1,720,952 research outputs found
The Awareness of Producer Responsibility Among the Estonian Population
No full textPidev elanikkonna kasv toob juurde uute tehnoloogiate nõudluse, kuid sellega kaasnev tagajärg on suur hulk jäätmeid. Iga uue toote valmistamine vähendab meile eluks vajalikke loodusressursse. Autori valitud teema on hetkel aktuaalne ja kindlasti mitte ainult hetkel, vaid ka tulevikus. Tarbijaühiskonnale omaselt oleme harjunud tarbima ning ostuvõimalused on paranenud ja tehnoloogia uueneb pidevalt, mille tagajärjeks on keskkonna koormamine. Töö eesmärgiks oli elektroonilise küsitluse teel saada informatsiooni elanike teadlikkusest seoses tootjavastusega. Töös annatakse ka ülevaade nendest õigusaktidest, mis puudutavad tootjavastutust. Autori poolt koostatud küsimustiku vastuste analüüsist selgub teadlikkus nii toodete, mis kuuluvad tootjavastutuse alla kui ka tootjavastutusorganisatsioonide olemasolu kohta. Küsimustik oli anonüümne ja koosnes 18 küsimusest ning koostatud Google Formisis. Aprill 2018a. oli küsimustik avatud ja sellele vastati 101 elaniku poolt, kellest 68 vastajat oli naissoost ja 32 meessoost. Koostatud küsimustiku põhjal võib järeldada, et alla poolte vastajate on kuulnud tootjavastutusest, kuid 75 vastajat peavad oluliseks, et tarbijad oleks sellest teadlikud. Vastuseid analüüsides selgus, et paljudele Eesti elanikele ei ole selge, mis tähendab tootjavastutus ning mis tooted selle alla kuuluvad. Kõige enam valiti tootjavastutus toodete alla akud ja patareid, pakendid ning probleemtooted. Kahjuks leidus ka neid, kes ei teadnud mida eelnevate toodetega teha. Sorteerimise abistamiseks on loodud mitmed veebileheküljed, millest inimesed on teadlikud, mis olid välja toodud ka antud töös. Üksnes ühe lehekülje, jäätmed.ee olid valinud 53 vastajat, mida tegelikkuses ei eksisteeri, kuid see leht suunab Keskkonnaministeeriumi veebilehele. Eelnevast võib järeldada, et vajadusel suudavad inimesed leida veebist küll vajaliku infot, kuid kindlasti ei saa eeldada, et see oleks motivatsiooniks käitumisharjumuste muutmiseks. Paljudele oli tuttav, mida teha vanade esemetega, ning võimalusi on mitmeid. Enim pakuti viimist jäätmejaama, seda 94 rehvide ja 82 televiisori ning 35 katkise külmiku korral, kuid kolm vastajat tõstaks nii oma külmiku kui ka televiisori konteineri kõrvale ja kaks viskaks konteinerisse oma kasutud rehvid. Antud uuringut analüüsides, leiab autor, et elanike teadlikkust tootjavastutusest tuleks tõsta, sest osati küll nimetada tootjavastutusorganisatsioone, enim pakuti 26 korda Tootjavastutusorganisatsioon OÜ, kuid tegelikult ei olnud vastajad päris kursis, millega tootjavastutusorganisatsioonid tegelevad ja mis on nende eesmärk. Põhjuseks võib tuua teavituskampaaniate vähesust, mille tõttu oluline info ei jõua inimesteni. Suurendades inimeste teadlikust tootjavastutuses, suurendame hoolivust enda ja keskkonna suhtes. Aitame säästa loodust ja hoiame keskkonna puhtana.The topic of this thesis is “The awareness of producer responsibility among the Estonian population”. The expansion of the welfare society, resulting in a growth of the consumer population and the improved access to various electronic devices, has also led to a global increase in e-waste, including in Estonia. What further contributes to an increase in the amount of waste is the rapid development of technology which in turn often causes a shortage of spare parts for older versions of products and creates a need for replacing them with a newer one thereof. The production of new products, however, enlarges the use of natural resources, but which for the sake of the future generations should be consumed in a more sustained and reasonable manner instead. From the environment’s perspective, the awareness of the population on out-of-use products, and on how to keep them in circulation, is relevant to conserve nature. Products which have become a waste need to be channeled to recycling so that the materials they contain could be put into further use. To increase the amount of materials being recycled, organised recycling collection networks also need to be established. Having a cleaner nature and environment hence requires more waste to reach responsible producers, organisations and approved waste handlers. The purpose of this paper was to acquire information about the awareness of the population on producer responsibility via electronic questionnaire. A quantitative analysis method was used to conduct the survey and a structured questionnaire for collecting data. The deadline for submitting responses was April of 2018, by which time 101 valid responses to questionnaire were received. The analysis of the responses received revealed that only few of the people living in Estonia know about producer responsibility and that 75 respondents acknowledge the need to know more about producer responsibility. Consequently, it can be concluded that in order to conserve nature, both producers and consumers need to make a greater effort to learn more about how to make use of older products. That said, respondents were aware of various supportive webpages, whereas jäätmed.ee was chosen on 53 occasions and which currently is inoperable but directs visitors to the homepage of the Ministry of the Environment instead. To improve the situation, more campaigns and advertisements are needed to educate and remind people about the necessity to protect the environment.The author finds that there is a need to increase the awareness of the population on producer responsibility, because, while some of the respondents were able to name producer responsibility organisations, such as Tootjavastutusorganisatsioon OÜ on 26 occasions, most have limited knowledge on the purpose and activities of these type of organisations. Majority of respondents were most likely to know what to do with old tires, refrigerators and TVs, and that on 94, 82 and 35 occasions respectively, while saying they would visit transfer stations to this end. However, three of the respondents said they would leave their refrigerator and TV next to the garbage container, and on two occasions throw used tires into the garbage container. When asked which products belong under producer responsibility then batteries were chosen on 84 and packages on 74 occasions, whereas some also named pets (5) and that they „can’t say“
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
