1,721,055 research outputs found
On Effects of Compression with Hyperdimensional Computing in Distributed Randomized Neural Networks
Full text linkA change of the prevalent supervised learning techniques is foreseeable in
the near future: from the complex, computational expensive algorithms to more
flexible and elementary training ones. The strong revitalization of randomized
algorithms can be framed in this prospect steering. We recently proposed a
model for distributed classification based on randomized neural networks and
hyperdimensional computing, which takes into account cost of information
exchange between agents using compression. The use of compression is important
as it addresses the issues related to the communication bottleneck, however,
the original approach is rigid in the way the compression is used. Therefore,
in this work, we propose a more flexible approach to compression and compare it
to conventional compression algorithms, dimensionality reduction, and
quantization techniques.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figure
Recognizing Permuted Words with Vector Symbolic Architectures: A Cambridge Test for Machines
No full textAbstractThis paper proposes a simple encoding scheme for words using principles of Vector Symbolic Architectures. The proposed encoding allows finding a valid word in the dictionary for a given permuted word (represented using the proposed approach) using only a single operation– calculation of Hamming distance to the distributed representations of valid words in the dictionary. The proposed encoding scheme can be used as an additional processing mechanism for models of word embedding, which also form vectors to represent the meanings of words, in order to match the distorted words in the text to the valid words in the dictionary
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Modification of Holographic Graph Neuron Using Sparse Distributed Representations
No full textAbstractThis article presents a modification of the recently proposed Holographic Graph Neuron approach for memorizing patterns of generic sensor stimuli. The original approach represents patterns as dense binary vectors, where zeros and ones are equiprobable. The presented modification employs sparse binary distributed representations where the number of ones is less than zeros. Sparse representations are more biologically plausible because activities of real neurons are sparse. Performance was studied comparing approaches for different sizes of dimensionality
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Vektor symboliska Arkitekturer och deras tillämpningar : Beräkning med slumpmässiga vektorer i ett hyperdimensionellt utrymme
No full textThe main focus of this thesis lies in a rather narrow subfield of Artificial Intelligence. As any beloved child, it has many names. The most common ones are Vector Symbolic Architectures and Hyperdimensional Computing. Vector Symbolic Architectures are a family of bio-inspired methods of representing and manipulating concepts and their meanings in a high-dimensional space (hence Hyperdimensional Computing). Information in Vector Symbolic Architectures is evenly distributed across representational units, therefore, it is said that they operate with distributed representations. Representational units can be of different nature, however, the thesis concentrates on the case when units have either binary or integer values. This thesis includes eleven scientific papers and extends the research area in three directions: theory of Vector Symbolic Architectures, their applications for pattern recognition, and unification of Vector Symbolic Architectures with other neural-like computational approaches. Previously, Vector Symbolic Architectures have been used mainly in the area of cognitive computing for representing and reasoning upon semantically bound information, for example, for analogy-based reasoning. This thesis significantly extends the applicability of Vector Symbolic Architectures to an area of pattern recognition. Pattern recognition is the area constantly enlarging its theoretical and practical horizons. Applications of pattern recognition and machine learning can be found in many areas of the present day world including health-care, robotics, manufacturing, economics, automation, transportation, etc. Despite the success in many domains pattern recognition algorithms are still far from being close to their biological vis-a-vis – the brain. In particular, one of the challenges is a large amount of training data required by conventional machine learning algorithms. Therefore, it is important to look for new possibilities in the area via exploring biologically inspired approaches. All application scenarios, which are considered in the thesis, contribute to the development of the global strategy of creating an information society. Specifically, such important applications as biomedical signal processing, automation systems, and text processing were considered. All applications scenarios used novel methods of mapping data to Vector Symbolic Architectures proposed in the thesis. In the domain of biomedical signal processing, Vector Symbolic Architectures were applied for three tasks: classification of a modality of medical images, gesture recognition, and assessment of synchronization of cardiovascular signals. In the domain of automation systems, Vector Symbolic Architectures were used for a data-driven fault isolation. In the domain of text processing, Vector Symbolic Architectures were used to search for the longest common substring and to recognize permuted words. The theoretical contributions of the thesis come in four aspects. First, the thesis proposes several methods for mapping data from its original representation into a distributed representation suitable for further manipulations by Vector Symbolic Architectures. These methods can be used for one-shot learning of patterns of generic sensor stimuli. Second, the thesis presents the analysis of an informational capacity of Vector Symbolic Architectures in the case of binary distributed representations. Third, it is shown how to represent finite state automata using Vector Symbolic Architectures. Fourth, the thesis describes the approach of combining Vector Symbolic Architectures and a cellular automaton. Finally, the thesis presents the results of unification of two computational approaches with Vector Symbolic Architectures. This is one of the most interesting cross-disciplinary contributions of the thesis. First, it is shown that Bloom Filters – an important data structure for an approximate membership query task – can be treated in terms of Vector Symbolic Architectures. It allows generalizing the process of building the filter. Second, Vector Symbolic Architectures and Echo State Networks (a special kind of recurrent neural networks) were combined together. It is possible to implement Echo State Networks using only integer values in network’s units and much simpler operation for a recurrency operation while preserving the entire dynamics of the network. It results in a simpler architecture with lower requirements on memory and operations.
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