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The Rich Agreement Hypothesis Rehabilitated
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The effect of filler complexity across main- and embedded clauses on the acceptability of wh-island extraction in English.
No full textThe acceptability of syntactic island violations is generally taken to ameliorate when wh-filler complexity is increased. This effect is exclusively found in weak islands. English, for example, has weak islands, because it has filler complexity amelioration. Beljon et al. (2021) posit that Dutch has strong islands, because they found no convincing evidence for a filler complexity effect in Dutch wh-islands. In their analysis, they conclude that filler-complexity
amelioration effects do not appear in Dutch main clauses, because a featural Relativized
Minimality analysis shows that the Dutch grammar does not distinguish between complex or
bare fillers in main clauses. The Dutch main clause verb-second (V2) constraint is suggested
as the reason, because V2 ostensibly causes the C-position in Dutch main clauses to always
carry some extra feature F, in addition to a Q feature. When the filler takes this position, it has
full featural overlap with the embedded subject, which entails the highest degree of intervention effect, meaning strong islands. This analysis makes the clear prediction that
sentences without V2 constraints (e.g. Dutch embedded clauses) should lack the feature that
V2 adds to the C-position. Then, Inclusion can be avoided, leading to a weaker intervention
effect, and consequently, weaker islands. Theoretically, this suggests that Dutch embedded
clauses could show complexity-amelioration. The other side of this prediction is that languages without V2, such as English must be shown to have a complexity effect that stays consistent in both main and embedded clauses, because otherwise the factor V2 cannot be singled out as the cause for strong islands in Dutch. The consistency of the complexity effect between main and embedded clauses in English is what the present study aimed to empirically test. To ascertain this, a graded acceptability judgment task was conducted. The effect of complexity was found to be significant and consistent across both types of clauses, which aligns with the predictions made by the analysis in Beljon et al. that non-V2 island extractions should show consistent complexity effects across both main and embedded clauses.
Keywords: syntactic islands, wh-movement, filler complexity, Relativized Minimality
embedded questions, graded judgment
Phonological Activation in Bilinguals: Interlingual Homographs in a Native Context
No full textResearch on the bilingual word recognition system favours the nonselective access hypothesis, but the role of phonology is often overlooked. The current study aimed to investigate how phonological overlap in interlingual homographs influences word recognition in Dutch-English bilinguals. More specifically, the objective was to identify whether phonological activation of the nontarget language is present during bilingual word recognition. Additionally, the effects of proficiency were tested with the use of a short questionnaire. A lexical decision task was conducted in a completely native context. The critical stimuli consisted of phonologically identical interlingual homographs (SLIM: /slɪm/-/slɪm/) and phonologically nonidentical interlingual homographs (ANGEL: /ˈeɪn.dʒəl/-/ˈɑŋəl/). The results indicated a smaller inhibition effect on accuracy and response times for identical homographs than for nonidentical homographs. These findings are in line with the nonselective access hypothesis and show phonological activation of the nontarget language in bilingual word recognition. There was no significant correlation found between level of proficiency and amplitude of the inhibition effect. All the results are discussed within the fram
Priming Dutch-English Interlingual Homographs
No full textThe present study investigated the processing of Dutch-English interlingual homographs in bilingual participants through a primed lexical decision task. While cognates are generally responded to faster than control words, interlingual homographs often show an inhibition effect. The degree of inhibition is influenced by the specific task demands. In the current study, interlingual homographs were primed with a word semantically related to either the English reading or the Dutch reading, or with a semantically unrelated prime. Matched English control words were also primed with a semantically related or semantically unrelated prime. The results of this experiment indicate that interlingual homographs were responded to significantly slower than matched control words. Reaction times were also slower for semantically unrelated pairs than for related pairs. There were no significant differences in reaction times found between interlingual homographs that were primed with a word related to the English reading and interlingual homographs that were primed with a word related to the Dutch reading
Syntactic islands and wh-in-situ languages: the case of Vietnamese
No full textThere has been an ongoing debate on whether or not island effects exist in wh-in-situ
languages. The standard view is that wh-in-situ languages are largely insensitive to island
constraints, except when the wh-element is why. However, a new account has emerged which
argues that all kinds of wh-constituents in wh-in-situ languages exhibit island effects, not just whadjunct why (Lu et al., 2020). In light of these competing empirical claims in the literature, the
present study employs a large-scale investigation to examine island effects in Vietnamese with
regional varieties (Northern versus Southern Vietnamese) as a controlled variable. Two hundred
and seven Vietnamese speakers (101 Northerners and 106 Southerners) were tested in an
acceptability judgement task. The results revealed that Vietnamese does exhibit island effects for
all types of wh-constituents, but these effects are mild compared to English. This study proposes
both a theoretical and a processing explanation for this mild island effect. Moreover, there is no
overall significant variation between the two groups, except for why in the island condition, in
which the rating of Southerners is higher than that of Northerners. This difference between the two
groups is harder to account for, but this study suggests that this should be taken as evidence for
the grammatical approach to islandhood.
Keywords: island effect, wh-in-situ, variation, Vietnamese, regional varietie
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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