender identified four clusters for both gender. Hanging and poisoning by pesticides defined the clusters of countries/territories by their suicide patterns in youth for both genders. In addition, a mixed method and a jumping from height cluster were identified for females and two mixed method clusters for males. A number of geographical similarities were observed. Overall, the patterns of suicide methods in children and adolescents reflect lethality, availability and acceptability of suicide means similarly to country specific patterns of all ages. Means restriction has very good potential in preventing youth suicides in different countries. It is also crucial to consider cognitive availability influenced by sensationalised media reporting and/or provision of technical details about specific methods.No Full Tex
The impact of workplace bullying on mental health and suicidality in Queensland construction industry apprentices
No full textIt is well established that males working in the construction sector are in one of the highest occupational risk groups for suicide (Heller, Hawgood and De Leo, 2007; Milner, Spittal, Pirkis and LaMontagne, 2013; Roberts, Jaremin and Lloyd, 2013). Alarmingly, research also indicates that young Australian males working in the construction industry are at high risk of suicide and are twice as likely to take their own lives than other young Australian males (Heller et al., 2007). This study builds on previous qualitative focus group research on the needs of construction industry apprentices by the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention (AISRAP) for Mates in Construction (MATES) [available in VOCEDplus at TD/TNC 141.1055] which identified alleged bullying and poor treatment and supervision of Queensland apprentices (Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, 2018). Workplace bullying is a major issue in Australia and is associated with adverse outcomes such as poor mental health and increased risk for suicidal ideation and behaviours (Holt et al., 2015; Leach, Poyser and Butterworth, 2017). The current study aimed to estimate the prevalence of bullying in Queensland construction industry apprentices, as well as to obtain a snapshot of their mental health and well-being, their perceptions of supervision quality, suicide awareness and literacy, and exposure to, and experience of suicidal behaviours.No Full Tex
Suicide in Queensland Annual Report 2019
No full textThe Suicide in Queensland Annual Report 2019 (Suicide in Queensland) provides recent suicide trends in Queensland to help target and inform suicide prevention activities in Queensland by understanding the circumstances in which suicides occurred. This report focuses on information from the years 2013 to 2018. The information comes from a public health surveillance system — the Queensland Suicide Register (QSR) and the interim Queensland Suicide Register (iQSR).Full Tex
On the origin of the 13th century cemetery near the village of Kairi, Cherson region
No full textК числу загадочных археологических объектов в Таврии относится грунтовый могильник начала II тыс.н.э., обнаруженный в 1953 г. Д.Я.Телегиным в северо-восточной части с.Кайры (Горностаевский район Херсонской области). Могильник находился у обрыва над р.Конкой, на левом берегу Каховского водохранилища. Тогда, удалось исследовать лишь одно погребение в неглубокой яме, прикрытой плоским камнем.A cemetery of the 13th century discovered in Cherson region, not far from the village of Kairi, is among those which are scarcely studied. The presence of stone in the structure of burial constructions is a peculiarity of this Christian necropolis. As for the problem of the origin of the cemetery near Kairi the researchers have not come to a unanimous conclusion. Some of them think that it is a Slavic monument, others failed to define its ethnographic attribution of the population who had left this object. The most admissible is a version of a Caucasian origin of Kairi cemetery. In the first half of the 13th century, the Mongol- Tatars and the majority of the Alanic population were forced to settle in the steppe of the Northern Black Sea Coast and left Kairi and synchronous plate cemeteries behind. The author assumes that probably the Caucasian Alans-Asi moved from the lower Dnieper to the steppe of the neighbouring Crimean peninsula
On the origin of the 13th century cemetery near the village of Kairi, Cherson region
No full textК числу загадочных археологических объектов в Таврии относится грунтовый могильник начала II тыс.н.э., обнаруженный в 1953 г. Д.Я.Телегиным в северо-восточной части с.Кайры (Горностаевский район Херсонской области). Могильник находился у обрыва над р.Конкой, на левом берегу Каховского водохранилища. Тогда, удалось исследовать лишь одно погребение в неглубокой яме, прикрытой плоским камнем.A cemetery of the 13th century discovered in Cherson region, not far from the village of Kairi, is among those which are scarcely studied. The presence of stone in the structure of burial constructions is a peculiarity of this Christian necropolis. As for the problem of the origin of the cemetery near Kairi the researchers have not come to a unanimous conclusion. Some of them think that it is a Slavic monument, others failed to define its ethnographic attribution of the population who had left this object. The most admissible is a version of a Caucasian origin of Kairi cemetery. In the first half of the 13th century, the Mongol- Tatars and the majority of the Alanic population were forced to settle in the steppe of the Northern Black Sea Coast and left Kairi and synchronous plate cemeteries behind. The author assumes that probably the Caucasian Alans-Asi moved from the lower Dnieper to the steppe of the neighbouring Crimean peninsula
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