162,832 research outputs found
The Strategies for Simple One-Point Ko Situation of Computer Go
No full text[[abstract]]Ko plays a very important role in Go, but most computer Go programs still cannot handle ko fights so far. Utilizing the principle of Minimax procedure, we obtain the best strategies for the simple one-point ko situation, enabling computer Go programs to gain maximum or loss minimum profit when dealing with the simple one-point ko situation. We also discuss in detail the strategies for using ko threats during the process of the ko fight.
KO-PLTs contain much less HMGB1 than GFP-PLTs.
No full textA, B: HMGB1 expression in the platelets of HMGB1-KO mice (KO-PLT); C, D: HMGB1 expression in the platelets of GFP mice (GFP-PLT); B, D: Enlarged images of the box areas in the image A and C. E: Semi-quantification of positively stained platelets with HMGB1 confirms the results of immunostaining showing that only a few (~7%) platelets in HMGB1-KO mice are positively stained with HMGB1 compared to more than 86.8% of platelets in GFP mice were positively stained with HMGB1. *P < 0.01 (GFP-PLT vs. KO-PLT). Green bars: 50 μm; Yellow bars: 10 μm.</p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Erdos-Ko-Rado from intersecting shadows
No full textA set system is called t-intersecting if every two members meet each other in at least t elements. Katona determined the minimum ratio of the shadow and the size of such families and showed that the Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem immediately follows from this result. The aim of this note is to reproduce the proof to obtain a slight improvement in the Kneser graph. We also give a brief overview of corresponding results
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
c-Fos is induced in opposite directions in stathmin KO and GRPR KO mice during extinction of cued fear conditioning.
No full text<p>(<b>A</b>) and (<b>D</b>), c-Fos induction is decreased in the basolateral amygdala of stathmin KO mice (5 WT and 5 KO) whereas it is increased in GRPR KO mice (6 WT and 6 KO) compared to WT mice. (<b>B</b>) and (<b>E</b>) c-Fos induction is increased in the prefrontal cortex of stathmin KO mice whereas it is decreased in GRPR KO mice compared to WT mice. (<b>C</b>) and (<b>F</b>), c-Fos induction is increased in the dentate gyrus of both stathmin and GRPR KO mice compared to WT mice. Results are presented as mean ± SEM. *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01, compared to WT mice.</p
SV2A/B KO neurons are resistant to TeNT.
No full text<p>(A) Mouse spinal cord neurons with the following genotypes: WT, SV2B KO [SV2A (+/+) SV2B (−/−)], and SV2A/B KO [SV2A (−/−) SV2B (−/−)], were exposed to HCR/T (50 nM). HCR/T fluorescence in SV2A/B KO neurons was dramatically reduced as compared to WT and SV2B KO. (B) Quantification of HCR/T binding: fluorescence was reduced by 30% and 50% for SV2B KO and SV2A/B KO neurons, respectively. Error bars represent SD, WT n = 9, SV2B KO n = 11, SV2A/B KO n = 12, ***p≤0.001. (C) SV2B KO and SV2A/B KO cultures were exposed to TeNT (20 nM) and BoNT/A (10 nM). Cell lysates were subjected to immunoblot analysis and probed for syb II, SV2, SNAP-25, and actin. Syb II in SV2A/B KO neurons was largely protected from TeNT action until resensitized through lentiviral expression of SV2A or SV2B; arrow indicates the BoNT/A cleaved form of SNAP-25. (D) SV2B KO and SV2A/B KO spinal cord neurons from were assayed for susceptibility to TeNT. Syb II was cleaved by 5 nM TeNT in SV2B KO neurons, while syb II was protected from TeNT in SV2A/B KO neurons. SV2A/B KO neurons could be resensitized to TeNT, upon lentiviral expression of SV2A. (E) Three putative glycosylation sites in SV2A were removed by creating N to Q mutants (residues 498, 548 and 573) and were expressed in SV2A/B KO neurons along with WT SV2A. Syb II was cleaved by TeNT in neurons reinfected with WT SV2A as well as the three mutants. (F) WT and SV2B KO mice were injected with the indicated amounts of TeNT and their time-to-death was recorded. SV2B KO mice were more than five-times more resistant to TeNT as compared to their WT counterparts. (G) WT and SV2A/B KO neurons were cultured and treated with BoNT/F at the indicated concentrations. Cell lysates were probed for syb II and syp by immunoblot analysis. WT and SV2A/B KO neurons exhibited similar sensitivities to BoNT/F.</p
Organizational Learning and Marketing Capability Development: A Study of Charity Retailing Operation of British Social Enterprises
No full textSocial enterprise is a hybrid form of profit- and social benefit-seeking organization whereby traditional nonprofit organizations pursue both their social mission and business opportunities. To embrace this new strategic direction shift, the nonprofit organizations need to develop new competences that will enable them to respond to the changes in the business model. The article investigates the learning mechanisms through which social enterprises develop a marketing capability to deploy their resources in the marketplace as the drivers of competitive advantage in their commercial practice. We study eight cases of UK-based charity retailers, in order to address the role of knowledge accumulation, articulation and codification process in the evolution of marketing capability development. We identify, amongst other things that the critical process of organizational learning for social enterprise is to transfer the experience into organization specific knowledge under the social aspects of constraints
Power enhancement: The MV method offers increased sensitivity to detect gene-KO-induced perturbations.
No full text(a) Number of perturbations per phenotype identified by MV vs. UV models. (b) Number of perturbations per KO line identified by MV vs. UV models. (c) The proportion of lines with at least 1 hit in a procedure (i.e., having at least 1 phenotype perturbed in that procedure) is used to compare the power of the UV method and MV method (on measured and missing data). Procedures are ordered by the UV model’s hit rate. The data and code used to generate this figure are available at [13,14]. KO, knockout; MV, multivariate; UV, univariate.</p
Normal proliferation and apoptosis levels in Eps15-KO MZ B cells. A.–B.
No full text<p>Bar graph depicting the percentage of BrdU-positive (BrdU+) (<b>A</b>) or active caspase-3-positive (Caspase+) (<b>B</b>) in Fo and MZ B cells in 2−4-month-old Eps15-WT (WT, white bars) and Eps15-KO (KO, black bars) mice 4 hrs after a BrdU pulse (n = 8). <b>C.</b> Bar graph depicting the percentage of Fo and MZ B cells migrating towards increasing concentrations of the chemokine SDF-1 in a transwell assay using purified splenic B cells from 3-month-old Eps15-WT (WT, white bars) and Eps15-KO (KO, black bars) mice (n = 4).</p
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