1,720,968 research outputs found
Rationality: Can it be predicted by cognitive effort, ability and thinking disposition? On the role of willingness to exert cognitive effort, thinking disposition and executive function on deliberate reasoning tasks both with and without a heuristic response.
Full text linkÅ bruke intuisjon og magefølelsen, når det som egentlig kreves er nøye resonnering kan
føre til feilaktige vurdering og beslutninger, ikke bare på quiz, men også ha store konsekvenser i hverdagen. Så hvorfor gjør vi det? En vanlig forklaring er at vi gjøre det fordi det er strevsomt og krever innsats å bedrive nøye resonnering, innsats vi til vanlig ikke liker. In denne studien kastet vi lys over dette forholdet mellom (vellykket) resonnering og vilje til å yte kognitiv innsats.
Vi måte vilje til å yte kognitiv innsats ved å bruke to forskjellige eksperimentelle tilnærminger, samt en selvrapporteringsmåling. Og vi måte kritisk tenkning i et oppgavesett som både inneholdt spørsmål med sterke intuitive svar, og spørsmål uten intuitive svar. Alle oppgavene krevede nøye resonnering for å komme frem til det korrekte svaret, men oppgavene med intuitive svar krevde i tillegg at man ble oppmerksom på disse og unnlot å svare i henhold til de.
Våre eksperimentelle tilnærminger for å måle viljen til å yte kognitiv innsats viste seg mindre pålitelige, spesielt til bruk på individuelt nivå. Derimot så fant vi at vilje til å yte kognitiv innsats, målt gjennom selvrapporteringsskjema, og høyere kognitiv evne, målt via en arbeidshukommelsestest, førte til bedre skårer på kritisk tenkning.
Videre analyser indikerte derimot at dette hovedsakelig gjalt på oppgavene uten et sterkt intuitivt svar. Mens de aller fleste vil klare å utføre resonneringen som krevdes i oppgavene, synes den kritiske faktoren å være om man oppdager at resonnering kreves eller ikke, og dette ble ikke predikert ut i fra hverken vilje til å yte kognitiv innsats, eller kognitiv evne
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Bayesian analysis of risk- and ambiguity aversion in two information sampling tasks
Full text linkHumans are aversive to risk (irreducible
uncertainty) and ambiguity (reducible uncertainty). However, strong ambiguity aversion does
not necessarily imply strong risk aversion. Further, in real life it can be challenging to
attribute uncertainty and one may treat ambiguity as risk. This can lead to biases in
information sampling, i.e. premature stopping of collecting information that could reduce
uncertainty. These biases in information sampling have also been linked to delusional
thinking and hallucination disposition in both healthy individuals as well as in mental
disorders like schizophrenia. Modelling allows to identify the processes and aberrances in
decision-making. Here, we experimentally investigate these potentially aberrant attributions
by using the draws to decision version of the beads task (Huq et al., 1988) and the risk and
ambiguity lottery task (Levy et al., 2010). For each participant (N=77) we extracted their
risk-, and ambiguity aversion using the hierarchical Bayesian modelling of Decision-Making
tasks R-package (hBayesDM; Woo-Young et al., 2017), and used those parameters as
predictors for explaining the draws to decision in the beads-task. Preliminary results indicate
that a person’s risk aversion but not ambiguity aversion is related to draws to decision in the
beads task. This displays both the usefulness and importance of modelling cognitive tasks to
better understand and analyze the results from decision-making tasks, as well as its
importance in order to better understand and disentangle the underlying mechanisms of
everyday biases
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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